1984 HIvtSm_À 31. 1948 \hw_À ap¸Xn\v almßPn h[n¡s¸«Xn\ptijw C´ybmsI kvXw`n¨p\n¶ ZpÀZn\w. C´ybpsS AJWvUXbv¡pthWvSn ]S\bn¨ {][m\a{´n CµncmKmÔn kz´w kpc£m`S·mcm shSntbäp càkm£nbmbn.
kw`h_lpeamb Cu Ccp]¯©phÀj§Ä¡ptijw temI¯nse Gähpw henb P\m[n]Xycmjv{Samb C´y temI cmjv{S§fpsS {i²mtI{µambn. BtKmf km¼¯nI amµy¯nsâ IjvS\jvS§sf kaÀ°ambn AXnPohn¨v C´y FÃm cwK§fnepw {it²bambn apt¶dns¡mWvSncn¡pIbmsW¶p cmjv{SobXnancw _m[n¡m¯ BÀ¡pw IWvSp t_m[ys¸Smhp¶XmWv.
1959þ C´y³\mjW tIm¬{Kknsâ {]knUâmbn sXcsªSp¡s¸«Xp apX 1984 HIvtSm_À 31þ\v h[n¡s¸Sp¶Xphsc 25 hÀjw CµncmKmÔn C´y³ cmjv{Sob¯n \ndªp\n¶p. ASnb´cmhØbv¡ptijw \S¶ sXcsªSp¸n ]cmPbs¸«¦nepw 1980þ AhÀ {][m\a{´n ]Z¯n AXniàbmbn XncnsIsb¯n. ]©m_n `n{µ³hmem \bn¨ hnLS\hmZs¯ »qÌmÀ Hm¸tdj\n IqSn ]cmPbs¸Sp¯n C´ybnse Gähpw Icp¯mÀ¶ t\Xmhmbn amdn. ]t£, kz´w {]mW³ AXn\p hnebmbn \ÂtIWvSn h¶p. `mcX¯nse P\a\kpIfn AhcpsS càkm£nXzw cmPy¯n\pthWvSnbpÅ almXymK¯nsâ DÖze km£yambn.
CµncbpsS cmPy¯n\pthWvSnbpÅ càkm£nXzt¯msS s\lvdp IpSpw_w C´ybpsS Ncn{X¯nsâ A`n¶`mKambnamdnsb¶XmWp kXyw. Cµncbv¡ptijapÅ 25 hÀjs¯ Gähpw {it²bamb kw`hw s\lvdpIpSpw_¯nsâ A]qÀÆamb Cu alXzamWv. Cµnc¡ptijw ]e {][m\a{´namcpw cmPy¯nsâ `cWN{Iw Xncn¡m³ \ntbmKn¡s¸s«¦nepw Ahscms¡ Ncn{X¯nsâ NhäpsIm«bn hnkvarXcmbn. ]t£, cmPy¯nsâ H¼Xmas¯ {][m\a{´nbmbn Ahtcm[nXbmb CµncbpsS ]p{X³ cmPohvKmÔn P\a\kpIfn Ønc{]XnjvT t\Sn. DuÀÖkze\mbncp¶ Cu bpht\Xmhv imkv{Xþkmt¦XnIcwK¯v C´ybpsS IpXn¸n\p XpS¡an«p. sF.Sn. cwK¯v C´ybpsS A`qX]qÀhamb t\«§Ä¡pImcWw cmPohnsâ ZoÀLZrjvSntbmSpIqSnbpÅ Bkq{XW sshZKv[yamWv.
A½sbt¸mseXs¶ cmPohpw cmPy¯n\pthWvSn càkm£nbmbt¸mÄ s\lvdp IpSpw_w tImSn¡W¡n\p `mcXobcpsS Bcm[m\m ]m{Xambn. B Bcm[\at\m`mhamWv cmjv{Sob¯n H«pw ]cnNbanÃmXncp¶n«pw cmPohnsâ {]nb]Xv\nbmb tkmWnbmsb cmjv{Sob¯nse¯n¨Xv. hntZih\nXsb¶p hnfn¨v A]IoÀ¯ns¸Sp¯phm³ {]Xn]£w InWªp {ian¨n«pw
tkmWnbm \bn¨ bp.]n.F `qcn]£w t\Sn. bp.]n.Fbnse FÃm LSII£nIfpw AXniàamb k½ÀZw sNep¯nbn«pw {][m\a{´n]Zw kzoIcn¡msX A[nImc¯n \n¶pw AI¶p\n¶Xv C´y³ cmjv{Sob¯nse thdns«mcp kw`haamWv. AhcpsS "\bw' C´y³ P\XbpsS lrZbs¯ Bgambn kv]Àin¨p.
