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IYsb kvt\ln¡pIbpw kvt\ls¯ IYbm¡pIbpw IYt]mse PohnXs¯ amän¯oÀ¡pIbpw sNbvX IYbpsS X¼pcm«n HmÀ½bmbn. "kvt\ls¯ At\zjn¡p¶ a\pjysâ Ahkm\n¡m¯ ImÂhbv]pIÄ' F¶ sI.]n.A¸sâ hntijWw am[hn¡p«nsb¶ Iaemkpc¿bpsS IYIÄ¡v Gsd CW§p¶XmWv. hyXykvX§fmb PohnXmhØIsf [z\nkar²amb `mjbnÂ AhÀ BhnjvIcn¨p. am[hn¡p«nbpsS IYIfnte¡p {]thin¨ aebmfn kaqlw ]pXnb A\p`htaJeIfpsS hnimeXIfnte¡mbncp¶p IS¶p sN¶Xv. `mh\bpsS kv\nKv²X hmcn¸pX¨v bmYmÀ°y¯nÂ\n¶p k¦ev]¯nte¡pw k¦ev]¯nÂ\n¶pw bmYmÀ°y¯nte¡pw btYjvSw k©cn¡pIbmbncp¶p AhÀ. IYbpw IhnXbpw t\mhepw HmÀ½¡pdn¸pIfpw BßIYbpsams¡bS§p¶ hn]peamb B kmlnXyk]cybpsS XpS¡w 1950 Ifnembncp¶p. a\pjys\bpw Ahsâ hym]mc§sfbpw ]qÀ®ambpw _mlyhXvIcn¨ XIgnþtZhvþ hÀ¡n {Xb¯nÂ\n¶p hyXykvXambn `mhKoXt¯mSSp¯p \nÂ¡p¶ `mjbnÂ a\pjysâ B´cnIhym]mc§sf tcJs¸Sp¯pIbmbncp¶p am[hn¡p«n. hyànbpsS am\knI aWvUe§fneqsSbpÅ k©mcsa¶XpsImWvSpXs¶ bmYmÀ°yhpw k¦ev]hpw X½nepÅ IpgªpadnbÂ an¡ IYIfpsSbpw {]tXyIXbmWv. kmlnXy {]Øm\§fpsS C¯ncnh«¯nÂ\n¶pw s]s®gp¯nsâ B\pIqey§fnÂ\n¶pw Xsâ Fgp¯ns\ kwc£n¨p\nÀ¯m³ AhÀ¡mbn. s]®ns\¸än Gsd FgpXnbt¸mgpw s]s®gp¯nsâ te_enÂ Ahsb ]ckys¸Sp¯m³ am[hn¡p«n Hcn¡epw X¿mdmbncp¶nÃ. Bßhnizmk¯nsâ ]qÀ¯nbnÂ\n¶pw DSseSp¡p¶ Fgp¯n\pw Nn´bv¡pw {]hr¯n¡pw HuZmcy§Ä BhiyansÃ¶ kXyambncp¶p am[hn¡p«nbpsS kmlnXyPohnXw DZvtLmjn¨Xv.
