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tIcf¯nse¶pw kachpw _lfhpamWv. lÀ¯menÃm¯ kabaptWvSm? F¶n«pw ssZh¯nsâ \msS¶v hnt\mZk©mchIp¸v tIcfs¯ hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv eÖmIcamsW¶v' tIcfsslt¡mSXn A`n{]mbs¸«p.
Hcphn`mKw Poh\¡mcpsS kacw aqeapWvSmb _p²nap«pIÄ ]cnlcn¡m³ sIm¨n XpdapJ¯v t]meokv kwc£Wamhiys¸«v XpdapJ {SÌntâXpÄs¸sSbpÅ cWvSv lÀPnIÄ ]cnKWn¡thbmWv PÌokv ]n.F³. cho{µsâ hm¡mepÅ Cu ]cmaÀiw.
sIm¨n XpdapJw ]q«n Xq¯p¡pSn¡p sImWvSpt]mbmte bqWnb\pIÄ¡p kam[m\amhq F¶mWv Ct¸mgs¯ ØnXn. tIcf¯nse Cu XpdapJw AS¨mÂ aäp kwØm\§Ä¡p kt´mjamIpw. Nc¡p\o¡w A\ykwØm\§fnte¡p t]mIpw. kwØm\¯nsâ km¼¯nIhfÀ¨bnÂ sIm¨n XpdapJ¯n\p {]apJ Øm\apWvSv F¶ Imcyw ad¡cpXv. XpdapJs¯ {]hÀ¯\w sXmgnemfnIÄ kac¯nsâ t]cnÂ XSÊs¸Sp¯cpsX¶p tImSXn HmÀ½n¸n¨p.
Cu \nebnembmÂ ChnsS FÃm hyhkmbhpw ]qt«WvSnhcpw. Øm]\§Ä ]q«nbmÂ sXmgnemfnIÄ¡p sXmgnepWvSmIpsa¶p IcpXp¶ptWvSm? lÀPnbnÂ FXnÀI£nIfmb sXmgnemfn bqWnb\pIsf tImSXn HmÀ½s¸Sp¯n.
sXmgnemfnIÄ AhImi§Ä¡pthWvSn am{Xw _lfw hbv¡pIbmWp sN¿p¶Xv. ISaIsfbpw NpaXeIsfbpw ]än AhÀ HmÀ¡p¶tXbnÃ. Hcp s]mXptaJemØm]\amWv sI.Fkv.BÀ.Sn.kn. Poh\¡mÀ thWvS{XbpWvSv. ]t£, _kpIÄ Fs¶¦nepw IgpIn hr¯nbm¡n HmSp¶Xp IWvSn«ptWvSm? AhImi§sf¸än am{XamWhÀ ]dbp¶Xv.
2009 tabv H¶mwXobXn tabv Zn\¯nÂ h¶ ]{XhmÀ¯bmWnXv. \½psS kwØm\s¯ sXmgnÂkwkvImc¯nsâ Hcp eLpNn{Xw ChnsS ZriyamWv. _Ôs¸«hscÃmw hfsc Kuch]qÀÆw Nn´nt¡WvS ØnXnhntijamWnXv.
DÂ]mZ\{]{InbbnÂ ]¦p]äp¶ ]e LSI§fpWvSv. `qan DÄs¸sSbpÅ {]IrXnhn`h§Ä ChbnÂ {][m\s¸«XmWv. `qanbpsS ^e`qbnjvTXbpw ImemhØbpsams¡ CXnÂs¸Spw. Ch DÂ]mZ\£aamIWsa¦nÂ a\pjy{]bXv\w BhiyamWv. BtcmKyw, hnZym`ymkw, tPmen¡pÅ sshZKv[yw apXembh {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶p. DÂ]mZ\{]{InbbnÂ aqe[\¯nsâ {]m[m\yw Ipd¨pImWm\mhnÃ. aqe[\\nt£]¯n\\pkcn¨mbncn¡pw DÂ]mZ\tijn hÀ²n¡p¶Xv. {]IrXnhn`h§Ä, a\pjy{]bXv\w AYhm sXmgnÂ, aqe[\w F¶nh Imcy£aambn kwLSn¸n¡m³ BfpIfpWvSmIWw. DÂ]mZ\w bmYmÀ°yamIp¶Xv Cu LSI§sfÃmw kwLSn¸n¡pt¼mgmWv. kwLmSI³ hym]Iamb AÀ°¯nÂ sXmgnensâ `mKamWv. Cu \mep LSI§fpw ]ckv]c]qcI§fmWv. amÀIvknb³ hniIe\w sXmgnen\v AanXamb {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶p. apXemfn¯hyhØnXnbnÂ aqe[\¯n\mWp {][m\yw. cWvSpw ]£]mX]camb kao]\amWv.
