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sN¶mbv¡Ä hoWvSpw B«n³tXmeWnbp¶p F¶ Adnhv tIcf¯nse ss{IkvXh\yq\]£§sf DXvIWvTmIpecm¡p¶p. \mSnsâ hnIk\¯n\p _lpapJamb kw`mh\IÄ \evInbhÀ¡v F¶pw ]oU\taäp hm§m\mWp hn[nsb¶p tXm¶p¶p.
CtXmÀ¯pt]mbXv, k`Ifpambn XÀ¡ansÃ¶pw NÀ¨ \S¯n FÃm {]iv\§Ä¡pw ]cnlmcw ImWm³ X¿mdmsW¶papÅ kn]nFw t\XrXz¯nsâ ]pXnb \o¡w shfnbnÂ h¶XpsImWvSmWv. Cu kao]\t¯mSp s]s«¶p {]XnIcn¨ k`m[y£·mcnÂ Nnesc hnZym`ymka{´n Xs¶ HmSnsb¯n kµÀin¡pIbpw aªpcpIm³ t]mIp¶p F¶ kqN\IÄ \evIpIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. A{Xbpw \ÃXp Xs¶.
`ojWnbpsSbpw ASn¨pXIÀ¡epIfpsSbpw ]Xnhp ssien Dt]£n¨v kahmb¯nsâ ]mXbnÂ NphSph¨ncn¡p¶p F¶Xp Xs¶ IayqWnÌpImsc kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Akzm`mhnIamWv. i{Xphn`mK§sf apgph³ D·qe\w sNbvXp P\Iob P\m[n]Xyw F¶ Hma\t¸cpÅ GIm[n]Xyw Øm]n¡pI F¶XmWhcpsS {]Jym]nXkn²m´w. AXnsâ {]mtbmKnI]mT§fmWv kzm{ibhnZym`ymk\nbaw tImSXnbnÂ ]cmPbs¸« \mfpIÄ apXÂ tIcf¯nÂ Act§dnbXv.
]t£, tIcfw C´ybnse Hcp kwØm\ambXpsImWvSpw tIcfP\Xbv¡v C´y³`cWLS\bpsS kwc£Ww DÅXpsImWvSpw IayqWnÌpcmPy§fnÂ \S¸nem¡nb tkmjyenkw ChnsS \S¸mInsÃ¶v 1959 \p tijw IayqWnÌp]mÀ«n Hcn¡Â¡qSn Xncn¨dnªncn¡p¶p. IÃpwIhWbpaÃ thm«mWp iàamb Bbp[sa¶p ]mÀesaâp sXcsªSp¸neqsS P\§Ä Ahsc hoWvSpw ]Tn¸n¨p.
CXnsâ shfn¨¯nemWp kahmb\o¡§Ä¡p ]mÀ«n Xs¶ ap³ssIsbSp¯Xv. sXäpIÄ H«\h[n ]änt¸mbn, AsXÃmw Xncp¯pw F¶p tZiob P\dÂ sk{I«dn Xs¶ {]kwKn¡pIbpw FgpXpIbpw sNbvXp. Nn´bvs¡m¯ hm¡pw hm¡n\p tNÀ¶ {]hr¯nbpw am\yXbpsS e£WamWsÃm F¶p [cn¨ph¨ncp¶ P\m[n]XyhnizmknIÄ Bizmkw sImÅpIbpw sNbvXp.
]t£, Hgp¡nbX{Xbpw apXe¡®ocmsW¶p Xncn¨dnbm³ Znhk§tf thWvSnh¶pÅq. Cc In«msX heª Ipdp¡sâ Iuiew am{Xambncp¶p kahmb\o¡sa¶p hyàambn. C¯hW tImgnt¡mSp kÀÆIemimebpsS IognepÅ cWvSp saUn¡Â tImfPpIfpsSbpw cWvSv F©n\obdnwKv tImfPpIfpsSbpw A^nentbj³ kn³Unt¡äns\s¡mWvSp d±p sN¿n¨psImWvSmWv ]mÀ«n X\n kz`mhw shfns¸Sp¯nbXv. Hcp hi¯p kahmb\o¡hpw adphi¯p ITmc{]tbmKhpw!
