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tam¬.Cu\mkv
Häs¯§p¦Âv |
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Bcpw
h©n¡s¸SmXncn¡m³
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tPymXnjhpw
tPymXnimkv{Xhpw hyXykvX]T\imJIfmbn IW¡m¡s¸«ncp¶nÃ.
ImcWw BImi¯nepÅ {Kl§sfbpw \£{X§sfbpw]änbpÅ
\nco£W§fpw ]T\§fpw {][m\ambpw {]hN\mßIhpw
ssZhnIhpamb e£ywh¨pÅXmbncp¶p. bqtdm¸nse
\thm°m\¯n\ptijamWv tPymXnimkv{Xw Hcp {]tXyIimkv{Xhnjbambn
cq]s¸Sp¶Xv.
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]{X¯nÂ
h¶ Hcp hmÀ¯ HmÀa hcp¶p. "sNIp¯msâ
hoSv' F¶mWv hmÀ¯bpsS Xes¡«v. Iment^mÀWnbm
hn©ÌÀ aµncw, Ime¯n\p ap¼nÂ
C¶pw Hcp \nXyhnkvabambn \nesImÅpIbmWv. kmdm hn©ÌÀ
F¶ [\mVy 1884 emWv Cu ]SpIqä³ sI«nSw ]Wn
XpS§nbXv. 1922 sk]väw_À 5þ\v kmdm acn¡p¶XphscbpÅ
38 hÀjw ]WnXn«pw sI«nSw ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbmbnÃ.
CXnsâ ]n¶nsemcp IYbpWvSv. {]apJ tXm¡p\nÀ½mXmhmb
hneyw hnÀ«v hn©Ìdnsâ hn[hbmbncp¶p
kmd. 1866þÂ ChcpsS aIÄ B\n acn¨p. 1881þÂ
`À¯mhpw AImeNcaaSªp.
Cu Zpc´§fpWvSmbXv t{]Xmßm¡fpsS {]hÀ¯\w
sImWvSmsW¶mbncp¶p tPymXnjnIfpsS \nKa\w. hneyw DWvSm¡nb
tXm¡pIfn \n¶pÅ shSntbäv Bbnc¡W¡n\mfpIÄ
acn¨n«psWvS¶pw AhcpsS t{]X§Ä hn©ÌÀ
IpSpw_s¯ D·qe\miw sN¿psa¶pw AhÀ
{]hNn¨p. ASp¯ Cc kmd Bbncn¡pw. CXnÂ\n¶p
c£ t\Sm³ Hä amÀ¤tabpÅp.
B sI«nSw ]WnbpI. ]t£ Hcn¡epw ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbm¡cpXv.
sI«nS¯nsâ ¹m\pw ap³Iqdmbn hcbv¡cpXv.
tPymXnjnIÄ ]dª {]Imcw kmd sI«nSw ]Wn Bcw`n¨p.
Iment^mÀWnbmbnse km³tPm_nepÅ 162 G¡À
FtÌänemWv sI«nSw ]WnXXv. 160 apdnIÄ,
40 InS¸dIÄ, cWvSv \r¯aÞ]§Ä,
17 ASp¡fIÄ hn©ÌÀ aµnc¯nsâ
hniZmwi§Ä C§s\ t]mIp¶p.
hosSm¶p an\p¡nsbSp¡m³ 76000 enäÀ
s]bnâp thWw. A¡mes¯ hoSpIfn CÃmXncp¶
Hcp]mSp kuIcy§Ä hn©ÌÀ aµnc¯nepWvSmbncp¶p.
aq¶v FethädpIÄ, B[p\nIcoXnbnepÅ ¹w_nwKv,
^vfjv Hu«v I¡qkpIÄ, ]pjv_«³ Kymkv
sseäpIÄ, apdn NqSm¡m\pÅ kwhn[m\§Ä
F¶nh Chbn NneXmWv.
13 F¶ A¡t¯mSv kmdbv¡v hÃm¯
{]Xn]¯nbpWvSmbncp¶p. 13 sagpIpXncnIÄ hbv¡m\pÅ
Ìm³UpIÄ, 13 cXv\¡ÃpIÄ ]Xn¨
P\me¡À«\pIÄ, 13 aWnIÄ F¶nh
hn©ÌÀ aµnc¯nsâ {]tXyIXIfmWv.
CXn ]Xnaq¶mas¯ aWn cm{Xn 13þmw aWn¡qdnÂ
(cm{Xn Hcp aWn) 13 XhW apg¡mdpWvSv.
