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HcmÄt¡m kaql¯nt\m F´nt\mtSm DÅ AanXamb XmÂ]cyw AYhm {]Xn]¯nbmWv I¼w F¶p ]dbmw. CXv Hcp Xcw {`aamWv. I¼w ]e Xc¯nepw Xe¯nepapWvSv. B\¡¼w aebmfnbpsS {]tXyIXbmWv. B\sb kvt\ln¨pkwc£n¡pI, AXns\ IjvSs¸Sp¯msX t\m¡pI Fs¶ms¡¡qSn AÀ°apWvSv CXn\v.
XmbveWvSnÂ 1993þÂ B\sb NnInÕn¡m³ Hcp ¢n\nIv XpS§n. skmdmbnUm {Kq¸v XpS§nbXmWv Cu Bip]{Xn. ChnsS A\h[n B\Isf NnInÕn¨v kpJs¸Sp¯nbn«pWvSv. ssa³ s]m«n Hcp Imensâ ]mZw \jvSs¸« B\sb Cu Bip]{XnbnÂ NnInÕn¨v Ir{Xna¡mÂ ]nSn¸n¨v \S¡m³ klmbn¨p.
tIcf¯nÂ B\¡¼w B\sb ]oUn¸n¨psImWvSmWv \ndthäp¶Xv. t£{X§fnse DÕh¯n\v aWn¡qdpItfmfw \ofp¶ ]cn]mSnIÄ B\IÄ¡v ]oU\w Xs¶bmWv. hni¸pw Zmlhpw kln¨p\nev¡p¶ B\IÄ CSbv¡nsS CSbp¶XnÂ AÛpXanÃ. B\ CSªv Bf]mb§Ä XpSsc¯pSsc DWvSmbns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p. cmjv{Sob{]IS\§Ä¡pw hninjvShyànIfpsS kzoIcW¯n\psaÃmw s\än¸«w sI«n KPhoc·mÀ sImgp¸pIq«p¶p. Cu BUw_c§Ä B\ItfmSp ImWn¡p¶ {IqcXbmWv.
{]kn² Ihbn{Xn kpKXIpamcnbpsS B\¡¼s¯¸änbpÅ {]XnIcWw {it²bamWv: ""t£{Xhnizmknbpw lnµpaXhnizmknbpamb F\n¡p a\ÊnemIm¯Xv CXmWv. F´n\mWv t£{X¯n\v B\? B\¸pds¯gp¶Ån¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔapÅXmbn Hcp X{´nimkv{X¯nepw ImWp¶nÃ. `Khm\v B\bmbmepw Bfmbmepw FÃmhcpw kasa¶mWv \mw ]Tn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Im«nse B\sb NXn¨p]nSn¨v AXns\ sXfn¨psImWvSph¶v ASn¨Sn¨v NX¨v N«w ]Tn¸n¨v XnSt¼än aWn¡qdpIÄ Xosh«nIÄ¡pw shSns¡«pIÄ¡pw \SphnÂ Htc \ne\ndp¯n k¦Ss¸Sp¯p¶XpsImWvSv GXp tZh\mWv {]oX\mIp¶sX¶v F\n¡p a\ÊnemIp¶nÃ. CsXÃmw \m«pImcpsS BtLmjw, BUw_cw. F¶mÂ A§s\ ]dbpI AÃmsX A¼e¯n\v B\bnÃmsX DÕhw Akm[yw F¶p ]dbcpXv.
`Khm\pw `KhXn¡pw B\IfpsS IjvS¸mSpw I®ocpw ImWm³ CjvSamsW¶p Rm³ IcpXp¶nÃ. ssZh§fpsS t]cnÂ ITn\amb Zp:Jw A\p`hn¡m¯ Hscmäbm\bpw tIcf¯nepsWvS¶pw Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶nÃ. Cu BÀ`mSw \ap¡v aXnbm¡n¡qtS? ITn\amb KPim]w lnµpaXhnizmknIÄ¡ptaÂ Xot]mse hoWpsImWvSncn¡p¶p F¶dnbpI...'' t£{X§fnÂ am{XaÃ t£{X§Ä¡¸pd¯pw B\IfpsS ]oU\w \S¡p¶pWvSv.
