tbiphnsâ D°m\Znhkw AhnSps¯ Xncphkv{Xw IÃdbn InS¡p¶Xv ]t{Xmkpw tbml¶m\pw IWvSpsh¶pÅXv XÀ¡aä kwKXnbmWv. A¸kvtXme·mÀ AXv F´p sNbvXpsh¶ tNmZyw DZn¡p¶pWvSv. blqZÀ¡v arXtcmS\p_Ôn¨sX´pw {]tXyIn¨v càw ]pcWvS hkv{Xw hfsc Aip²amWv. F¦nepw a\pjy\mbn AhXcn¨ ssZh¯nsâ `uXnImhinjvSw hfsc {i²tbmSpIqSn kq£n¨nÃmsb¶p hnizkn¡m\mhnÃ. am{XaÃ, hfsc IcpXtemsS AXp Hfn¸n¨ncp¶psh¶v Nn´n¡m³ \mw \nÀ_ÔnXcmIp¶p. k`sb ]oUn¸n¨psImWvSncp¶hÀ AXp \in¸n¡mXncn¡m³ {i²nt¡WvSnbncp¶p. {InkvXym\nIfpsS hW¡¯n\pthWvSn AXv {]XnjvTn¨ncn¡m³ km[yXbnÃ. ImcWw Ipcnins\¸än Gsd ZpjvIoÀ¯n bpWvSmbncp¶ ]pcmX\Ime¯v càw]pcWvS I¨ Ahsc `bhnlecm¡pw! F.Un. 13þmw \qämtWvSmSpIqSn am{XamWv tbiphnsâ ]oUmkl\t¯mSpÅ `àn BhnÀ`hn¡p¶Xv.
BZy\qämWvSpIfn Xncp¡¨ Pdqkteanembncn¡m\mWsÃm km[yX. AXn\ptijw FhnsSbmbncp¶p clkyambn kq£n¨ncp¶sX¶v AdnhnÃ. F.Un. 544þ hfsc Akm[mcWhpw a\pjyIc§fm \nÀ½nXaÃm¯Xpamb Hcp {]Xncq]w (Image) FtZÊmbn tISpIqSmsX kq£n¡s¸«ncp¶p. ]e ]ÞnX·mcpw CXv Xncp¡¨bnteXmbn Xncn¨dnªp. apJw am{Xw ZriyamIm¯hn[w I¨ aS¡nbncp¶p.
F.Un. 944þ Xncp¡¨ tIm¬Ìmânt\m¸nfnte¡p sImWvSph¶p. AhnsS apJw am{XaÃ, icocw apgph\pw ImW¯¡Xpt]mse I¨ Xpd¶p. F.Un. 436þ _pÄt¡dnbm (Bulcharia) N{IhÀ¯n\n tIm¬Ìmânt\m¸nfnse skâv tacokv _Én¡ ]Wn Ign¸n¨psh¶pw tbiphnsâ arXicocw s]mXnªncp¶ Xncp¡¨ AhnsS kq£n¨ncp¶psh¶pw ss\knt^mdnkv IÃnÌkv (Nicephoris CalliTus) FgpXnbn«pWvSv.
F.Un. 1147þ {^m³knse cmPmhv fqbnkv Ggma³ tIm¬Ìmânt\m¸nÄ kµÀin¡pIbpw Xncp¡¨ hW§pIbpw sNbvXp. F.Un. 1204þ \memw Ipcnipbp²Ime¯v tIm¬Ìmânt\m¸nfn IÀ¯mhnsâ Xncp¡¨ IWvSpsh¶v Ipcnipbp²¡mÀ km£yw FgpXnh¨n«pWvSv.
F.Un. 1349 hsc _nkm³ tkmWn skâv F¯nb³ (St. Etienne) I¯o{Uen Xncp¡¨ hW§nbncp¶Xmbn FgpXs¸«ncn¡p¶p. 1349þ I¯o{U Aán¡ncbmbt¸mÄ Xncp¡¨ hoWvSpw A{]Xy£ambn.