DÂ]¶¯nsâ AhImiw Cu \mep LSI§Ä¡pw IqSnbmWv. {]IrXnhn`h§fpsS DSabv¡v Hcp ]¦p e`n¡Ww. tPmen sN¿p¶ sXmgnemfn¡hImis¸«XmWv thX\w. aqe[\¯n\pÅ hnlnXw ]enibmWv. ChsbÃmw kwLSn¸n¨v DÂ]mZ\w \S¯p¶hsâ hnlnXw em`w.
`qanbpw {]IrXnhn`h§fpw {]IrXnbpsS Zm\amWv. ià·mÀ CXv kz´am¡n DSaØmhImiw Øm]n¨p. ]c¼cmKXambn CXv A\´cmhIminIÄ¡p ssIamdp¶p. CXp Ncn{X¯nsâ `mKamWv. sXmgnemfnIÄ¡p hfsc Ipdª thX\w am{XamWp e`n¨ncp¶Xv. bqtdm¸nÂ hyhkmbhn¹h¯nsâ Ime¯pw sXmgnemfnIÄ NqjnXhÀ¤ambncp¶p. Cu kmlNcyamWv amÀIvknk¯n\p Ifsamcp¡nbXv. F¶mÂ C¶v kmlNcyw BsI amdn. sXmgnemfnIfpsS kwLSnXamb {]hÀ¯\waqew sXmgnÂ\nba§fpWvSmbn. tkh\thX\hyhØIÄ sXmgnemfnIfpsS kwc£W¯n\\qIqeambn. sXmgnemfnt£a{]hÀ¯\§Ä \nehnÂh¶p. P\m[n]Xyt£acmjv{S§Ä FÃmhn`mKw P\§Ä¡pw km¼¯nIkpc£nXXzw Dd¸phcp¯m³ {ian¡p¶p. F¦nepw km¼¯nIhnXcW¯nsâ Imcy¯nÂ Ak´penXmhØ C¶pw \ne\nev¡p¶p. DÅh\pw CÃm¯h\pw X½nepÅ A´cw IpdbpIbÃ, IqSpIbmWv. hnIkzcAhnIknXcmPy§fnÂ Cu ØnXn hfsc {]ISamWv. BtKmfhXvIcWw km¼¯nImkaXzw hÀ²n¸n¡m³ klmbn¡psa¶v `bmi¦bpWvSv. Cu `bw AØm\¯Ã.
Irjn, hyhkmbw, tkh\w F¶nhbmWv ASnØm\DÂ]mZ\taJeIÄ. km¼¯nI]ptcmKXn {]m]n¡p¶Xn\\pkcn¨v km¼¯nILS\bnÂ amäapWvSmIpw. AhnIknXcmPy§fnÂ tZiob hcpam\¯nsâ {][m\]¦pw IrjnbnÂ \n¶mWp e`n¡p¶Xv. hyhkmbtkh\taJeIÄ¡p {]m[m\yw Ipdªncn¡pw. km¼¯nIhnImkw {]m]n¡p¶Xn\\pkcn¨v tZiobhcpam\¯nÂ IrjnbpsS ]¦v Ipdbpw. hyhkmb¯nsâbpw tkh\¯nsâbpw {]m[m\yw hÀ²n¡pw. AXpsImWvSv hnIknXcmPy§fnÂ tZiobhcpam\¯nsâ {][m\]¦pw hyhkmbtkh\taJeIfnÂ \n¶mIpw. `mcXw hnIkzccmPy§fpsS KW¯nÂs¸Spw. C¶pw \½psS {][m\hcpam\amÀ¤w Irjnbpw A\p_Ôhyhkmb§fpamWv. hnIk\]²XnIfpsS ^eambn hyhkmbtaJebpw tkh\taJebpw henb ]ptcmKXn t\Snbn«pWvSv.