A[nImc¡tkcbv¡pthWvSn GXShpw ]bän P\§fpsS ap¼n Ahtlf\m]m{XamIp¶ t\Xm¡sf AkvX {]Úcm¡nb kw`hambncp¶p tkmWnbmbpsS A[nImc XymKw.
Cµncbv¡ptijw C´ybn A©p s]mXpsXcsªSp¸pIÄ \S¶p. temI¯nse Gähpw henb P\m[n]Xy cmjv{Samb C´ybnse sXcsªSp¸v temIw apgph³ {i²n¡p¶ Hcp kw`hamsW¶pw. AbÂcmPy§fnsems¡ s]mXpsXcsªSp¸pIÄ F¶pw hnhmZ hnjb§fmWv. ]t£, C´ybnse sXcsªSp¸pIÄ Hcn¡epw hnhmZhnjbta Bbn«nsöpÅXv C´y³ P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ Icp¯v temI¯n\p Im«ns¡mSp¡pIbmWv.
Cµncbv¡ptijw ]n¶n« C´y³ cmjv{Sob¯nse asämcp {it²bamb kw`hw {]mtZinII£nIfpsS apt¶äamWv. ]©m_v, Xangv\mSv, Hdok, lcnbm\, B{Ô XpS§nb kwØm\§Ä CXn\pZmlcWamWv. C´ybnse {]apJ cmjv{Sob I£nIfmb `mcXob P\Xm]mÀ«nbpw C´y³ \mjW tIm¬{Kkpw {]mtZinI I£nIsf Iq«p]nSn¨v `cWw \S¯n. C´ybn kao]`mhnbnsem¶pw GII£n `cWw aS§nhcpIbnsö Imcy¯n BÀ¡pw A`n{]mb hyXymkanÃ. {]mtZinI I£nIfpsS {]mapJy¯nepw C´ybnse s^Ud `cWkwhn[m\w IqSpX Icp¯mÀÖn¨psh¶Xv Hcp kXyamWv. ap¼v kwØm\§fpsS Ip¯Ibmbncp¶ ]e hIp¸pIfnepw tI{µw ssIIS¯nsb¦nepw {]mtZinI I£nIÄ¡v AXns\Xntc H¶pw sN¿m³ IgnªnÃ. hnZym`ymkcwKw Xs¶ CXn\pZmlcWamWv. kÀhIemimeIfnse cmjv{Sob AXn{]kcw AXncp IS¶t¸mÄ kao]Ime¯p tI{µkÀhIemimeIÄ cmPys¯hnsSbpw Bcw`n¡msa¶ ØnXnhntij¯nse¯n. ]e hIp¸pIfnepw tI{µ¯nsâ kam´c `cW¯n\p kwØm\§Ä¡p hgt§WvSnh¶p. {]mtZinI I£nIfpsS IpXn¸nepw CsXms¡ km[n¡p¶Xp iàamb tI{µw ZpÀ_eamb kwØm\§Ä F¶ ØnXnbn Imcy§Ä F¯n¨ncn¡p¶p. ]t£ CXv BXy´nIambn cmjv{S¯n\p KpWIcamIpsa¶Xn XÀ¡anÃ.
CµncmKmÔn¡ptijw C´ybnse ]e kwØm\§fnepw Xo{hhmZ{]Øm\w kPohambn. ASp¯Ime¯v AXp cmPys¯ XIÀ¡p¶ \ioIcW{]Øm\ambn amdnbsb¶XmWp kXyw. cmPyw t\cnSp¶ Gähpw henb {]iv\w B`y´c Xo{hhmZ{]Øm\amsW¶Xv GXm\pw Znhk§Ä¡p ap¼p {][m\a{´n a³taml³knwKn\p k½Xnt¡WvSnh¶p.