\yq\]£Øm]\§tfmSv, {]tXyIn¨p ss{IkvXhØm]\§tfmSv IayqWnÌp]mÀ«n¡v C{X Xocm¸IbpWvSmIm³ bpàn¡p \nc¡p¶ Fs´¦nepw ImcWapÅXmbn tXm¶nbn«nÃ. Adnhnsâbpw BtcmKy¯nsâbpw sXmgnensâbpw taJeIfnÂ hnIkt\m·pJamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡p t\XrXzw \ÂIn s¡mWvSp kmaqlnI]ptcmKXn ssIhcn¡m³ X§fmemhXp {]bXv\n¨p F¶ A]cm[ta \mfnXphsc ss{IkvXhk`IÄ sNbvXn«pÅq. F¶pw hÀ¤kacw \S¯m³ Zcn{ZÀ Zcn{Zcmbn¯s¶ DWvSmbncn¡Ww F¶ \nÀ_ÔapÅXpsImWvSmhmw C¯cw hnIk\{]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¯p¶htcmSv amÀIvknÌpImÀ¡p ]IbpWvSmhp¶Xv. \mSp hnIkn¡pt¼mÄ sImSn]nSn¡m\pw PmY \S¯m\pw BfpIÄ Ipdªpt]mImw F¶ Bi¦bpw AhÀ¡pWvSsÃm.
AtXmsSm¸w Xs¶ hn¹h¯neqsS tNmc¸pcsbmgp¡msX ssIhcn¡mhp¶ ]cnhÀ¯\§fpw hnIk\hpw IayqWnÌp {]Øm\¯n\p kzoImcyaÃ. AXpsImWvSmWv 1947þÂ kzmX{´yw In«nbn«pw bYmÀ°kzmX{´yw C´ybv¡p ssIh¶n«nÃ F¶p \nehnfn¨psImWvSp Ipsd¡mewIqSn AhÀ Xe§pw hne§pw \S¶Xv. almßmKmÔnbpsS AlnwkmßIhpw A{IaclnXhpamb kl\kacssien F§s\bmWp kJm¡Ä¡p a\ÊnemhpI?
ASn¨aÀ¯s¸«hcpsS tamN\hpw kmaqlnI\oXnbpw e£yam¡n AÀ¸Wt_m[t¯msS Icp¸nSn¡p¶ tkh\mßIamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä kmaqlnILS\sb ASnapSn s]mfns¨gpXp¶ \nÈ_vZhn¹hambn¯ocmdpWvSv. A§s\sbm¶mWp tIcf¯nÂ ]Xns\«mw \qämWvSnepw ]s¯m¼Xmw\qämWvSnsâ ]qÀÆmÀ[¯nepambn kw`hn¨Xv. hnZym`ymk, BXpcip{iqj, km¼¯nI, ZfnXv kap²mcWXe§fnseÃmw AXp Ne\§fpWvSm¡n. AXnsâ k©nX^eamWp ]nev¡me¯p hnIk\¯nsâ tIcftamUÂ F¶p hnfn¡s¸«Xv.
DbÀ¶ hnZym`ymk\nehmcw, BbpÀssZÀLyw, Ipdª inipacW\nc¡v, DbÀ¶ PohnXssien, D¶Xamb kzXzt_m[hpw kzmX{´yt_m[hpw, km¼¯nIamb kzbw]cym]vXXþ CsXms¡bmWp Ipdsªmcp Imew ap¼phsc tIcfs¯ C´ybpsS CXc`mK§fnÂ\n¶p hyXncnàam¡nbXv. temI¯nsâ t]mepw {i² Cu sNdnb P\hn`mK¯nsâ taÂ ]Xnbm\nSbm¡nbXv.
]pkvXIhpw ]{Xhpw hmbn¡p¶hcpsS kwJy aäpÅhsc apgph³ AÛpXs¸Sp¯pIbpw Akqb sImÅn¡pIbpw sN¿¯¡hn[¯nÂ Gsdbmbncp¶p tIcf¯nÂ. ChnsSbpÅ A¨SnimeIÄ, hÀ¯am\¸{X§Ä, ]pkvXI{]km[\imeIÄ, {KÙimeIÄ kmwkvImcnI{]Øm\§Ä F¶nhbpsS ssh]peyhpw BÝcyP\Iambncp¶p. CXnsâsbÃmw XpS¡¡mÀ ss{IkvXhanjWdnamcpw Ahsc ]n´pSÀ¶ Xt±it\XrXzhpambncp¶p. Ncn{XhkvXpX AwKoIcn¨p Xcm³ ChnsSbpÅ apJy[mcm t\Xm¡Ä Hcn¡epw X¿mdmbn«nÃ. AhtcmSp tNÀ¶p IayqWnÌp t\XrXzhpw Cu kXys¯ AdnªpsImWvSp \ntj[n¡pIbmWp sNbvXXv. ImcWw, C¯c¯nepÅ \ni_vZhn¹htam ]cnhÀ¯\tam AhÀ¡v AwKoIcn¡m³ IgnbnÃ; a\ÊnemhpIbpanÃ.