1922þÂ kmd acn¡p¶Xphsc 22.5 aney¬
Atacn¡³ tUmfÀ Cu caylÀay¯n\v sNehmbXmbn«mWv
IW¡v.
Cu sI«nS¯nsâ ]Wn \oWvSp t]mIp¶X\pkcn¨v
kmdbpsS BbpÊpw \ofpsa¶mbncp¶p tPymXnjnIÄ
]dªp [cn¸n¨ncp¶Xv. ]t£, FÃm
{]hN\§sfbpw Akw_Ôam¡ns¡mWvSv Ime³
Ahsc Iogvs¸Sp¯pI Xs¶ sNbvXp.
CXpt]mse sNdpXpw hepXpamb At\I kw`h§Ä \ntXy\ \½psS
kaql¯n \S¡p¶pWvSv. tPymXnj¯nepÅ
a\pjysâ hnizmkw C¶pw kPohamWv. CXn\v ØeImet`ZanÃ.
PmXnaXkwkvImchyXymk§fnÃ. \ncoizchmZnIfpw tPymXnj¯nÂ
hnizkn¡p¶p. Adnhpw hnZym`ymkhpapÅhcpsS CSbnepw
Cu hnizmkw \ne\n¡p¶p. a\pjya\:imkv{Xw Cu hnizmk¯n\v
A\pIqeamWv. AXpsImWvSv, hnZym`ymktam, imkv{X¯nsâ
A`nhr²ntbm Cuizchnizmktam \ncoizchmZtam H¶pw tPymXnj¯n\dpXn
hcp¯psa¶p tXm¶p¶nÃ. a\pjysâ
DXvIWvTbpw BIpeXbpw AkzØXbpw tcmKhpw ]«nWnbpw `bhpsaÃmw
Cu hnizmk¯n\\pIqeamb kmlNcy§fmWv. Cu AhØ \ne\nev¡p¶nSt¯mfw
Imew Cu hnizmk§Ä kaql¯n kPohambncn¡pw.
tPymXnjhpw (Astrology) tPymXnimkv{Xhpw (Astronomy) hyXykvX]T\imJIfmbn
IW¡m¡s¸«ncp¶nÃ. ImcWw BImi¯nepÅ
{Kl§sfbpw \£{X§sfbpw]änbpÅ \nco£W§fpw
]T\§fpw {][m\ambpw {]hN\mßIhpw ssZhnIhpamb e£ywh¨pÅXmbncp¶p.
bqtdm¸nse \thm°m\¯n\ptijamWv tPymXnimkv{Xw Hcp
{]tXyIimkv{Xhnjbambn cq]s¸Sp¶Xv.
BImi¯nepÅ hkvXp¡fpsS {][m\ambpw {Kl§fpsSbpw
\£{X§fpsSbpw Øm\s¯bpw \nesbbpamWv tPymXnjw
]T\hnjbam¡p¶Xv. ChbpsS Øm\{Iahpw \nebpw Cu
temIPohnXs¯ kmcambn _m[n¡pIbpw kzm[o\n¡pIbpw
sN¿psa¶mWv tPymXnjnIÄ AhImis¸Sp¶Xv.
apIfnte¡p t\m¡n XmsgbpÅ Imcy§Ä ImWpI
F¶XmWv coXn. {][m\s¸« tPymXnj]mc¼cy§Ä
thZ]cw, ]mÝmXyw, ssN\okv F¶nhbmWv.
temI¯n kw`hn¡p¶ FÃm¡mcy§fpw
a\pjysâ `mhnbpw \£{X§sf B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶sX¶mWv
tPymXnjw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. a\pjysâ `mhnbpw
\£{X§fpw X½n ImcyImcW_ÔapWvSv.
ChnsS a\pjysâ `mhn \£{X§fpsS \nesb B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv.
Ahsâ `mhn`mKt[bw \nÀ®bn¡p¶Xv {Kl§fpw
\£{X§fpamWv. a\pjysâ kzmX{´yw \ntj[n¡p¶
AhØbmWnXv. hn[nbpsS CcbmWp a\pjy³.
a\pjy³ kzX{´\mWv. {]IrXnsbbpw {]IrXn\nba§sfbpw
AXnPohn¡m\pw Hcp ]cn[nhsc Iogvs¸Sp¯m\pw a\pjy\pIgnbpw.
imkv{Xkmt¦XnIhnZyIfnepÅ ]ptcmKXn CXn\p km£yw
hln¡p¶p. a\pjy³ {]IrXnbpsStbm kmlNcy§fpsStbm
ASnabÃ. _lncmImi]T\§fpw ]co£W§fpw Cu
ZnibnemWp \o§p¶Xv.