B\ItfmSp am{XaÃ, aäp arK§tfmSpw ]e Xc¯nepÅ I¼w \ap¡p ImWmw. B\tbm«w, Imftbm«w, Imft¸mcv, tImgnt¸mcv apXembh HcpXcw I¼amWv. AXn\p ]´bw hfsc I¼apÅ {]Øm\amWv. \mbv¡tfmSpÅ kvt\lw I¼ambn amdmdpWvSv. bqtdm¸nÂ ]ecpsSbpw k´XklNmcn \mbmWv. kv{XoIÄ \mbv¡sf Hma\Ifmbn hfÀ¯p¶p. Cu I¼§fnÂ ]eXpw arK§Ä¡p ]oU\ambn¯ocp¶p.
I¼w {`m´mbn amdmw. ]q¨bpw ]q¨bpw X½nsemcp IeymWw. hnhmhthZn XmbveWvSnse Hcp ]©\£{Xtlm«Â. hnhmls¨ehv Ht¶ap¡mÂ tImSn cq]m. 1996 sk]väw_dnembncp¶p kw`hw. \£{X¡®pIfpÅ cWvSp ]q¨IÄ X½nemWv hnhmlw. ChbpsS DSaIÄ tXSn¸nSn¨mWv IeymWw Dd¸n¨Xv. ¥qt¡ma F¶ XIcmdn\memWv shÅ¡®pIÄ DWvSmIp¶sX¦nepw CXv `mKyZmbIamsW¶mWv XmbveWvSnse hnizmkw. hnhml¯n\v 500 hnhnsF]nIÄ ]s¦Sp¯p. hnhmlthZnbnte¡v tdmÄkv tdmbnkv ImdnemWv h[p F¯nbXv. hc³ slentIm]vSdnepw. tamSnbmbn hkv{Xw [cn¸n¨mWv ]q¨Isf hnhmlaÞ]¯nÂ {]XnjvTn¨Xv. hnhmltijw Kw`ockÂ¡mchpw ]m«pw \r¯hpsaÃmw DWvSmbncp¶p. AXnYnIÄ \hZ¼XnIÄ¡v \ÂInb hnhmlk½m\¯n\p ]pdsa cWvSct¡mSn cq]bmWv ]ncnªpIn«nbXv. t\m¡q I¼w FhnSwhsc F¯mw?
sNIv dn¸»n¡nse skUveIv {Kma¯nse k\ymknaT¯nÂ \n¶p sl³dn F¶ aTm[n]Xn hnip²\mSv kµÀin¨p. 1278 emWv Cu kµÀi\w \S¶Xv. sKmÂKm¯maebnÂ\n¶pÅ Hcp]nSn a®pwsImWvSmWv At±lw aS§nbXv. skUve¡nsk knant¯cnbnÂ At±lw B a®v hnXdn. hnip²a®v hoWtXmsS knant¯cnbpw hnip²am¡s¸«p F¶v BfpIÄ hnizkn¨p. hmÀ¯ ]c¡m³ XpS§n. AtXmsS bqtdm¸nsâ ]e `mK§fnÂ\n¶pw skUveIv knant¯cnbnte¡v AS¡w sN¿m\mbn bqtdm¸nsâ arXtZl§Ä F¯n¯pS§n. 14þmw \qämWvSnse t¹KpIme¯v knant¯cn arXtZl§ÄsImWvSv \ndªp. 1318 Bbt¸mtg¡pw ap¸Xn\mbnc¯ne[nIw arXtZl§Ä AhnsS kwkvIcn¡s¸«p.
1400þÂ knant¯cnbpsS a[y`mK¯mbn Hcp ]Ån ]WnXp. 1500 Bbt¸mtg¡pw skant¯cnbnÂ AS¡w sN¿m³ ØeanÃmXmbn ]gb IpgnIfnÂ \n¶v FÃpIÄ FSp¯pamän \nehdbnÂ kq£n¨p. 1870 Bbt¸mtg¡pw FÃpIfpw kq£n¡m³ ØeanÃmXmbn. t\m¡q skant¯cntbmSpÅ AÔamb I¼w krjvSn¨ s]mÃm¸v.