AXnsâ Gähpw Ahkm\s¯ DZmlcWambncp¶p, ASp¯Ime¯v AwKoImcanÃm¯ kvIqfpIÄ¡p t\tcbpWvSmb \o¡§Ä. AhnIknX{]tZi§fnÂ kÀ¡mÀ Øm]\§tfm kwLSnX{]Øm\§tfm F¯nt¨cm¯ P\hmktI{µ§fnemWv C¯cw kvIqfpIÄ GsdbpÅXv. AhbnÂ `qcn`mKhpw \yq\]£§fptSXpamWv. CXdnªpsImWvSmWv AhbpsS amt\PÀamÀs¡Xnsc {Inan\Â tIskSp¡m\pw Ahsc AdÌp sNbvXp PbneneSbv¡m\papÅ hnNn{Xamb kÀ¡mÀ D¯chp ]pds¸«Xv! `cWLS\mhncp²amb Cu \o¡hpw tImSXnbpsS CSs]SeneqsS Noänt¸mbn. hoWXp hnZy F¶ \nebnÂ, Xsâ alma\kvIX {]ISn¸n¡m³ hnZym`ymka{´n¡v Ahkchpw e`n¨p. At±lw {]Jym]n¨p: tImSXnhn[ns¡Xnsc A¸oÂ t]mIp¶nÃ!
AwKoImcw DÅhbpw CÃm¯hbpamb C¯cw Øm]\§sfÃmw \qämWvSpIÄ \ofp¶ k`bpsS hnZym`ymkt{]jnXXz¯nse XpSÀI®nIfmWv. eWvS³ anj³ skmsskänbpsS AwKambn 1806þÂ XncphnXmwIqdnse¯nb hneyw tXm_nbmkv dnwKnÄ tSm_v F¶ t{]m«Ìâv anj\dn \mKÀtImhnen\p kao]w ssaemSnbnÂ Øm]n¨ hnZymebamWv \½psS B[p\nIhnZym`ymkNcn{X¯nse BZyØm]\w. CXns\¯pSÀ¶v FÃmhn`mKw anjWdnamcpw hnZym`ymkcwK¯p {i² tI{µoIcn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw. AhsbÃmw kaql¯nse A[:ØnXhn`mK§Ä¡v, \nehnepÅ XoWvSÂ sXmSoÂ XpS§nb A\mNmc§sf AhKWn¨v, {]tXyIw kuIcyw Hcp¡p¶Xn\p {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯m³ anjWdnamÀ {]tXyIw {i²n¨ncp¶p.
1865Â, Nmhd Ipcymt¡mkv Genbmk¨³ hcm¸pg cq]Xbnse kpdnbm\nhn`mKw It¯men¡cpsS NpaXebpÅ hnImcn P\dmfmbncp¶ Ime¯p ]pds¸Sphn¨ Hcp kÀ¡peÀ tIcfhnZym`ymkNcn{X¯nse cPXtcJbmbn amdn. A¶p \nehnepWvSmbncp¶ 160 kpdnbm\n It¯men¡mtZhmeb§tfmSp tNÀ¶pw kvIqfpIÄ Øm]n¡m\mbncp¶p \nÀt±iw. A§s\ sN¿m¯ CShIIÄ¡v "AwiapS¡p' WvSmhpw F¶ ap¶bn¸pw kÀ¡pednepWvSmbncp¶p.