BImitKmf§fpw \£{Xhyql§fpw a\pjy\pw X½nÂ
Xmfeba\pkcn¨pÅ _Ôw a\pjysâ `mhnsbbpw _m[n¡psa¶mWv
asämcp kn²m´w. CXnsâ ASnØm\w Ptolemy
bpsS kn²m´amWv. \£{X§Ä `qansb hew
hbv¡p¶psh¶pw BXy´nIambn Ah a\pjys\ hebw
sN¿p¶psh¶papÅ k¦ev]¯nemWv
Cu kn²m´w \ne\nev¡p¶Xv. CXv hkvXpXIÄ¡p
\nc¡p¶Xsöp imkv{Xw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p.
AXpsImWvSv tPymXnj¯n\v imkv{Xobamb ASn¯d H¶panÃ.
tPymXnj¯nsâ ASnØm\w {][m\ambpw Nne A\p`hkm£y§fmWv.
CsXmcp hnizmkw am{XamWv. A\p`hw ImcyImcW_ÔanÃm¯hbmWv.
DZmlcW¯n\v Hc]ISapWvSmIp¶psh¶ncn¡s«.
tPymXnj{]Imcw Cu A]ISw AbmfpsS \£{X¯nsâ \neb\pkcn¨v
kw`hn¨XmWv. ImcWw \£{X¯n Btcm]n¡pIbmWnhnsS.
A]ISw aäp ]e ImcW§Ä sImtWvSm AhnNmcnXamtbm kw`hn¨XmImw.
ImcW§Ä \ap¡v Adnbnà F¶XmWv kXyw.
]e AÛpXtcmKim´nIÄ kmIvjys¸Sp¯p¶hcpw
ImcW§Ä Hcp iànbn Btcm]n¡p¶p.
tcmKim´n¡pÅ ImcW§Ä aäp ]eXpamImw.
hfsc Ffp¸w D¯cw IsWvS¯m\pÅ amÀ¤amWnXv.
a\pjyPohnX¯n kw`hn¡p¶ FÃm¡mcy§fpw
\£{X^eamsW¶v tPymÕy·mÀ aäpÅhsc
hnizkn¸n¡m³ {ian¡p¶p. a\pjysâ
hnizmks¯ NqjWw sN¿p¶ X{´amWnhnsS {]tbmKn¡p¶Xv.
Ggp {Kl§fpw tkmUnbm¡nsâ ]{´WvSv ASbmf§fpamWv
]c¼cmKXambn tPymXnj¯nsâ ASnØm\ambn
D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. At\Iw ]pXnb {Kl§Ä imkv{Xw
IWvSp]nSn¨n«pWvSv. B {Kl§sf tPymXnjw AhKWn¨ncn¡pIbmWv.
tkmUnbm¡nsâ ]{´WvSv ASbmf§Ä ]{´WvSv
\£{X hyql§fmWv. CXv shdpw km¦ev]nIIev]\ am{XamWv.
AXpsImWvSv tPymXnj¯n\v imkv{Xobamb ASnØm\sam¶panÃ.
bYmÀ° Cuizchnizmk¯n\p tNÀ¶XÃ
tPymXnjw. imkv{Xobtam Bßobtam Bb ASn¯dbnÃm¯
hn]W\tijnbpÅ hnizmkamWv tPymXnjw.
