aebmfhnaÀi\¯nsâ cmPhoYnIsf {]Imiam\am¡ns¡mWvSv \nesImWvS kqcytXPkv C\nbnÃ. a\pjysâ A\p`h§fn Gähpw hnjaw ]nSn¨ L«amWv tcmK¯nsâ Imew F¶p Ipdn¨ sI.]n. A¸³ B hnjaL«s¯bpw IS¶v acW¯nsâ kuµcys¯ ]qInbncn¡p¶p. aebmfhnaÀi\kmlnXy¯n sI.]n. A¸³ F¶ hyànbpsS km¶n[yw \ap¡p \ÂInbXv F´mbncp¶psh¶v kmlnXymkzmZIÀ¡pw Fgp¯pImÀ¡pw Gähpa[nIw shfns¸Sm³ t]mIp¶Xv At±l¯nsâ A`mhw XoÀ¡p¶ Cu iq\yIme¯mbncn¡pw. ]mcntXmjnI§fpsSbpw Øm\am\§fpsSbpw temIhpambn _ÔhntÑZw sN¿pIbpw Xsâ hn]pehmb\m\p`h¯n sXfnªpIn«nb \£{Xtim`bpÅ Bib§sf {]Wbn¨v Pohn¡pIbpw sNbvX GImInbmbncp¶p At±lw. hnthIimenIfmb hmb\¡mcmbncp¶p A¸³kmdnsâ e£yw.
\h`mht_m[w {]ISn¸n¡p¶ kmlnXyIrXnItfmSv B`napJyw ]peÀ¯pIbpw kmlnXys¯bpw hnaÀi\s¯bpwIpdn¨pÅ ]c¼cmKXamb hnizmkamXrIIsf XnckvIcn¨v ]pXnsbmcp kmlnXyt_m[hpw hnaÀi\ho£Whpw {]ISn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX hnaÀiI³. kmlnXy¯nse aqeykwc£WhmZnIsfbpw kZmNmchmZnIsfbpw FXnÀ¯v IebpsS kuµcy]chpw ZmÀi\nIhpw `mjm]chpamb Awi¯n\v {]m[m\yw \ÂInb \ntj[n. kmlnXyImc\pw hnaÀiI\pw GsX¦nepw cmjv{Sobkn²m´§Ä¡v Xsâ _p²nsb ]Wbs¸Sp¯m³ ]mSnsöpw hnaÀi\w [ym\kam\amb {]hr¯nbmsW¶pw IcpXnb hyàn:þ sI.]n. A¸s\¶ \ncq]I\pw hyànbpw A²ym]I\pw C§s\ ]eXpIfpsS Hcp kwLmXambncp¶p.
II
1960þIfnepw 70þIfnepw \½psS kmlnXy¯n kw`hn¨ amä§Äs¡m¸amWv sI.]n. A¸³ hnaÀi\cwKt¯¡p h¶Xv. A¡me¯v IY, IhnX, t\mh F¶o taJeIfn Icpt¯msS AhXcn¨ ]pXpkrjvSnIÄ hmb\¡mcnÂ\n¶pw hnaÀiIcnÂ\n¶pw ]pXnsbmcp kuµcymßIin£Whpw kwthZ\hpw Bhiys¸«p. \ne\n¶ncp¶ hnaÀi\kn²m´§Ä¡v ]pXp`mhpIXzs¯ DÄs¡mÅmt\m kaNn¯XtbmsS kao]n¡mt\m IgnbmsX h¶ ZimkÔnbn Hcp ]pXphnaÀi\kao]\w Ncn{X]camb A\nhmcyXbmbn. kmlnXyIrXnIfpsS kmaqlnIam\¯n\v {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶sX¶pw, kuµcymßIhpw aqeym[njvTnXhpamb k¦ev]§Ä¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶sX¶papÅ hnaÀi\]²XnIfmbncp¶p Adp]XpIfn ChnsS B[n]Xyw ]peÀ¯nbncp¶Xv. B[p\nIXmhmZL«cN\Isf ]mc¼cy\njvTamb hnaÀi\k¦ev]§ÄsImWvSv ChÀ t\cn«p. B[p\nIXmhmZL«kmlnXyImc·mcpw cN\Ifpw AXn\ninXamb B{IaW¯n\p hnt[bambn. kmlnXycwK¯v CXv kuµcyimkv{X]camb {]XnkÔn krjvSn¨p. Cu L«¯nemWv aebmf¯nse B[p\nIXmhmZkuµcyNn´bpsS Gähpw ià\mb hàmhpw ]cnc£I\pambn sI.]n. A¸³ cwK{]thiw sN¿p¶Xv.