C¶v C´ybn At\Iw Xo{hhmZ {]Øm\§Ä cmPy¯nsâ AJWvUXbv¡pw kzmX{´y¯n\pw shÃphnfnbpbÀ¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶pWvSv. bpssWäUv en_tdj³ {^WvSv Hm^v Bkmw (ULFA)F¶ kwLS\ Bkmansâ kzmX{´y¯n\mbn 1970þ Øm]nXambn. \mjW sUtam{ImänIv {^WvSv Hm^v t_mtUm em³Uvþ {_lva ]p{Xm \Zn¡p hS¡p`mK¯v kzX{´ t_mtUm em³Uv (NDFB) Øm]n¡pI F¶ e£yt¯msS 1986þ {]hÀ¯\amcw`n¨p. bpssWäUv \mjWenÌv en_tdj³ {^WvSv (UNLF) aWn¸qcnsâ kzmX{´y¯n\mbn 1996 apX {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. 1988þ apX Øm]nXamb ]o¸nÄkv en_tdj³ BÀan aWn¸qcnsâ hS¡pIng¡³ taJeIfpsS kzmX{´yw e£yw h¨pÅ kwLS\bmWv. \mjW en_tdj³ {^WvSv Hm^v {Xn]pc F¶ kwLS\ {Xn]pcbpsS kzmX{´¯n\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. BÄ {Xn]pc ssSKÀt^mgvkv (ATTF) {Xn]pcbpsS kzmX{´y¯n\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ asämcp Xo{hhmZn {Kq¸mWv. \mjW tkmjyenÌv Iu¬kn Hm^v \mKmem³Uv (NSCN)1980 apX \mKmem³Unsâ kzmX{´y¯n\mbn {]hÀ¯\w XpS§n. ]o¸nÄkv hmÀ {Kq¸v (PWG)hn¹h¯n IqSn kzmX{´yhpw \oXnbpw t\SpI F¶ e£yt¯msS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. 1972þ Bcw`n¨ amthmbnÌv IayqWnÌv skâÀ (MCC) kmbp[ hn¹h¯neqsS kzmX{´yw t\Sm³ {ian¡p¶p. _olmdn ]n.U»yp. Pn, c¬hoÀ tk\ Chbpw kmbp[ Iem]w \S¯p¶p. CXn\p ]pdsa Imivaocnepw aäpw ]m¡nØmsâ ]n´pWtbmsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ At\Iw Xo{hhmZn {Kq¸pIfpapWvSv.
C¶p temIs¯ tNmcbn ap¡ns¡mÃp¶ BtKmf `oIc {Kq¸pIÄ \nch[nbpWvSv. CÉmanIv PnlmZv e£yam¡n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ Cu kwLS\IÄ C´ysbbpw t\m«an«ncn¡p¶p. F®¸W¯n IqSn kwLSnX kmbp[iànbmbn amdnbncn¡p¶ Cu kwLS\IfnÂ\n¶pw ]uc·mcpsS Poh\pw kz¯n\pw kwc£Ww \ÂIm³ C´ym Kh¬saâv Xo{h{ia¯nemWv. hnhn[ kwØm\§fn Hfnt¸mÀ \S¯p¶ \Ivksseävþ amthmbnÌv {Kq¸pIÄ¡v ASn¨aÀ¯s¸« ZfnXvþ BZnhmkn {Kq¸pIfpsS Dd¨ ]n´pWbpWvSv. kzmX{´yw In«n 50 kwhÕc§Ä ]n¶n«n«pw Cu hn`mK§Ä C¶pw ZpcnX¡b¯nÂXs¶. Hcp XpWvSp`qan kz´ambnÃmsX, DSp¡m\pw D®m\psam¶panÃmsX \cIbmX\ A\p`hn¡p¶ Cu ASn¨aÀ¯s¸«hÀ¡p \oXn \ÂImsX Bbp[iànsImWvSv ASn¨aÀ¯m\mInÃ. FÃm Xo{hhmZn{Kq¸pIfpambpw apJmapJw NÀ¨ \S¯n AhcpsS kvt\lhnizmkw t\Sm\mbnsæn Cu Xo{hhmZn {Kq¸pIÄ C´ybv¡v F¶pw XethZ\bmbncn¡pw.