1870þÂ jm¼³_ÀKv {]`p Cu FÃpIÄsImWvSv ]ÅnbpsS DÄhiw Ae¦cn¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p. Hcp Bimcnsb ]Wn Gev]n¨p. IemImc\mbncp¶ Cu Bimcn FÃpIÄ sImWvSpÅ inev]§Ä \nÀ½n¡m³ Bcw`n¨p. ]ÅnbpsS DÄhis¯ NphcpIfnepw taÂ¯«nepw AÄ¯mcbnepsaÃmw Xetbm«nIfpw FÃpIfpw Øm\w ]nSn¨p. \mev]Xn\mbncw t]cpsS FÃpIÄsImWvSmWv Cu Ae¦mc§Ä. BÝcyhpw `oXnbpw ]IÀ¶v Cu inev]§Ä C¶pw Bbnc§sf BIÀjn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p.
hml\¡¼w ASp¯ Imes¯ {`aamWv. ]W¡mÀ¡p hml\§tfmSp henb {`aamWv. Hcp ho«nÂ Xs¶ ]e hml\§Ä ImWpw. Gähpw hnebpÅ ]pXnb hml\§tfmSmWv IqSpXÂ XmÂ]cyw. D¶X·mcpw ]W¡mcpw ]pXnb ]pXnb hml\§Ä hm§n¡q«p¶p. hml\¡¼w KXmKX¡pcp¡n\pw ]cnØnXnaen\oIcW¯n\pw ImcWamIp¶p.
aebmfna¦amcpsS hkv{Xt¯mSpw B`c§tfmSpapÅ I¼w FSp¯p]dtbWvSXmWv. ]«nepw s]m¶nepw s]mXnªp\S¡p¶XmWv A`nImaysa¶v AhÀ IcpXp¶p. s]m§¨¯nsâbpw {]uVnbpsSbpw BUw_c¯nsâbpw {]XoI§fmWnhÀ. _yq«n ]mÀednÂ Ibdn ta¡¸v sNbvXv ]«pSp¯v B`cWw [cn¨v kuµcyw hÀ²n¸n¡m³ {ian¡p¶hcmWv ]e kv{XoIfpw. CXv A`nImayamtWm F¶p Nn´nt¡WvSXpWvSv.
NneÀ¡v `£W]ZmÀ°§tfmSp henb I¼amWv. Nne `£Wkm[\§tfmSmWv IqSpXÂ XmÂ]cyw. Ip«nIfpsS CjvS]ZmÀ°amWv sFkv{Iow. aZyt¯mSpw ab¡pacp¶nt\mSpapÅ I¼w hÀ²n¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p. `£W]ZmÀ°§tfmSpÅ AanXamb XmÂ]cyw, BÀ¯n BtcmKyw \in¸n¡m\pw tcmK§Ä ]nSns]Sm\pw ImcWamIpw.
NneÀ¡v Nne IfnItfmSmWp I¼w. ^pSvt_mÄ {_koepImcpsS I¼amWv. C´y¡mÀ¡v {In¡änt\mSmWp I¼w. `£Whpw hn{iahpw tPmenbpw Dt]£n¨v {In¡äp ImWp¶hcpWvSv. hnPb]cmPb§fnÂ AanXambn BËmZn¡p¶hscbpw Zp:Jn¡p¶hscbpw ImWmw. {In¡äv Xmc§tfmSp ImWn¡p¶ Bcm[\mat\m`mhhpw I¼¯nsâ `mKamWv.
kn\natbmSpw kn\namXmc§tfmSpw {`m´amb XmÂ]cyw ImcWn¡p¶ At\Iw BfpIfpWvSv. Hcp P\X F¶ \nebnÂ Xangv\m«pImÀ kn\namXmc§fpsS Bcm[IcmWv. kn\namXmc§sf ImWp¶Xpw kv]Àin¡p¶Xpw kzÀ¤w In«nbXpt]msebmWv IcpXp¶Xv.
hyànIÄ¡v {]tXyIw {]Xn]¯nIfpWvSmImw. Hmtjm F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ cP\ojv BÀ¯n]nSn¨ hmb\¡mc\mbncp¶p. kvIqfnÂ ]Tn¡p¶ Ime¯v sXm«Sp¯pÅ hmb\imebnse 3000 ]pkvXI§Ä At±lw hmbn¨pXoÀ¯p. P_Â]qÀ bqWnthgvknänbnÂ A[ym]I\mbncp¶ 1958þ1966 Ime¯v At±lw BgvNbnÂ 100 ]pkvXIw hoXw hmbn¨pXoÀ¯p. \mev]Xp hÀjwsImWvSv cWvSp e£t¯mfw ]pkvXI§Ä At±lw hmbn¨p F¶mWv Adnbp¶Xv. C{]Imcw BÀ¯ntbmSpIqSn hmbn¡p¶ ]ecpapWvSmImw.