CXns\¯pSÀ¶v sIm¨n, hcm¸pg, sImÃw cq]XIfnsebpw ]n¶oSv N§\mticn, XriqÀ hnImcnbm¯pIfnsebpw hntZisa{Xm·mÀ Xs¶ hnZym`ymk]ptcmKXn¡pthWvSn A£oW{]bXv\w sN¿p¶Xmbn ImWmw. ]n¶oSv cq]Xmt\XrXzw kztZin sa{Xm·mcpsS NpaXebnembn¡gnªt¸mÄ C¯cw {]hÀ¯\§fpsS KXnthKw hÀ²n¨p. CXnsâ ^eambn kzmX{´y{]m]vXn¡p ap¼p Xs¶, XncphnXmwIqÀ, sIm¨n, ae_mÀ {]tZi§Ä C´ybpsS aäp {]tZi§sf At]£n¨p hnZym`ymktaJebnÂ {it²bamb t\«§Ä ssIhcn¨p. kzmX{´ym\´cL«¯nepw CXnsâ Xo£vWX IpdªnÃ. 2001þ2006 Imes¯ bp.Un.F^v. Kh¬saâv kzm{ibhnZym`ymkØm]\§Ä A\phZn¨t¸mÄ B cwK¯pw `mcn¨ D¯chmZnXzw GsäSp¡m³ ss{IkvXhk`mt\XrXzw kmlknIambn apt¶m«p h¶Xv B Xo£vWX \jvSs¸SmsX \n¶XpsImWvSmWv.
hnZym`ymktaJebnse Cu ss{IkvXhapt¶äw XSÊsam¶panÃm¯ Hcp GIapJ {]hmlambncp¶nÃ. 1865 apXÂ {Kmâp \evIn kvIqfpIsf klmbn¡m³ XncphnXmwIqdnsebpw sIm¨nbnsebpw Kh¬saâpIÄ apt¶m«p hs¶¦nepw AXp e`n¡m³ {]Xn_Ô§tfsdbpWvSmbncp¶p. tPymXnjw DÄs¸sSbpÅ kÀ¡mÀ ]mTy]²Xn ]n´pScWsa¶ hyhØ ss{IkvXhamt\Pvsaân\p kzoImcyambncp¶nÃ. F¦nepw CShIkaql¯nÂ\n¶p Xs¶ km¼¯nItijn kamlcn¨v Ahsbms¡ \S¯ns¡mWvSpt]mIm³ ss{IkvXhk`mt\XrXzw X¿mdmbn. ]nev¡me¯v 1945þÂ XncphnXmwIqÀ Znhm³ kÀ kn]n cmakzman A¿À ss{]adn kvIqÄ tZikmXvIcW ¯n\p ]²Xnbn«t¸mÄ {][m\ambpw e£ywh¨Xp ss{IkvXhØm]\§sfbmbncp¶p. N§\mticn sa{Xm³ amÀ Pbnwkv ImfmticnbpsS t\XrXz¯nÂ ss{IkvXhkaqlw B \o¡s¯ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯n.
kzmX{´ye_v[n¡ptijw, tIcf¯nse IayqWnÌp Kh¬saâv 1957 se hnZym`ymk \nba¯neqsS \yq\]£Øm]\§sf XIÀ¡m³ Icp\o¡n. ]t£, {]kn²amb hntamN\kacw F¶ P\m[n]Xyhn¹h¯neqsS B \o¡s¯bpw P\§Ä XIÀ¯pIfªp. ]n¶oSv 1972þ73 Ime¯v D¶XhnZym`ymktaJebnse ss{IkvXhkzm[o\w XIÀ¡pI F¶ e£yt¯msS Nne \o¡§fpWvSmbn. AXmWp tImfPpkac¯nÂ Iemin¨Xv. AhnsSbpw k`bpsS hnZym`ymktaJe ]cn¡nÃmsX c£s¸«p. AXn\ptijw kwLSnXamb Hcm{IaWw DWvSmhp¶Xp 2006 se kzm{ibhnZym`ymk_nÃnsâ cq]¯nÂ IayqWnÌp ]mÀ«nbnÂ \n¶mWv. AhnsSbpw i{Xp¡Ä¡p e£yw t\Sm\mbnÃ F¶ Xncn¨dnhmWv, ]pXnb kahmb\o¡§Ä¡p ]n¶nepÅXv. ]t£, CXphscbpÅ kqN\IÄ \ap¡v Bizmk¯n\p hI \evIp¶nÃ. cm£kiànIfpsS ambmthj§Ä t]mse i{Xphnsâ AShp\b§Ä Hs¶m¶mbn ]pd¯ph¶psImWvSncn¡p¶p. IpªmSpIfpsS thj¯nÂ AhcnÂ ]ecpw Ct¸mÄ CSbaµnc§fnÂ Ibdnbnd§p¶p. ]t£, BenwK\¯n\p \ofp¶ B ssIIÄ¡p ]n¶nÂ Hcp [rXcmjv{SIuiew Hfnªncn¡p¶ntÃ F¶mWp kwibw!