tIcfw Cu ASp¯ Imew hsc ImÀjnIkwØm\ambncp¶p. km¼¯nI]ptcmKXn¡\pkcn¨v ChnsS hyhkmb§Ä hfÀ¶n«nÃ. F¶mÂ tkh\cwK¯v IpXn¨pNm«w \S¯nbn«pWvSv. CXv tIcf¯nsâ Hcp {]tXyIXbmWv. ]e ImcW§Äs¡mWvSpw s]mXptkh\taJe A`qX]qÀÆIamb hfÀ¨ ssIhcn¨n«pWvSv.
tIcf¯nÂ Irjn Xosc AhKWn¡s¸« ØnXnbnemWv. \mWyhnfIsfmgn¨pÅ hnfIfpsS Irjn KWyambn Ipdªn«pWvSv. s\Ãv, hmg, ]¨¡dn apXembhbpsS Irjn XoÀ¯pw AhKWn¡s¸«ncn¡pIbmWv. s\Â¸mS§Ä Xcnin«ncn¡p¶p. \mWyhnfIfmb tXm«IrjnIÄ t]mepw XIÀ¨ t\cnSp¶p.
IrjntbmSpÅ B`napJyw Ipdbm³ ]e ImcW§fpWvSv. Irjn BZmbIcaÃm¯ ØnXnbnemWn¶v. Iqen¡qSpXÂ, hf§Ä¡pw IoS\min\nIÄ¡papÅ hnehÀ²\hv, DÂ]¶§Ä¡pÅ hne¡pdhv apXembh Irjn \jvS¯nem¡n. \mWyhnfIfpsS hne A´mcmjv{Shnesb B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv. \mWyhnfIfnÂ kmam\yw em`Icamb Irjn d_À am{Xambn amdn¡gnªp. IqS¡qsS DWvSmbns¡mWvSncn¡p¶ hnebpsS Gä¡pd¨nepIÄ d_À Irjnsbbpw tZmjIcambn _m[n¡p¶pWvSv. sXmgnemfnIfpsS Ipdhpw Iqen¡qSpXepw hf¯nsâ hnebpsaÃmw Cu Irjnsbbpw A]IS¯nem¡pw.
]pXnb Xeapdbv¡v ImbnIm[zm\apÅ tPmenItfmSp XmÂ]cyanÃ. FÃmhcpsSbpw e£yw shÅt¡mfÀ tPmenbmWv. kÀ¡mÀ tPmen¡mWv Gsd XmÂ]cyw. ImcWw tPmen sN¿msX Xs¶ Øncamb i¼fw Dd¸pÅ taJebmWv kÀ¡mÀ tPmen F¶ ØnXnbnembn«pWvSv. apJya{´n Xs¶ k½Xn¡p¶ ImcyamWnXv.
sXmgnenÃmbva cq£amWnhnsS. F¦nepw Irjn¸WnIÄ¡pw \nÀ½mW{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw tPmen¡mÀ ChnsS CÃ. A\ykwØm\§fmb Xangv\mSv, _olmÀ, ]Ýna_wKmÄ F¶nhnS§fnÂ \n¶mWv tPmen¡mÀ F¯p¶Xv.