am[hn¡p«nbpsS IYIsfms¡bpw kvt\ls¯¡pdn¨pÅ At\zjW§fmWv. IYIfnÂ kvt\lsa¶ ]Zhpw kvt\ls¯¡pdn¨pÅ BIpeXIfpw C{Xtbsd DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅhÀ thsdbnÃ. "kvt\lw' F¶ sIm¨phm¡v Cu IYmImcn¡v HcÛpXhpw Hcp temIhpamWv. Htckabw {]m]yhpw AtXkabw A{]m]yhpamb temIw. kvt\lamWv AhcpsS iànbpw ZuÀ_eyhpw. kvt\l¯nsâ hnhn[ am\§fmbncp¶p IYIsfms¡bpw ]¦ph¨Xv. "NXpcwKw' F¶ IY ANe F¶ kv{XobpsS \ymboIcn¡m\mhm¯ kvt\l_Ôs¯bpw ImcWanÃm¯ CjvS§sfbpw AhXcn¸n¡p¶p. kvt\lw A\p`hn¡m¯hÀ ImWn¡p¶ AXymÀ¯ntbmsS am[hn¡p«nbpsS IYm]m{X§Ä kvt\l¯nÂ sN¶p NmSp¶p. Nne IYm]m{X§Ä¡v kvt\lw BÝcyt¯msS ho£n¡mhp¶ IuXpIhkvXphmWv. kvt\lw Nnet¸mÄ t\ct¼m¡mbpw AkzmX{´yambpw BhnjvIcn¡s¸Sp¶p. ]m]t_m[§fpsS `mcanÃm¯ IYm]m{X§fneqsS kvt\lw cXy\p`qXnbpsS iànkuµcy§fmbn amdp¶p. D]t`mKkwkvImc¯nsâ ]cnjvIrXhpw kvt\liq\yhpamb acp`qanb\p`h¯nte¡v "]£nbpsS aW'¯neqsS Iq«ns¡mWvSpt]mIp¶p. kvt\lhr¯¯nÂ\n¶pw Hcp I®nsImgnbp¶Xnsâ s\m¼cw "s\bv]mbk'¯neqsS A\p`hn¸n¡p¶p. kvt\l¯nsâ A\nÀhN\ob`mh§fmWv "tkm\mKm¨n'sb¶ IY shfns¸Sp¯nbXv. h©n¡p¶ kvt\lamWv "NXn'bnÂ AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv.
kvt\l¯mÂ ZpÀ_ecmbhcpsS henb temIs¯bmWv am[hn¡p«n ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nbXv. kvt\l¯n\mbpÅ Xsâ A`nemj§sf IYm]m{X§fnte¡pw AhÀ Hgp¡n hn«p. IYm]m{X§fnÂ IYmImcnbpsS apJw IsWvS¯m³ ]cn{ian¨v a\kzØX Ifbp¶ aebmfnsb¡pdn¨v Ahsc¶pw klX]n¨nt«bpÅq. ""ChnsS F§s\ \Ã kmlnXyapWvSmIpw? \Ã kmlnXyapWvSmhWsa¦nÂ Fgp¯pImÀ¡v F´pw Xpds¶gpXm³ km[n¡Ww. A¯csamcp kmlNcyw ChnsS Fs¶¦nepw DWvSmIptam?'' A[nt£]§fnÂ a\ws\m´ IYmImcnbpsS {]XnIcWsa¶ \nebnÂ Cu {]kvXmhs¯ HXpt¡WvSXnÃ. kmlnXys¯ kZmNmc¯nsâ Icn¼S¯nÂ s]mXnªp kq£n¡p¶ aebmfnbpsS tcmKmXpcamb am\knImhØbv¡p t\scbpÅ tNmZyambncp¶p AXv. icoc¯nsâ XrjvWIsf ]mh\ambn IW¡m¡nb Cu Fgp¯pImcn Hcp kZmNmc{Ia¯n\p ]Icw asäm¶ns\ {]XnjvTn¡m\mbncp¶nÃ {ian¨Xv. [mÀanIamb FÃm¯cw hne¡pIÄ¡pa¸pdapÅ B\µkm£mXvImc¯n\mbmWv AhÀ \nesImWvSXv. ]t£ kvt\l¯n\pthWvSnbpÅ BßmÀ°amb Cu At\zjW§sf icnbmbhn[¯nÂ Xncn¨dnbm³ kZmNmc¯nsâ apJwaqSnbWnª tIcfob kaql¯n\p km[n¨nÃ. A\p`qXnIfpsS BZnaamb DdhIÄ tXSnbpÅ bm{Xbmbncp¶p am[hn¡p«n¡v cN\. adIÄ \o¡n Xm³ IWvS PohnX¯nsâ {IqctXPkv Bßobamb kXykÔXtbmsS ]IÀ¯pIbmbncp¶p AhÀ. Ffna, imeo\X XpS§nb KpW§fmÂ BZÀihXvIcn¡s¸«hcpw k½ÀZ§fmÂ A`nkmcnIbpsS PohnXw \bn¡m³ hn[n¡s¸«hcpamb kv{Xo IYm]m{X§Ä \ndªp\n¶ aebmfIYbpsS taJebnemWv Ima\IfpsS temI¯v sskzchnlmcw \S¯p¶ s]®ns\ am[hn¡p«n AhXcn¸n¨Xv.
