CutimbpsS a\pjymhXmcwt]mse ssZhhN\¯nsâ a\pjymhXmcamWv hnip²{KÙw. ssZh¯nsâ hm¡v a\pjy`mjbn AhXcn¡pIbmWv ssZhhN\¯nÂ. {KÙIÀ¯mhv ]dbm³ Dt±in¨sX´mWv F¶p a\Ênem¡m\mWsÃm hymJym\w. hnip²{KÙw hnizmk¯nsâ ]pkvXIamIbm Cu hymJym\w IqSntb Xocq. ]pkvXI¯nsâ cN\bpw AXp hmbn¡p¶ \½fpw X½n Ccp]Xp\qämWvSpIfpsS AIeapWvSv. ]pXnb\nbaw a[y[cWymgn¡p Npäpw A¡me¯p \nehnencp¶ PohnXkmlNcy§fpw kwkvImchpamWv {]Xn^en¸n¡p¶Xv. A¡mes¯ kaql¯nsâ LS\, cmjv{Sob kwhn[m\§Ä, tdmamkm{amPyhpw bh\kwkv¡mchpw, aX]camb ]Ýmew, temIk¦ev]w F¶nhsbÃmw ]pXnb \nba¯n IS¶phcp¶pWvSv. hymJym\w IqSmsX hnip²{KÙw F§s\ a\Ênem¡m\mhpsa¶v FtXym]ym cmÚnbpsS `WvUmchnNmcn¸pImc³ tNmZn¡p¶Xp {it²bamWv. (8, 31)
_n.kn. 63þ ]mekvXo\mbn tdma³ kzm[o\w Bcw`n¡p¶XpapX tdmamkm{amPyw F.Un. 135 blqZ FXnÀ¸nsâ Ahkm\kv^penwKs¯bpw sISp¯p¶XphscbpÅ ImeL«amWv ]pXnb\nb ImeL«ambn ]WvUnX·mÀ IcpXp¶Xv. ]pXnb\nba kw`h§sfÃmw Cu Ime]cn[n¡pÅnemWv Act§dnbXv.
km{amPy¯nsâ hnZqc{]tZiamb ]mekvXo\mbn CutimaninlmbpsS D°m\t¯msS kamcw`n¨ t{]jnX{]hÀ¯\w km{amPymXnÀ¯nIfnte¡p hfcpIbpw hnhn[ P\XIsfbpw kwkvImc§sfbpw tbipktµi¯nsâ kÀÆmtÇjIamb XWen H¶n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ISpIpaWnbmbn hnXbv¡s¸«v h³acambn hfÀ¶ kphntijhym]\¯nsâ IY ]pXnb\nba¯n Xs¶ImWmw. a\pjyNcn{X¯nsâ Xs¶ XpS¡w apX HSp¡w hscbpÅ kw`h]c¼cIÄ ]pXnb\nba¯n DÄs¸«n«pWvSv.]gb\nba¯nse BZys¯ Ncn{X]pcpj\mb A{_ml¯nemWv a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw XpS§p¶Xv (Cutim aninlmbpsS hwimhen hnhcW¯nÂ). ]pXnb\nbaw Ahkm\n¡p¶XmIs« Xn·bpsSbpw temI¯nsâbpw ta ssZhw t\Sp¶ bpKm´yhnPbhpw AhnSp¶p \S¸m¡p¶ ]pXnb BImihpw ]pXnb `panbpw hnhcn¨psImWvSpw.