F.Un. 1353þ Xncp¡¨ {^m³kn ensd (LIrey) F¶ Øe¯p {]Xy£s¸«p. ^nen¸v Bdma³ cmPmhn \n¶pw Xncp¡¨ tPm^vdn sZ jmÀ\n (Geoffroy De CHarny) {]`phn\p In«n. Xncp¡¨bpsS Ahkm\s¯ DSa amÀKcäv ssZ jmÀ\nbmbncp¶p. 1452þ ensdbnse "Im\³kv' (CANoNs) AhtcmSv Xncp¡¨ Xncn¨psImSp¡m³ Bhiys¸«p. AXn\mbn _nkm³ tkmWnsebpw t{Smbnsebpw A[nImcnIfpsS ap¼msI AhÀ hnfn¡s¸«p. F¶m amÀKcäv sZ jmÀ\n AXn\p k½Xn¨nÃ. AhÀ AXv kmthmbn {]`p fqbnknsâ `mcy B³ sZ eqkntKmWn\v (Anne de Lusignon) k½m\ambn sImSp¯p. A§s\ Xncp¡¨ kmt]mbn {]`phnsâ kz´ambn. 1453þ At±lw AXv ensdbn \n¶pw Xsâ A[o\XbnepÅ tZi¯nsâ XeØm\amb jmws_dn (Chambery) bnte¡p amän.
t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸mbpsS Ime¯mWv Xncp¡¨ jmws_dnbn F¯p¶Xv. At±lw AXv 12 AwK§fpÅ sdKpeÀIm\³knsâ (Regular Canons) Øm]\t¯mS\p_Ôs¸« Nm¸en Øm]n¨p. Xncp¡¨bpsS kq£n¸n\mbn tKmYnIv amXrI (Gothic Style) bn ]Wnbs¸« Cu Nm¸en\v knIvÌkv \mema³ amÀ]m¸m "hnip² Nm¸Â' (Holy Chapel) F¶ t]cp sImSp¯p. cPX\nÀ½nXamb Hcp s]m«nbn kq£n¨ncp¶ Xncp¡¨ Nm¸ensâ km{InÌnbpsS `n¯n¡pÅnÂh¨v IÂ`n¯n¡p ]pdsa Hm¡pXSnsImWvSpÅ Hcp ]mfnbpw ]nSn¸n¨p. 1506þ Pqenbkv cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸m Hcp IpÀ_m\ A\phZn¨p. Xncp¡¨bv¡v {]tXyIambn Hcp Hm^okpw {]hÀ¯\amcw`n¨p.
1532 Unkw_À aq¶n\pw \men\pw CSbv¡pÅ cm{Xnbn Nm¸en\v Xo ]nSn¨p. Xncphkv{Xw kq£n¨ncp¶ s]«nbpsS Hcp hiw Np«p]gp¯p. s]«nbpsS AS¸n \n¶pw Hcp teml¡jWw DcpInhoWv Xncphkv{X¯nsâ ]e aS¡pIfpw XpfªpIbdn. F¶m Xncp¡¨ I¯n \in¨nÃ. I¨bpsS a[y`mK¯pÅ ASbmf§Ä IgnªpÅ Øe¯p am{Xw s]mÅteäv cWvSp XpfbpWvSmbn. I¨ ]cntim[n¨v AXns\¸än Hcp HutZymKnIhnhcWw FgpXnbn«pWvSm¡nbXv jmw_dnbnepÅ Poor Claires F¶ k\ymkn\nIfmWv. 1534 G{]n 15 apX tabv 2 hscbpÅ Znhk§fn Xncp¡¨bpsS `mK§Ä Cu k\ymkn\nIÄ Xp¶n¸nSn¸n¨p. AXv Xncp¡¨bn C¶pw ZriyamWv.
1578 sk]väw_À 14þ\v F½m\pth ^nen_À«v {]`p (Duke Emmanuel Philibert) Xncp¡¨ Spdn\nte¡p amän. CXn\v {]tXyI ImcWapWvSv. anem\nse BÀ¨p_nj]v NmÄkv s_mtdmantbm 1576 se t¹Kp_m[bpsS kab¯v anem\n \n¶pw jmws_dn hsc ImÂ\Sbmbn t]mbn Xncp¡¨ hW§msa¶v t\À¶ncp¶p. t\À¨{]ImcapÅ At±l¯nsâ \S¸nsâ Zqcw Ipdbv¡m³ thWvSnbmWv ^nen_À«v {]`p Sqdn\nte¡p Xncp¡¨ amänbXv.