imkv{Xkmt¦XnI cwK¯v CµncbnÃm¯ 25 hÀjw \½Ä t\SnsbSp¯ AZv`qXmhlamb t\«w F{Xtbm Xnf¡amÀ¶XmWv. N{µbm\n IqSn C´y temIs¯ A¼c¸n¨ncn¡p¶p. A©phÀj§Ä¡pÅn N{µ\n a\pjys\ F¯n¡pIbmWv ASp¯ e£yw. N{µ\n shÅw IsWvS¯nb N{µbm³ ZuXy¯n IqSn C´y imkv{Xþkmt¦XnI cwK¯v h³IpXn¨p Nm«amWp \S¯ns¡mWvSncn¡p¶Xv.
{]Xntcm[cwK¯v C¶v C´y temIcmjv{S§fn A©mw Øm\¯mWv. ap³ {]knUâv A_vZpÄIemw XpS¡an« anssk ]²XnIÄ \½psS {]Xntcm[cwK¯n\v BthiIcamb ]p¯³ DWÀhp \ÂInbncn¡p¶p.
1980þ XpS¡w Ipdn¨ BtKmfh¡cWs¯ C´y cWvSpssIbpw \o«n kzmKXw sNbvXp. C¶p temI¯nse Hä cmPy¯n\pw km¼¯nIcwK¯v s]mXp[mcbnÂ\n¶pw Häs¸«p \n¡m\mhnÃ. tkmjyenkw shSnª IayqWnÌv ssN\ BtKmfh¡cW¯nsâ hàmhmbn amdn¡gnªpsh¦n tkmjyenkw F¶ N¯ IpXnc¸pd¯v C´y¡v F§s\ apt¶dm³ Ignbpw? kzImcyh¡cWw sam¯¯nseSp¯m C´y¡v tIm«§sf¡mÄ F{Xtbm t\«§Ä \ÂInbncn¡p¶p. 110 tImSn `mcX ]uc·mÀ¡p ap¶n sXmgnehkc§fpsS A£bJ\n BtKmfh¡cWw Xpd¶psImSp¯ncn¡p¶p.
BtKmfkm¼¯nI XIÀ¨bnepw Cu \S¸phÀjw BdpiXam\w hfÀ¨ t\Sm\mb C´ysb C¶v AkqbmZrjvSntbmsSbmWp temIw t\m¡n¡mWp¶Xv.
C´ybpsS Akqbmhlamb hfÀ¨sb Bi¦tbmsS ho£n¡p¶ ssN\ Hfnªpw sXfnªpw C´ys¡Xntc {]hÀ¯n¨p XpS§nbncn¡p¶Xv Hcp ZpÀe£WamWv. AcpWmN {]tZin ssN\ \S¯p¶ \ni_vZ ssItbäw ASp¯ `mhnbn h³kwLÀjambn amdntb¡mw. {]Xntcm[ cwK¯v C´ytb¡mÄ ap¶n \n¡p¶ ssN\ F¶pw \ap¡p h³`ojWnbmWv. ImivaoÀ {]iv\¯n ]m¡nØm\v Xpd¶ ]n´pW \ÂIn XpS§nbncn¡p¶ ssN\bpsS e£yw C´ybpsS XIÀ¨bmWv. ASp¯Ime¯v ]pd¯ph¶ ssN\bpsS clky\o¡§sf¸änbpÅ tcJIfn C´ysb A©mbn hn`Pn¡m\pÅ kz]v\¯nemWv ssN\. kaÀ°amb \bX{´\o¡§fn IqSn ssN\bpambn A\pcRvP\w \S¯m\pÅ \o¡w ASnb´cambn \½Ä XpSt§WvSnbncn¡p¶p.