AXnhnNn{Xamb at\mLS\bpw AXnk¦oÀ®amb at\m`mh§fpamWv am[hn¡p«nbptSXv. Xm\m{Kln¨ a«nepÅ kvt\lw _meyw apXÂ X\n¡v \ntj[n¡s¸«p F¶hÀ IcpXn. Cu Nn´ acWt¯mfw AhcpsS IqsSbpWvSmbncp¶p. tIcfw hn«v ]q\bnte¡p t]mIpt¼mgpw kz´w \mSnsâ kvt\lcmlnXys¯¡pdn¨pÅ ]cn`hw Iq«n\pWvSmbncp¶p. A\p`qXnkm{µhpw A\nÀhN\obhpamb kvt\lw tXSnbpÅ A\´bm{XbnÂ kwXr]vXn IsWvS¯m¯ AhÀ ssZht¯mSpÅ kvt\l_Ô¯nÂ am{XamWv kwXr]vXn A\p`hn¨Xv. A\izct{]a¯nsâ km^ey¯n\mbn \nXm´ambn Im¯ncn¡p¶ cm[bmbncp¶p AhÀ. \nXyhnclnWnbmb cm[sbbmWv t{]a]qÀ¯n¡mbn tIgp¶ IYmImcn HmÀ½n¸n¨ncp¶Xv. kv{Xo]pcpj_Ô¯nsâ \Kv\hniZmwi§Ä \ÂIp¶ am[hn¡p«nbpsS IYIfnepw IhnXIfnepw AenªptNÀ¶ncn¡p¶Xv IrjvWImapInbpsS ZpxJamWv. Xm³ krjvSn¨ IYm]m{X§fmb Hmtcm ]pcpj\nepw cm[bmIp¶ kv{Xo IrjvWs\ IsWvS¯p¶XmWv AhÀ AhXcn¸n¨Xv. am[hn¡p«nbpw cm[bpw IYm]m{Xhpw tNÀ¶v DSseSp¯ GIcq]¯nsâ Bß`mjWambn IaebpsS IYIÄ hnebncp¯s¸«Xpw AXpsImWvSmWv.
]p¶bqÀ¡pfs¯ \me¸m«v hoSpw adp\mS³ h³\Kc§fpw am[hn¡p«n¡v PohnXtZi§fmbncp¶p. Xsâ _meys¯ ]p¶bqÀ¡pf¯n\pw IÂ¡«sb¶ alm\Kc¯n\pw am[hn¡p«n hoXn¨psImSp¡pIbmbncp¶p. hnhmltijw t_mws_ \Kc¯nte¡mWhÀ ]dn¨p \Ss¸«Xv. {Kma¯nÂ\n¶p \Kc¯nte¡pÅ Cu "jn^väv' IYIfpsS A´co£w cq]s¸Sp¯p¶XnÂ apJy]¦phln¨n«pWvSv.kv{XobpsS kzXzkwLÀj§sf ASbmfs¸Sp¯p¶ IYIÄ \Kc]Ým¯eamWv an¡t¸mgpw kzoIcn¡p¶Xv. \Kc¯nse tIm¬{Ioäv KplbpsS CcpWvS apdn¡pÅnÂ XShp]pÅnIsft¸mse Ignbp¶ kv{XoIsf A¯cw IYIÄ shfns¸Sp¯p¶p. s\bv]mbkw, ]£nbpsS aWw F¶o IYIÄ¡v \Kcm´co£w \ÂIp¶ ]Ým¯e`wKn {it²bamWv. asämcp coXnbnepw {Kmaþ\Kc_Ôw IYbnÂ AÀ° kqN\IÄ XoÀ¡p¶pWvSv. \jvSs¸« kvt\ls¯¡pdn¨pÅ At\zjWhpw AXp XncnsI¸nSn¡m\pÅ DXvISamb A`n\nthihpw t]dp¶ IYIsfbmWv ChnsS ]cnKWnt¡WvSXv. kv{Xosb¶ \nebv¡v X\n¡p In«msX t]mb kvt\lw, IcpXÂ F¶nhsbms¡ Xncbp¶ IYm]m{X§fneqsS \jvSs¸« {Kma¯nsâ BÀ{ZXbpw ImcpWyhpw Xpd¶ a\kpamWv am[hn¡p«n At\zjn¡p¶Xv. s]×bpsS klmPhØ kPohXsb {]m]n¡p¶Xv PoÀ®amb \Kc¯nesÃ¶pw Poh¯mb {Kma{]IrXnbnemsW¶pw \s½ HmÀ½n¸n¡p¶ kpµcamb IYbmWv "iÀ¡csImWvSv Hcp Xpem`mcw'. {]mIrXw F¶p hntijn¸n¡mhp¶ {Kma{]IrXnbpsS kz`mht¯mSSp¯p \nÂ¡p¶ BhnjvIcW§fmWv \njvIf¦amb DÅp Xpd¡epIfneqsS am[hn¡p«n \S¯nbXv. \mSy§fpsS \KckwkvImc¯nÂ {KmaykwkvIrXnbpsS Cu Häs¸« \nev]mWv Ipg¸§Ä XoÀ¯Xv. aebmfnbpsS ap¶nÂ "Hcps¼«hÄ' F¶ hntijWw t]dns¡mWvSv Gsd¡mew B \nev]v AhÀ¡p XpStcWvSnh¶p.