BImitKmf§fpw \£{X§fpw `qanbnse ImemhØsbbpw
a\pjysâ BtcmKys¯bpw H«pw _m[n¡pIbnsöv
Bcpw IcpXp¶nÃ. a\pjykzmX{´ys¯tbm `mhnsbtbm
kmcambn _m[n¡p¶ Xc¯nepÅ kzm[o\w Chbv¡nÃm
F¶XmWp kXyw. Cu kzm[o\§sf IogS¡m\pÅ Ignhv
a\pjy\pWvSv. tPymXnj¯n\v CXn\pÅ Ignhnsöp
am{Xw.aXhnizmk§tfmSp IqSn¡eÀ¶ hnizmkamWv
tPymXnjw. tPymXnj¯n\v AwKoImchpw t{]mÕml\hpw lnµpaXw
\ÂIp¶pWvSv. bYmÀ° lnµpaXhnizmk¯nsâ
`mKaà tPymXnjw. lnµptPymÕy·mÀ
a\pjysâ FÃm {]iv\§Ä¡pw ]cnlmcw
\ÂIp¶p. tPymÕy·mcpsS ]cky§Ä
{i²nt¡WvSXmWv. ""kÀÆZpcnX]cnlmc¯n\pw
kÀÆXSÊ\nhmcW¯n\pw Gähpw A\ptbmPyamb
]cnlmchn[nbmWv cXv\[mcWw'' tPymXnj³ P]n¨p\ÂIp¶
cXv\amWv "kÀÆZpcnX\nhmcWn'. [\em`w, hntZibm{X,
sXmgn e_v[n, CjvShnhmlw, k´m\e_v[n, _m[mtZmj]cnlmcw,
hnZymhnPbw, IpSpw_sFizcyw F¶nhsbÃmw ChÀ hmKvZm\w
sN¿p¶p. Cu X«n¸pIfnÂs]Sp¶hÀ
\nch[nbmWv.
{InkvXpaXhpw CÉmwaXhpw tPymXnjw AÔhnizmkambn ImWp¶p.
F¦nepw CXn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ Cu aX§fnepw
hncfaÃ. tPymXnj·msct¸mse hnizmknIsf NqjWw
sN¿p¶hÀ Cu aX§fnepw ImWmw. C¯c¯nepÅ
"kn²·mÀ' hncfaÃ. {InkvXym\nIfpsS
CSbn i{XptZmjw amäpIbpw, tcmKhnapàn \ÂIpIbpw
IpSpw_sFizcyw hmKvZm\w sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶hcpsS
kwJy hÀ²n¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p. a{´w
P]n¨v FgpXnb XInSpIÄ ho«p]cnkc§fnÂ
Ipgn¨nSpIbpw Ipgns¨Sp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶
kn²·mcpWvSv. CsXms¡ X«n¸sænÂ
asä´mWv?
aX§Ä PoÀ®n¡pt¼mgmWv hnizmkw
£bn¨v AÔhnizmk§Ä iàns¸Sp¶Xv.
aX§fn iàn{]m]n¡p¶ AÔhnizmk§Ä
PoÀ®XbpsS e£Wambn IWvSpXncn¨dnªv bYmÀ°hnizmkw
iàns¸Sp¯m³ {iant¡WvSXmWv. aX§fnse
hÀ²n¨phcp¶ {]IS\mßIXbpw {]ZÀi\kz`mhhpw
BUw_c§fpw BtLmj§fpw `àn{]Øm\§fpw
a\pjysâbpw aX§fpsSbpw DÅv s]mÅbmIp¶Xnsâ
e£W§fmWv.
tPymXnjnIÄ \nÀt±in¡p¶ BNmchn[nIfpw
A\pjvTm\§fpw hnaÀi\_p²ym ]Tn¨v AhbpsS bpàncmlnXyw
Xncn¨dnbWw. i{Xpkwlmc¯n\pw Imcykm[y¯n\pambn a{´hmZnIsf
kao]n¡p¶hcpWvSv. a{´hmZw henb _nkn\kmWv. ChÀ
P]n¨p\ÂIp¶ Gekv, XInSpIÄ, cXv\§Ä
apXembh kÀÆku`mKy§fpw hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶p.
Cu sXmgnÂsImWvSv [\w k¼mZn¡p¶hÀ
C¶v hfsc t]cpWvSv. P\\kabs¯ PmXIw FgpXp¶hÀ¡v
Cu tPmen henb hcpam\amÀ¤amWv. PmXIw FgpXn¡p¶hcpsS
kwJy hÀ²n¨phcp¶p. lnµp¡Ä
am{Xaà CXcaXØcpw PmXIw t\m¡nbmWv `mhn \nÝbn¡p¶Xv.
`mhn Adnbm³ {]iv\w hbv¡p¶ coXn tPymXnj·mÀ
kzoIcn¡p¶p. {Kl\neb\pkcn¨pÅ cmlpImew t\m¡p¶
coXn kÀÆkm[mcWambn«pWvSv. ]©mwK§fnÂ
]ckys¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶ cmlpImew Cu `à·mÀ¡v
hfsc D]Icn¡pw. bm{X, hnhmlw, hoSp]Wn apXembh cmlpImew
t\m¡nbmWv {IaoIcn¡p¶Xpw. cmlpImew t\m¡n
\S¯nb hnhml§Ä hnPb{]Zambncpt¶m F¶v
Hcp ]T\w \St¯WvSXmhiyamWv.
iIp\¯n hnizkn¡p¶ [mcmfamfpIfpWvSv. IWnImWp¶XnÂ
AXoh{i² sNep¯p¶hÀ [mcmfw. Nne BfpIsftbm
hkvXp¡sftbm arK§sftbm ImWp¶Xv Aip`ambn IcpXp¶p.