Xsâ ihkwkvImc¯n\mbn kw`cn¨ncp¶ ]WwsImWvSv Xncp¡¨bv¡v Spdn\n Hcp Nm¸Â ]WnbWsa¶v Uyq¡v C½m\pth Iev]n¨ncp¶p. 1557  ]Wn Bcw`n¨p. 1694 Pq¬ H¶n\v ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbmbn. skâv tPm¬kv I¯o{Uent\mSp tNÀ¶pÅ Nm¸en Xncp¡¨ {]XnjvTn¨p.
kmthmbn `h\¯nsâ A\phmZ{]Imcw am{Xw Xncp¡¨ {]ZÀi\w kwLSn¸n¨ncp¶p. kmaqlyhpw aX]chpamb \nch[n BtLmj§fpsS ]Ým¯e¯n Spdn\n Hcp A´Àt±iob {]ZÀi\w DWvSmbncp¶p. Cu Ahkc¯nemWv Xncp¡¨bpsS BZys]mXp{]ZÀi\w \S¶Xv. CXv 1898 tabv 25 apX Pq¬ 2 hscbmbncp¶p. Xncp¡¨bpsS BZys¯ t^mt«m FSp¯Xv Cu {]ZÀi\¯nemWv. CXn\v kmthmbn `h\w NpaXes¸Sp¯nbXv Second pia F¶ hnZKv[s\bmWv.
1931þ Pied mont se cmPIpamc\pw _ÂPnb¯nse cmPIpamcn acnb tPmkpw X½nepÅ hnhmlt¯mS\p_Ôn¨v tabv aq¶p apX 24 hsc \oWvSp\n¶ {]ZÀi\w \S¶p. Cu {]ZÀi\¯nemWv Cav. guesppe Enrie XncpapJ¯nsâ t^mt«msbSp¯Xv. Xncp¡¨bn \ns¶Sp¯ t^mt«mIfn Gähpw {][m\s¸«XmWnXv.
1933þ {InkvXp a\pjyc£t\Snbn«v 19 \qämWvSp XnIbp¶ hnip²hÀj¯n ]cnip² ]nXmhv ]obqkv ]{´WvSmasâ B{Kl{]Imcw Xncp¡¨bpsS aq¶mas¯ {]ZÀi\w \S¶p. Xncp¡¨sb¸än IqSpX ]Tn¡m\pw KthjWw \S¯m\papÅ t{]cIiàn hÀ²n¡m³ Cu {]ZÀi\w CSbm¡n.
1936 sk]väw_À A©n\v ]bkv ]Xns\m¶ma³ amÀ]m¸m, t]msebnepÅ amXmhnsâ XoÀ°mS\tI{µ¯n t]mbn hcnIbmbncp¶ Im¯enIv B£³ kwLS\bnse bphP\§sf kzoIcn¨p. HmÀ½bv¡mbn amXmhnsâ XncpkpXsâ ]Sw F¶p ]dªv Xncp¡¨bnse XncpapJ¯nsâ ]S§fmWv AhÀ¡p sImSp¯Xv. ""It is not a human work'' he declared (Osservatore Romano p. 78, Sept 1936)
cWvSmwtemIalmbp²Ime¯v Xncp¡¨bv¡v {]tXyIkwc£Ww sImSpt¡WvSXn\m Z£nW Cäenbnse tamtWvSshÀPn³ (Montevergine) F¶ Øes¯ _\UnIvS³ B{ia¯nte¡p amän. 1939 sk]väw_À 25 apX 1946 HIvtSm_À 29 hsc Xncp¡¨ _\UnIvsS³ B{ia¯n clkyambn kq£n¨ncp¶p. Xncp¡¨ kpc£nXambn Im¯Xn\p {]Xn^eambn Hcp {lkz{]ZÀi\w ImÀUn\ s^mkmän A\phZn¨p. 1946 HIvtSm_À 31þ\v Xncp¡¨ Spdn\nte¡p sImWvSph¶p.
1969 Pq¬ 16 apX 18 hscbpÅ Znhk§fn Xncp¡¨bpsS HutZymKnI]cntim[\ \S¶p. G.B. judica CardiGlia Cu Ahkc¯n ]e hnZKv[ coXnIfn A\h[n t^mt«mIÄ FSp¯p.
1973þ Xncp¡¨bpsS BZys¯ sSehnj³ {]ZÀi\w \S¶p. Xncp¡¨bpsS hniZmwi§Ä a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\v ]e Xc¯nepÅ KthjW§Ä \S¯p¶Xn\mhiyamb sNdnb Awi§Ä (Samples) tiJcn¨p.
Xncp¡¨bpsS Ncn{X¯n Gähpw ZoÀLamb {]ZÀi\w \S¶Xv 1978 emWv. HmKÌv 26 apX HIvtSm_À F«phsc 43 Znhkw \oWvSp\n¶ Cu {]ZÀi\¯n temI¯nsâ \m\m`mK§fn \n¶pambn 30 e£w XoÀ°mSIÀ Sqdn\nse¯pIbpw Xncp¡¨ hW§pIbpw sNbvXp.