]pXnb \nbaw hyXykvX hen¸apÅ 27 cN\IfpsS kamlmcamWv. Hcp {KÙaÃ, Hcp {KÙimebmWXv.kphntijw. \S]Sn, teJ\w (I¯v).shfn]mSv F¶o \mep kmlnXycp]§fmbn Ahsb Xncn¡mw. hyXykvX Fgp¯pImÀ hn`n¶ kmlNcy§fn hyXykvX hmb\¡mÀ¡pthWvSn FgpXnbXmWh. Ahsb X½n _Ôn¸n¡p¶ s]mXpLSIw CutimaninlmbmWv. Hmtcm ]pkvXI¯nsâbpw ktµiw a\Ênem¡phm³ AXnsâ cN\mkmlNcyw AdntbWvSXpWvSv. BscgpXn, F´ns\gpXn, Fs´gpXn, BÀ¡pthWvSn FgpXn, cNbnXmhv D]tbmKn¨ t{kmXÊpIÄ Gh apXemb \nch[n tNmZy§Ä¡v D¯cw IsWvS¯nbmte Ignbq. cNbnXmhnsâ `mjmssien, temIk¦ev]w, PohnX ho£Ww apXembhbpw Adnªncn¡p¶Xv D¯aamWv.
Ct¸mÄ hnip²{KÙ¯nsâ BapJ]T\w Xs¶ ss__nÄ hnPmRm\ob¯nse Hcp imkv{XimJbmbn¯oÀ¶n«pWvSv. Hmtcm ss__nÄ IrXnbpsSbpw hymJym\¯n\v klmbIamIp¶ hn[¯n hnhn[ hnÚm\imJIÄ kwtbmPn¸n¨mWv Ct¸mÄ KthjW§Ä \S¡p¶Xv. DZmlcWambn Hmtcm tdma³N{IhÀ¯nbpsSbpw ImeL«s¯¸änam{Xw ]WvUnX·mÀ ]T\§Ä ]pd¯nd¡nbn«pWvSv. tdmamkm{amPyw, blqZaXtemIw, bh\ ]mÝm¯e¯n hfÀ¶ph¶ blqZaXw, blqZdºnamcpw AhcpsS IrXnIfpw, bh\kmwkvImcnItemIw (Hellenism), H¶mw\qämWvSnse clkyaX§fpw Úm\hmZhpw, ]pcmhkvXp]camb IsWvS¯epIÄ F¶n§s\ hnhn[ hnjb§sf kw_Ôn¨ ]T\§Ä D]tbmKs¸Sp¯nam{Xta C¶v Hcp ]pXnb\nba hymJym\w cNn¡m³ ]äq.
C¸dªhsbÃmw ]Ým¯e ]T\§fmWv. hnip²{KÙwkPohamb A£c§fpsSbpw `mjbpsSbpw ]pkvXIwIqSnbmWtÃm. AXpsImWvSv `mjsb A]{KYn¨m am{Xta AÀ°w {Kln¡m\mIq. AXn\mbn aqe`mjbnepÅ ]mTw IrXyambn AdntbWvSXpWvSv. ssIsbgp¯p{]XnIfpsS _mlpeyhpw Ah X½nepÅ hyXymk§fpw IW¡nseSp¯v ]mT\nÀ®bw \S¯nthWw hymJym\¯nte¡p ImÂIp¯m³. thZ]pkvXI¯nsâ XÀÖaIfmWsÃm C¶v FÃmhcpw hmbn¡p¶Xv. AÀ°timjWw hcm¯Xpw hmb\¡mÀ¡p kp{Klhpamb hnhÀ¯\w AXy´mt]£nXamWv. aqe`mjbnepÅ ]cnÚm\hpw Hcp hymJymXmhn\p IqSntb Xocq F¶À°w.