AanXhpw A\nb{´nXhpamb kzImcyh¡cWw B]¯msW¶v Atacn¡bnse km¼¯nIamµyw temI¯n\p ImWn¨psImSp¯ncn¡p¶p. Ignª \mephÀj§Ä¡pÅn AhnsS s]mfnªp ]mfokmbXv 106 h³InS _m¦pIfmWv. ]t£ BtKmfkm¼¯nI amµyw C´ysb De¨nÃ. CXnsâ ImcWw tI{µKh¬saânsâ kq£va \nco£W¯n\p hnt[bamb C´y³ _m¦nwKv kwhn[m\amWv. CXv FÃm km¼¯nI hnZKv[cpw AwKoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. ISnªmWnÃm¯ tImÀ¸tdäv k¼ZvhyhØnXn cmPys¯ GXhkc¯nepw tZmjIcambn _m[nt¨¡msa¶ kXyw F¶pw a\Ên kq£n¡Ww.
s\lvdp IpSpw_¯nse Ct§bäs¯ I®nbmb cmlp C´y³ cmjv{Sob¯nse ]p¯³XmtcmZbamWv. shdpw Hcp tNmt¢äv ]¿³ F¶p IcpXnbncp¶ cmlp KmÔn C¶v cmjv{S¯nsâbmIam\ {i²mtI{µambn amdnbncn¡p¶p. \nÈ_vZamb cmjv{Sob\o¡§fn IqSn tIm¬{Kkns\ ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡m\pÅ cmlpensâ {iaw ^ew IWvSpXpS§nbncn¡p¶p. C´y {]Xo£tbmsS Däpt\m¡p¶ GI cmjv{SobXmcw cmlpÂKmÔn am{XamWv. C´ybnse bphXeapdbpsS BthiPzmebmbn s\lvdp IpSpw_¯nse Cu ]pXnb I®n amdn¡gnªpsh¶Xn cmjv{Sob i{Xp¡Ä¡pt]mepw C¶p kwibanÃ. A[nImc¯nsâ kncmtI{µhpambn Dä_ÔapÅ Cu bpht\Xmhns\Xntc {]Xn]£§Ä¡v Bbp[am¡mhp¶ H¶pw cmlp \ÂIp¶nsöpÅXmWv Cu sNdp¸¡mcsâ alXzw. C¶pw \nÊlmbamb C´y³ {KmaoW taJebpsS hnIk\w kz]v\w ImWp¶ cmlp ]nXmhmb cmPohnsâ AtX]mX Xs¶bmWp ]n´pScp¶Xv.
C´ybpsS aqe¡Ãpw AkvXnhmchpw atXXcXz¯nemWv ASnbpd¨p \n¡p¶Xv. C´y³ \mjW tIm¬{Kknsâ ASnØm\ ap{ZmhmIy§fnsem¶v atXXcXzamWv. KmÔnPn ImWn¨pX¶ cmP]mXbmWXv. kzX{´`mcX¯nsâ 62 hÀjs¯ Ncn{X¯n atXXcXz¯nsâ Cu AkvXnhmc¯n\p XIÀ¨ kw`hn¡mXncn¡m³ tIm¬{Kkv ]mÀ«n {ian¨p. C´ybnse alm`qcn]£w hcp¶ sslµh P\Xbn Gdnbm Hcp ]Xn\©piXam\samgn¨m _m¡n 85%hpw aXkulmÀ±¯nepw aXklnjvWpXbnepw hnizkn¡p¶hcmWv. Häs¸« hÀ¤obelfIÄ DWvSmIp¶psWvS¦nepw AsXms¡ {]mtZinI ImcW§Ä sImWvSp kw`hn¡p¶XmWv. tIm¬{Kknsâ Cu atXXcXzamWv tIm¬{Kkns\ C´y³ P\XbpsS BimtI{µam¡p¶Xpw. Cµncbv¡ptijapÅ 25 hÀj§fn tIm¬{Kkv atXXcXz¯nÂ\n¶pw AWphnS hyXnNen¨n«nÃ. s\lvdp, Cµnc XpS§nb t\Xm¡fpsS atXXcXz k¦ev]amWv tIm¬{Kkns\ hgnIm«p¶ Zo]kvXw`w.
CµncmKmÔn I¯n¨ph¨ Xncnsb Xo¸´am¡m³ Ignª Ccp]¯©phÀjw sImWvSv C´y¡p km[n¨ncn¡p¶p. {]iv\§Ä At\Iw. ]t£, {]iv\§Ä¡p {]Xnhn[n IsWvS¯m\pÅ DuÀÖw AXniàwþ AXmWv C´ybpsS CµncbnÃm¯ Ccp]¯phÀjs¯ _me³kvjoän BsI sXfnªp ImWp¶Xv.