IYbpsS temIs¯bmbncp¶p am[hn¡p«n Gsd kvt\ln¨Xv. t\mhepItfmSv AhÀ¡v aaaX Ipdhmbncp¶p. Xsâ t\mhepIsf \oWvSIYIÄ F¶p hnfn¡m\mWv AhÀ CjvSs¸«Xv. t\mhsegp¯ns\¸än am[hn¡p«n ]dbp¶p: ""Fsâ Fgp¯nsâ cq]hpambn CW§nt¨cp¶XÃ t\mhse¶ cq]w. ss]kbv¡v BhiyapWvSmIpt¼mgmWv Rm³ \oWvS IYIsfgpXp¶Xv.'' t\mhepIÄ F¶v am[hn¡p«n AwKoIcn¡p¶nsÃ¦nepw B amXrIbnepÅ GXm\pw ]cn{ia§Ä AhÀ \S¯nbn«pWvSv. am\kn, Nµ\ac§Ä, ISÂabqcw, cpKvanWns¡mcp ]mh¡p«n, Ahkm\s¯ AXnYn, tcmlnWn, B«pI«nÂ F¶nhbpw kptemN\bpsam¯v FgpXnb "IhmSw', taml\hÀatbmsSms¯gpXnb "Aamhmkn' F¶nhbpw B hgn¡pÅ {ia§fmbncp¶p. t\mhepItfmSv {]nbw ImWn¡mXncp¶Xn\mÂ kvss{XWm\p`h¯nsâ _lpXzw BhnjvIcn¡m³ Gsdsbm¶pw am[hn¡p«n¡p Ignªn«nsÃ¶ \nco£Whpw \ne\nÂ¡p¶pWvSv. GI`mh§fpsS sshImcnI \mSI§fmWv am[hn¡p«nbpsS IYm]m{X§Ä BSnbXv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶bmhmw Ipdª hmNmeXbpw IpdnbIYbpw IqÀ¯hm¡pw D]tbmKn¡p¶ sNdpIYbpsS kt¦X]cnkc¯nÂ AhÀ IqSpXÂ k´pjvSbmbn¯oÀ¶Xv.