kwØm\s¯ sXmgnemfnIÄ X§fpsS AhImi§sf¸än Adnhpw t_m[yhpapÅhcmWv. F¶mÂ ISaIsf AhÀ XoÀ¯pw AhKWn¡p¶p. kÀ¡mcnsâ \b§fpw
sXmgnemfnIfpsS at\m`mhhpw hyhkmbm`nhr²n¡v H«pw klmbIcaÃ. ]cnØnXn {]iv\hpw ]pXnb hyhkmb§Ä Bcw`n¡m³ XSÊamIp¶p. Cu kmlNcy¯nÂ ]pXnb hyhkmb§Ä Cu kwØm\¯mcw`n¡m³ Bcpw X¿mdÃ. DÅ hyhkmb§Ä Xs¶ A\ykwØm\§fnte¡p ]dn¨p\Ss¸SpIbmWv. a®nsâ a¡Ä hmZhpw sXmgnÂ kac§fpw A«nadn¡qenbpw t\m¡pIqenbpsaÃmw hyhkmbhnIk\¯n\p XSÊambn \nev¡p¶p.
sXmgnemfnkwLS\IfpsS A\mhiyhpw IqS¡qsSbpÅXpamb kac§fpw _µpw lÀ¯mepw kwØm\¯nsâ km¼¯nIm`nhr²nsb kmcaambn _m[n¨n«pWvSv. sXmgnemfnkwLS\IsfÃmwXs¶ cmjv{Sob]mÀ«nIfpsS t]mjIkwLS\IfmWv. ]mÀ«n\b§fpw XmÂ]cy§fpamWv Cu kwLS\IÄ¡papÅXv. hnIk\¯n\p klmbn¡p¶ kzX{´sXmgnemfn kwLS\IÄ cq]s¸SWw. cmPy¯nsâ ]ptcmKXnbpw sXmgnemfn t£ahpw e£yw h¨pÅ sXmgnemfn kwLS\IfmWmhiyw.
IÀjIs¯mgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yw ]cnlcn¡m\pw em`Icambn Irjn \S¯m\pw b{´hXvIcWamhiyamWv. sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yw A\p`hs¸Spt¼mgpw Irjn¡v b{´§Ä D]tbmKn¡m³ sXmgnemfn kwLS\IÄ A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. kÀ¡mcnsâ \ne]mSpXs¶bmWnXv. cmPyXmÂ]cy§Ät¡m sXmgnemfn t£a¯nt\m KpWIcamb \ne]mSÃnXv.
kwØm\s¯ Gähpw henb sXmgnÂZmXmhv kÀ¡mcmWv. kÀ¡mcm^okpIfnse DtZymK¯n\p ]pdsabpw kÀ¡mÀ tPmenIfpWvSv. hnZym`ymk, BtcmKy, _m¦nwKv taJeIfnÂ kÀ¡mÀ tPmen km[yX IpdhÃ. s]mXptaJemØm]\§Ä tkh\taJebnepw hyhkmbtaJebnepw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶pWvSv. an¡ s]mXptaJem Øm]\§fpw\jvS¯nemWv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. CXn\pw]pdsa AÀ²kÀ¡mÀ Øm]\§fnepw tPmen km[yXIfpWvSv. kzImcytaJebnÂ Gähpw IqSpXÂ tPmen ImÀjnItaJebnemWv. BtcmKyw, hnZym`ymkw, _m¦nwKv, KXmKXw F¶o taJeIfnepw kzImcyØm]\§fpsS km¶n[yw sXmgnehkc§Ä krjvSn¡p¶pWvSv.
tIcf¯nÂ\n¶v A\ykwØm\§fnte¡pw, cmPy§fnte¡pw tPmen tXSnt¸mIp¶hÀ \nch[nbmWv. cWvSmwtemIalmbp²Ime¯v ]«mf¯nepw AXnt\mS\p_Ôn¨pÅ tPmenIÄ¡pambn A\ykwØm\§fnte¡v hfsct¸À t]mbn«pWvSv. Ignª \qämWvSnsâ cWvSmw ]IpXn apXÂ KÄ^v cmPy§fnte¡pw Atacn¡³ sFIy\mSpIfnte¡pw IpSntbäw XpS§n. 1980 se IW¡\pkcn¨v 5.1 e£w t]À tIcf¯n\p]pdt¯¡v IpSntbdnbn«pWvSv. CXnÂ 2.1 e£w t]À hntZicmPy§fnte¡v IpSntbdnbhcmWv. 1999þse IW¡\pkcn¨v hntZi¯p Xmakn¡p¶ aebmfnIfpsS F®w 13.84 e£ambncp¶p. CXnÂ 11.84 e£w t]À hntZi¯v tPmenbpÅ hcmWv. 2.44 e£wt]À tPmenbpÅhsc B{ibn¨pIgnbp¶p. CXn\ptijw hntZitPmen¡mcpsS F®w hÀ²n¨n«pWvSv. F¶mÂ km¼¯nIamµyw hntZitPmensb {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡m³ km[yXbpWvSv.