`mKy¡pdntbmSp I¼apÅ hfsct¸cpWvSv. km[mcW¡mÀ¡mWv `mKy¡pdntbmSp IqSpXÂ I¼w. `mKy¡pdnbpw Hä\¼À `mKy¡pdnbpsaSp¯v km¼¯nIambn XIÀ¶hcpWvSv. Npcp¡w NneÀ¡p t\«apWvSmbn«pWvSmImw.
cmjv{Sobt¯mSp I¼apÅhÀ GsdbpWvSv. Chcpw `mKymt\zjnIfmWv. Øm\am\§fpw ]ZhnIfpamWnhcpsS e£yw. ap³Imecmjv{Sob¡mÀ ]mÀ«n¡pw cmPy¯n\pwthWvSn XymKw kln¨hcmWv. C¶v t\«amWv FÃmhcpsSbpw e£yw. cmjv{Sobt¯mSp hnS ]dbmsX acWw hsc Ignbm³ B{Kln¡p¶hcmWv `qcn]£hpw. a¡Ä cmjv{Sob¯nsâ e£yw tkh\amsW¶p IcpXm³ Ignbptam?
Iem]cn]mSnItfmSp I¼apÅ hfsct¸cpWvSv. DÕh¸d¼pIfnepw ]Ån¯ncp\mÄ Ahkc§fnepw \S¡p¶ Iem]cn]mSnIÄ CXn\p km£nbmWv. Km\taftbmSmWp IqSpXÂ XmÂ]cyw. \r¯w Nhn«nbpÅ Km\tafIÄ sNdp¸¡mcpsS lcamWv. Hcp Iq¯m«sa¶XnÂ Ihnªv Chbv¡v Iemaqeysam¶panÃ. F¶mÂ ChtbmSmWv `qcn]£¯n\pw {]Xn]¯n.
Icnacp¶p{]tbmKw DÕh§Ä¡pw ]Ån¯ncp\mfpIÄ¡pw sImgp¸pIq«p¶ ]cn]mSnbmWv. A´co£aen\oIcW¯n\v CXp ImcWamIp¶p. hmbp, i_vZaen\oIcW§Ä krjvSn¡pw shSns¡«v. Bf]mbw kÀÆkm[mcWambn kw`hn¡p¶pWvSv shSns¡«nsâ Ahkc§fnÂ. F¦nepw shSns¡«nt\mSpÅ I¼¯n\v Ipdshm¶panÃ. [\tamlamWv C¶v a\pjysâ Gähpw henb I¼w. [\tamlw AXymÀ¯nbmbn amdn¡gnªp. ]WwsImWvSv F´pw t\Smsa¶ [mcWbmWnXn\p ImcWw. GXp amÀ¤w D]tbmKn¨pw ]Ww DWvSm¡pIbmWv ]ecpsSbpw e£yw. FÃm Xn·IfpsSbpw ASnØm\w [\amWv. CXv {]kwKhnjbw am{XamWv an¡hsc kw_Ôn¨pw. {]kwKhpw {]hr¯nbpw X½nÂ _Ôsam¶pw ImWmdnÃ.
B[ymßnIcwK¯pw ]e hn[ I¼§fpWvSv. hnhn[ `àn{]Øm\§tfmSv AanXamb {]Xn]¯n ImWn¡p¶ At\Iw hnizmknIfpWvSv. kz´w ISaIÄ ad¶v `àn{]Øm\§fpw A\pjvTm\§fpambn Ignbp¶hcpWvSv. CXv bYmÀ° B[ymßnIXbÃ. FÃmw ssZhw t\m¡ns¡mÅpsa¶p ]dªmWv ChÀ Cu {]Øm\§fpambn \S¡p¶Xv. CXv ssZhs¯ ]co£n¡p¶ \ne]mSmWv. bYmÀ°PohnX¯nÂ \n¶pÅ Hfnt¨m«amWnXv.
C{]Imcw a\pjyPohnX¯nÂ \nch[nbmb I¼§fpWvSv. GXm\pw I¼§sf \nco£Whnjbam¡pI am{XamWp sNbvXn«pÅXv. AanXambmÂ AarXpw hnjw F¶p ]gsamgnbpWvSsÃm. F´nt\mSmsW¦nepw AanXamb {]Xn]¯n A`nImayaÃ. sshImcnIamb ]IzXbnÃm¯Xnsâ e£WamWv I¼w. `qanbnÂ {Iaw sXäpt¼mgmWsÃm `qI¼apWvSmIp¶Xv. hyànsshIeyamWv I¼¯n\p ImcWw. AXpsImWvSv hnthIhpw ]IzXbpapÅ hyànXz¯n\pSabmIpIbmWmhiyw.