]pkvXI¯nsâ DÅnte¡p IS¡pt¼mgmWv hmb\¡mc³ AXnsâ hm¡pIfpambn IWvSpap«p¶Xv. A£c§fpw hm¡pIfpw bpàn]qÀÆwIqSnt¨cpt¼mfmWv kmlnXyw cq]wsImffpI. kmlnXyNcn{X¯n e_v[{]XnjvT t\Snbn«pÅ kt¦X§fpw k{¼Zmb§fpapWvSv. Ahbn GsXms¡bmWv Hcp cNbnXmhv D]tbmKs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅsX¶p IsWvS¯Ww. A§s\ ]pkvXI¯nsâ kmlnXycq]w IsWvS¯nbm hmb\ IqSpX Ffp¸ambn. "kphntijw ss{IkvXhcmb Fgp¯pImcpsS Hcp IWvSp]nSp¯ambncp¶p: F¶m skâv t]mÄ FgpXnbXpt]mepÅ I¯pIÄ (s]mXphpw kzImcyhpw) ~H¶mw \qämWvSn {]Nmc¯nencp¶hbmWv. CutimbpsS hm¡pIfn Úm\kmlnXy]camb kqànIfpw IYIfpw {]mÀ°\Ifpw DÄs¸Sp¶pWvSsÃm. AXpt]mse asämcp {]tXyI kmlnXycq]amWv shfn]mSv.
Hmtcm ]mT¯n\pw Hmtcm hnImk, ]cnWmaIYbpWvSv. B Ncn{Xw IsWvS¯p¶Xv B ]mT¯nsâ aqekmlNcyw a\Ênem¡m³ klmbn¡pw. a¯mbn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ HcÛpXw hmsamgnbmbn {]Ncn¨XmImw. AXsæn AÛpX§fpsS Hcp hcsamgn kamlmc¯nÂ\n¶pw In«nbXmImw. a¯mbn HmÀ½bn \n¶p ]IÀ¯nbXmImw. Ncn{X\ncq]Ww At\zjn¡p¶Xv C¡mcyamWv. F´mbncp¶p Hcp ]mT¯nsâ aqecq]w? Ct¸mÄ \mw hmbn¡p¶ ]mTw a¯mbn FgpXnbt¸mÄ At±lw aqe]mT¯n Fs´¦nepw amä§Ä hcp¯pIbpWvSmtbm? F¦n Ah GsXms¡? F´mbncp¶ B amä§Ä¡pÅ \ymboIcWw? CsXms¡bmWv kwtim[\m Ncn{Xw ]cntim[n¡p¶Xv. \ap¡p ssIh¶ncn¡p¶ ]mT¯nsâ kmlNcyw a\Ênem¡n hymJym\n¡m³ Cu At\zjWw klmbIamIpw.
kwtim[\mNcn{Xhpw Ncn{X\ncq]Whpw XnI¨pw imkv{Xobamb KthjWcoXnIfmWv. kmlnXy kn²m´]camb At\zjW§Ä thsdbpapWvSv. ]mT¯nsâ LS\bpw cq]hpw ssienbpw hnhcWcoXnbpw aäpw ASnØm\am¡n \S¯p¶ hymJym\k{¼Zmb§Ä ]eXmWv. A\pZn\ hmb\bv¡pw [ym\¯n\psam¶pw Cu hniZamb hymJym\¯nsâ BhiyanÃ. ss__nfnsâ B´cmÀ°¯nte¡p IS¶p sNÃm³ B{Kln¡p¶hÀ¡v Ch D]Imcs¸Spsa¶pam{Xw. \nXyPoh³ t\Sm³ F´psN¿Wsa¶ \nbaÚsâ tNmZy¯n\v Cutim \ÂIp¶ D¯cw ""\o F´p hmbn¡p¶p''( eq¡m 10. 26) F¶mWv. hmbn¨p {Kln¡m\mIp¶ ktµiw thZ]pkvXI¯nepWvSv F¶mWsÃm Cutim AÀ°am¡pI. hmkvXh¯n ssZhhN\¯nsâ ktµiw {Kln¡m³ BßmÀ°hpw \njvIf¦hpw XpdhntbmSpIqSnbXpamb [ym\amWv Bhiyw. C¯c¯nepÅ hmb\bpw [ym\hpw AhmNyamb B[ymßnI ^e§Ä Dfhm¡pw; PohnX\hoIcW¯n\pw km£y¯n\pw klmbIamIpIbpw sN¿pw.