kwØm\¯nsâ km¼¯nItaJebnÂ \nÀ®mbIamb ]¦phln¡p¶ LSIamWv hntZi¯p tPmen sN¿p¶hcpsS hcpam\w. ChcpsS _m¦p\nt£]w 28871 tImSn cq]bmbncp¶p 2003 Â. cq]bpsS hn\nab\nc¡nÂ Ipdhp kw`hn¨XpsImWvSv Cu \nt£]¯pI hfsc hÀ²n¨n«pWvSv. tIcf¯nsâ hmÀjnI_UvPäns\¡mÄ IqSpXÂ hcpw hntZi¯p tPmen sN¿p¶hcpsS \m«nte¡p hcp¶ XpI. kwØm\¯nsâ km¼¯nIØnXn ]nSn¨p\nÀ¯p¶ Hcp {][m\LSIw hntZihcpam\amWv.
2001þse sk³kkv A\pkcn¨v \½psS kwØm\¯v 10.3 Zie£w tPmen sN¿phm³ IgnhpÅhcpWvSmbncp¶p. Gähpw IqSpXÂ sXmgnÂ clnXÀ tIcf¯nemWv. 2000 Â tZiobXe¯nÂ sXmgnenÃmbva \nc¡v 7.29 iXam\ambncp¶p. F¶mÂ tIcf¯nÂ 20.77 iXam\hpw. sXmgnÂ cPnÌÀ sNbvXhcpsS F®w 36.80 e£ambncp¶p. sXmgnenÃm¯ A`ykvXhnZycpsS F®w hfsc IqSpXemWv. _ncpZhpw _ncpZm\´c_ncpZhpapÅhcnÂ \mensem¶v t]À am{Xta GsX¦nepw tPmen¡v tbmKycmbn«pÅq. ImcWw, \nÝnXtPmen¡pÅ sshZKv[yw ChÀ¡nÃ F¶XmWv. _ncpZ§Ä k¼mZn¡p¶Xns\m¸w tPmen¡pÅ sshZKv[yhpwIqSn t\SWw; F¦nÂ am{Xta tPmen e`n¡pIbpÅq.
am\htijn \½psS kwØm\¯nsâ Gähpw {][m\s¸« hn`h§fnsem¶mWv. CXp Imcy£aambn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯m³ IgnªmÂ kwØm\¯nsâ hnIk\hpw `{ZXbpw km[yamIpw. hntZiC´ym¡mcpsS ]Ww hnIk\{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡p]tbmKn¡m³ ]äp¶ Hcp ImemhØbpw kmlNcyhpapWvSmIWw. CXn\v klmbIcamb Hcp sXmgnÂ kwkvImcw cq]s¸tSWvSXmhiyamWv. sXmgnent\mSp hnizkvXXbpw \oXnbpw ]peÀ¯p¶ kao]\w sXmgnemfnIÄ kzoIcn¡Ww. ImÀjnIhyhkmbtaJeIfnÂ A¨S¡w \ne\nev¡Ww. cmjv{Sob]mÀ«n¡mcpw sXmgnemfn kwLS\mt\Xm¡fpw kwØm\¯nsâ `mhn ap³\nÀ¯n IÀ½]cn]mSnIÄ Bkq{XWw sN¿Ww. sXmgnepSaIÄ sXmgnemfnIfpsS klIcWw Dd¸phcp¯n {]hÀ¯n¡Ww. ]ckv]cw hnizmk¯nseSp¯v klIcn¨p {]hÀ¯n¡m³ IgnªmÂ kwØm\¯nsâ `mhn kpc£nXamIpw.