aebmf¯nÂ IYIsfgpXnb am[hn¡p«n IaemZmsk¶ t]cnÂ Cw¥ojnembncp¶p IhnXsbgpXnbXv. AXn\pÅ ImcWhpw AhÀ hyàam¡p¶pWvSv: ""IhnXIfnÂ Rm³ Ipsd¡qSn kzX{´ambn FgpXmdpWvSv. F\n¡v Fsâ Cw¥ojv hmb\¡msc t]Snt¡WvS ImcyanÃ. F´pthWsa¦nepw F\n¡v Xpds¶gpXmw. Fsâ k¯ apgph³ Fsâ IhnXIfnepWvSv. IYIfnÂ A{Xbpw ]änÃ. ]ns¶ tIcf¯nse hmb\¡mÀ¡v F\n¡v ]dbm\pÅsXÃmw kzoIcn¡m\pw ]änÃ. AXpsImWvSv aebmf¯nÂ s]mXpsh IhnXIsfgpXmdnÃ.'' (A`napJw, {iotZhn sI.\mbÀ, aebmf¯nsâ IYmImcnIÄ, Un.kn._pIvkv tIm«bw 2002: 123). aebmfnbpsS k¦pNnXamb a\Ênsâ sshIrXw "Fsâ IY' ]pd¯ph¶t¸mÄ¯s¶ Xncn¨dnªXpsImWvSmhmw am[hn¡p«n C§s\sbmcp Xocpam\¯ntes¡¯nbXv. tIcfobkaqlw Cu IYmImcntbmSp \oXn]peÀ¯ntbm F¶ tNmZy¯n\v C\n {]kànbnÃ. sIm¨pIp«nIfpsS a\Êpambn IYIfpsS temI¯v cmÚnbmbn hmW am[hn¡p«nsb bmYmØnXnI aebmfnkaqlw Bt£]n¨Xn\v AXncnÃ. A¯csamcp kaqls¯ Xsâ Fgp¯neqsSbpw PohnX¯neqsSbpw \nc´cw AhÀ {]tIm]n¸n¨psImtWvSbncp¶p. hmÀ²Iy¯nÂ Xs¶ tXm fnteäns¡mWvSpt]mIm³ Xsâ I®s\¯psa¶p ]dªv, Ah sâ cm[bmbn Ignª am[hn¡p«n aXwamdn CÉmante¡p t]mbt¸mgpw aebmfn kaqlw hne]n¨p. Ahsc A[nt£]n¨p. aebmfnbpsS sR«Â IWvSn«pw "]peÀImes¯ If¦anÃm¯ \£{Xw' þ kpc¿ ]p©ncn¨tXbpÅq. \nÀaamb B ]p©ncnbmbncp¶p aebmfn kaql¯n\pÅ AhcpsS adp]Sn.
aes©cnhpIÄ F¶ IYbnÂ am[hn¡p«n FgpXn: ""kz]v\§fmWv F¶pw \ne\nÂ¡p¶Xv. asäÃmw \in¨pt]mhpt¼mgpw kz]v\§Ä \½psSIqsS \nÂ¡p¶p''. am[hn¡p«nbpw AhcpsS IYIfpw aebmfn¡v kz]v\w t]mepÅ bmYmÀ°yambncp¶p. aebmfapÅnSt¯mfw B IYIÄ¡v BbpÊpWvSmhpsa¶v IcpXm\mhp¶Xpw AXpsImWvSmWv. "Rm³' F¶ `mhw ]qÀ®ambpw CÃmXmbn¯ocpt¼mÄ P\n¡p¶ IYIfmbncp¶p am[hn¡p«nbptSXv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ hmb\¡mcnÂ\n¶v adbv¡m³ AhÀs¡m¶papWvSmbncp¶nÃ. inipklPamb \njvIf¦XtbmsS AhÀ cN\bnteÀs¸«p. PohnX¯n\v kvt\lw Hc\nhmcyXbmsW¶v AhÀ hnizkn¨p. AXn\mbpÅ {]mÀ°\bmbncp¶p AhcpsS kÀKPohnXw. kvt\lw acoNnIbmhpt¼mÄ acWw Hc\nhmcyXbmsW¶v am[hn¡p«n FgpXnbn«pWvSv. Gsd A[nt£]§Ä¡p tijhpw kvt\lw {]Xo£n¨v AhÀ aebmfn kaqls¯ Däpt\m¡ns¡mWvSncp¶p. at\mtcmKw _m[n¨ aebmfn¡v A{Xt¯mfw Dbcm\mhnsÃ¶ kXyw Xncn¨dnªt¸mgmWv AhÀ \mSphn«Xv. kvt\lw acoNnIsb¶ ]qÀ®hnizmk¯nte¡p aebmfn kaqlw am[hn¡p«nsb F¯n¨ncp¶Xn\mÂ Cu acWw AhÀ¡v Hc\nhmcyXIqSnbmbncp¶ncn¡Ww. AhcpsS Øm\t¯¡v asämcp Ihnsb/IYmIr¯ns\ ]cnKWn¡m³ \Ã hmb\¡mÀ¡mhnÃ. Xsâ cmPmhn\pthWvSn Ahsâ t{]a¯n\mbn \nc´cw \r¯w sNbvX Iaebv¡v/am[hn¡p«n¡v/kpc¿bv¡v þ {]Wmaw.