B\, thiy apXembhsb ImWp¶Xv ip`ambn IW¡m¡p¶p.
Ch A\p`hw sImWvSv sXfnbn¡m³ NneÀ {ian¡pw.
ImcyImcW_Ôw a\Ênem¡msX Imcy§fpsS ImcWw
Chbn Btcm]n¨v ]cnlmcw ImWp¶ coXnbmWnXv. ChbpsS
bpàncmlnXyw Xncn¨dnbm³ Ignbm¯hcmWnhÀ.
lkvXtcJ t\m¡n `mhn {]hNn¡p¶hcpWvSv. am{´nIZÞpw
s]³Upehpw D]tbmKn¨v tcmK\nÀ®bw \S¯pIbpw
NnInÕ \nÀt±in¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hsc
ImWmw. a{´w P]n¨p \ÂIp¶ cXv\§fpw,
NcSpw CXchkvXp¡fpw Igp¯nepw Acbnepw ssIbnepsams¡
[cn¨v D±njvSImcyw km[n¡m³ {ian¡p¶hÀ
hncfaÃ. bYmÀ° Cuizchnizmk¯n \n¶v
hyXnNen¡pt¼mgpWvSmIp¶ A_²hnizmk§fpw
BNmc§fpw A\pjvTm\§fpamWnh. ""Iqd ISn¡p¶Xn\v
Hme FgpXn sI«nbXpsImsWvS´p {]tbmP\w''? Cu ]gsamgn
F{X AÀ°h¯mWv.
]tcXcpsS Bßm¡sfbpw ZpjvSmcq]nIsfbpw Bhmln¨v
CXphgn {]hN\w \S¯p¶hcpw ]cnlmc§Ä \nÀt±in¡p¶hcpapWvSv.
km¯m³tkh, i{Xpkwlmc¯n\p]tbmKn¡p¶ a{´hmZnIfpWvSv.
ssIhnjw \ÂIn i{Xp¡sf D]{Zhn¡p¶hcpsWvS¶p
tIÄ¡p¶p. a\pjysâ AÔhnizmk¯nsâ
^eamWnsXÃmwþCuizc\nepw ssZh]cn]me\bnepw hnizkn¡p¶psh¦nÂ
ChsbÃmw A{]kàamIpw. ss__nfn C{]Imcw \mw
hmbn¡p¶p: ""aIs\tbm aIsftbm tlman¡p¶h³,
{]miv\nI³, e£Ww ]dbp¶h³, B`nNmc¡mc³,
a{´hmZn, shfn¨¸mSv, £p{Z¡mc³,
arXktµihmlI³ F¶nhcmcpw \n§fpsSbnSbnÂ
DWvSmbncn¡cpXv. C¯c¡mÀ IÀ¯mhn\p
\nµycmWv. AhcpsS Cu t¾O{]hr¯nIÄ \nan¯amWv
AhnSp¶v Ahsc \n§fpsS ap¼nÂ\n¶v \njvImk\w
sN¿p¶Xv. \nsâ ssZhamb IÀ¯mhnsâ
ap¼n \o Ipäaäh\mbncn¡Ww (\nbamhÀ¯\w
18, 10þ13). Pdanb{]hmNIsâ hm¡pIÄ {i²n¡q:
""C{kmtbensâ ssZhamb ssk\y§fpsS IÀ¯mhv
Acpfns¨¿p¶p: ""\n§fpsSbnSbnepÅ
{]hmN·mcpw {]iv\¡mcpw \n§sf h©n¡mXncn¡s«.
AhÀ Fsâ \ma¯n \n§tfmSp {]hNn¡p¶Xv
hymPamWv. Rm³ Ahsc Ab¨n«nÃþIÀ¯mhv
Acpfns¨¿p¶p.'' (sPdanbm. 29,8þ9). |
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Chief
Editor : Fr. Augustine Peedikamalayil
Managing Editor : Fr. Joseph Thadathil
Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, . 686575.
Ph : 04822 . 212842, Fax : 04822 . 212842
Email :editor@deepanalam.com
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