1980þ tPm¬ t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸m Spdn\nse¯nb Ahkc¯n Xncp¡¨bpsS Hcp kzImcy{]ZÀi\w \S¶p. Xncp¡¨bpsS hniZmwi§Ä tam¬. Caramello amÀ]m¸msb NqWvSn¡mWn¡p¶ t^mt«mbpw amÀ]m¸m Xncp¡¨ Npw_n¡p¶ t^mt«mbpw Cu Ahkc¯n FSp¯p.
Xncp¡¨bpsS DSaØX kmthmbn `h\¯n \n¶pw ]cnip² knwlmk\¯nte¡p ssIamdnb Ncn{Xkw`hw 1983þ \S¶p. 1453 apX 1983  Umberto cWvSma³ cmPmhnsâ acWw (amÀ¨v 18, 1983) hsc 530 hÀjw Xncp¡¨ kmthmbn `h\¯nsâ kz´ambncp¶p. cmPmhnsâ hn¸{X{]ImcamWv Xncp¡¨bpsS DSaØmhImiw ]cnip²knwlmk\¯n\p e`n¨Xv. CXp kw_Ôn¨pÅ HutZymKnItcJbpsS H¸phbv¡Â 1893 HIvtSm_À 18þmw XobXnbmbncp¶p.
1992þ Xncp¡¨bpsS sa¨s¸« kwc£Ww \S¯p¶Xn\v hnZKv[sc £Wn¨phcp¯n sk]väw_À Ggn\v Hcp {]ZÀi\w \S¶p. hyàn]camb KthjW§Ä¡mhiyamb t^mt«mIÄ FSp¯Xv Nicola Pisano BWv.
1993þ Nm¸ensâ AäIpä¸WnIÄ sNt¿WvSnbncp¶Xn\m XmÂImenIambn I¯o{Uen AįmcbpsS ]n¶nembn Hcp _pÅäv {]q^v ¥mkv sIbvkn (Bullet Proof Glass case)  Xncp¡¨ kq£n¨p.
1997 G{]n 11 \pw 12 \pw CSbv¡pÅ cm{Xnbn Xncp¡¨bpsS Nm¸en\v henb Aán_m[bpWvSmbXv I¯o{Uen Xncp¡¨ kq£n¨ncp¶ Øe¯n\p `ojWnbmbn. Aánia\ kwLw _pÅäv {]q^v sIbvkv s]m«n¨v Xncp¡¨ kpc£nXØm\t¯¡p amän. A§s\ aq¶mas¯ Aán_m[bn \n¶pw Xncp¡¨ kwc£n¡s¸«p.
1998þ Xncp¡¨bpsS Hcp {]ZÀi\w \S¶p. km[mcWbmbn ]¯phÀj¯nsemcn¡emWv s]mXp{]ZÀi\sa¦nepw almPq_nen hÀjw {]amWn¨v Hcp {]ZÀi\apWvSmbncp¶p. 2010þse {]ZÀi\w G{]n 10þ\v Bcw`n¨p. tabv 23 hsc {]ZÀi\w DWvSmbncn¡pw.
Xncp¡¨bpsS s]cp¶mÄ tabv amkw \memw XobXnbmWv entbm ]¯ma³ amÀ]m¸mbmWv Xncp\mfmNcWw kmthmbn apgph\pw \S¸m¡nbXv. {KnKdn 12þma³ amÀ]m¸m Xncp\mfmNcWw ]nUvtamWvSnte¡pw hym]n¸n¡pIbpw XoÀ°mSIÀ¡v ]qÀ®ZÞhntamN\w {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
{]ZÀi\w {]amWn¨v P\e£§Ä Spdn\ntes¡mgpIp¶p. kphntij¯nse hnhcW§tfmSp tNÀ¶pt]mIp¶ khntijXIsfÃmw Xncp¡¨bn ZÀin¡mw. {InkvXphnsâ XncpapJZÀi\w a\pjylrZb§sf amän adn¡m³ t]mcp¶XmWv. {InkvXphnsâ c£mIcclkys¯¸än Nn´n¡m\pw, ]Tn¡m\pw, [ym\n¡m\pw Xncp¡¨ {]tNmZ\amIp¶p. {InkvXphnsâ càamWv a\pjyc£ km[yam¡nbXv. Spdn³ I¨, a\pjy\mbn ]nd¶ ssZh¯nsâ càw ]pcWvS Xncp¡¨bmsW¶v \mw hnizkn¡pt¼mÄ AXv PohnX]cnhÀ¯\¯nte¡pw, henb {]Xymibnte¡pw \s½ \bn¡psa¶Xn kwibanÃ. kphntij¯nse hnhcW§tfmSp tNÀ¶pt]mIp¶ khntijXIsfÃmw Xncp¡¨bn ZriyamWv.