B[p\nIXmhmZkmlnXy¯nsâ hniIe\¯n\v IqSpX ]cnKW\ sImSp¯ At±l¯nsâ hnaÀi\ne]mSpIfpw kmlnXyho£Whpw bmYmØnXnIkuµcyk¦ev]§sf \ncmIcn¨v thdns«mcp hnaÀi\ssien AhXcn¸n¨p. `mjbpsS [z\ymßIXbv¡pw Bib§fpsS hn]peamb klkw_ԧġpw Du¶Â \ÂIp¶ A¸sâ hnaÀi\ho£W§tfmSv hntbmPn¡p¶hÀ t]mepw At±lw \S¯nb khntijamb kmlnXyhmb\sb Kuch]qÀÆw ho£n¡p¶p. Fgp¯pImc³ hn¹hw krjvSn¡p¶Xv kmaqlnIþPohnXcwK§fneÃ; adn¨v `mjbnemsW¶v At±lw {]kvXmhn¨p. a\pjymkvXnXzs¯ kw_Ôn¡p¶ {]iv\§fpsS t\À¡v Ignª Xeapd {]ISn¸n¨ IpäIcamb DZmko\Xbvs¡Xncmbn aebmf¯nse {]Xntj[n¡p¶ Xeapd \S¯nb Iem]ambn At±lw B[p\nIXmhmZkmlnXys¯ Xncn¨dnªp. aebmf¯nse B[p\nIXmhmZkmlnXys¯ bmYmØnXnIhnaÀiIÀ IYbnÃmbvasb¶p ]dªmt£]n¨t¸mÄ IYbnÃmbvabpsS DÅnte¡p IS¶v ImWm¡YIfpsS lcnX`wKn Zriyam¡phm³ At±l¯n\mbn. amcmcpsSbpw apWvSticnbpsSbpw Xeapd hnaÀi\¯n sImWvSph¶ ]pXpabpw hn¹hIcamb kz`mhhpw ]n³XpSÀ¶v apt¶dm³ ASp¯ Xeapdbv¡v IgnbmsX h¶t¸mÄ A¡mZanIvhnaÀi\¯nsâ Nn«s¸Sp¯nb aqey\nÀ®bcoXnbnte¡p hnaÀi\w Npcp§n. C¯csamchØbn \n¶v \ncq]Ws¯ tamNn¸n¨v IebpsS Xe¯nte¡pbÀ¯pIsb¶ ZuXyamWv sI.]n. A¸³ \nÀÆln¨Xv. t£m`¯nsâ Bebn aqÀ¨s¸Sp¯nb hm¡pIsf \nc´cIel¯n\pw Xsâ ho£W§fpsS kaÀ°\¯n\pambn At±lw Ft¸mgpw X¿mdm¡n kq£n¨p. F¶m Xsâ Ielw hyàn]camb B{IaWamImXncn¡m\pw At±lw {i²n¨p. hnaÀiI[À½w hyànlXybsöpw Bib]camb hntbmPn¸pIsf AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv {]mÀ°\mIÀ½a\pjvTn¡p¶ hnip²ntbmsSbmbncn¡Wsa¶pw hnizkn¨ A¸³ hnaÀi\[À½s¯¡pdn¨v hyàamb Aht_m[w ]peÀ¯nbncp¶p.
""hnaÀiIsâ [À½w kmlnXyIebpsS hn[n\nÀ®bw Xs¶. \½psS ImeL«¯nse Gähpw k¼¶amb a\Êns\ hymJym\n¨v aebmf`mh\bpsS apJy[mcbn AXn\pÅ {]kàn IsWvS¯pI F¶XmWv C¶s¯ hnaÀiIsâ [À½w. AXmWbmfpsS kaImenIZuXyw. AtXmsSm¸w A[akmlnXys¯ \ncmIcn¡m\pw bmYmØnXnI\ne]mSpIsf tNmZyw sN¿m\pw AbmÄ¡p IgnbWw. B{IaWw hnaÀi\IebpsS `mKambn¯ocp¶Xv Cu Ahkc¯nemWv. Cu kµÀ`¯n ]cpjhpw CfIm¯Xpamb hm¡pIÄ {]tbmKn¡m³ AbmÄ _m[yØ\mWv. kXykÔambn ]dbp¶ hm¡pIÄ shSnacp¶pt]mse s]m«ns¯dn¡pIbpw s]s«¶v ]cpt¡ev]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. B{IaWw hyàntbmSÃ, Bib§tfmSmWv. Rm\n¡mcy§Ä aXIÀ½¯nsâ ]cnip²ntbmsS sN¿p¶p. B{IaWw Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ss[jWnIPohnX¯n Rm³ \S¯p¶ {]mÀ°\bmWv.'' (Iem]w hnhmZw hnebncp¯Â, A`napJwþ 1994 ]pdw 206).
kÀKmßIamb kmlnXy¯nsâ A´À`mh§sf `mh\mk¼¶amb `mjbneqsS ]p\:krjvSn¡p¶ {]{Inb IqSnbmWv \ncq]Isâ {]hÀ¯\w. A§s\bmIpt¼mÄ kmlnXycNbnXmhns\t¸mse \ncq]I\pw `mh\mk¼¶\mbncn¡Ww. tIhe]mÞnXyw \à \ncq]W¯n\v P·w \ÂIp¶nÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶bmhWw ]mÞnXy¯nsâbpw `mh\bpsSbpw kay¡mb taf\¯neqsS cq]s¸« hnaÀi\k¦ev]¯nsâ D¶Xamb amXrI sI.]n. A¸³ \½psS ap¼n AhXcn¸n¨Xv. {]Xn`mimenbmb Cu hnaÀiI³ kao]\¯nse kXykÔXsImWvSpw auenI\nco£W§fpsS AhXcW¯neqsSbpw \s½ hnkvabn¸n¨p. Ime¯ns\m¯v \hoIcn¡s¸« Nn´bpsS sXfnabn \n¶pw DuÀÖw kzoIcn¡p¶Xn hnaÀiI³ DZmko\\mhcpXv. kz´amsbmcp kuµcyZÀi\s¯ ap³\nÀ¯nbmhWw ]pXnb Nn´ItfmSv AbmÄ kulrZw Øm]nt¡WvSXv. Cu hkvXpX ap³\nÀ¯n Nn´n¡pt¼mgmWv sI.]n. A¸\pw At±l¯nsâ hnaÀiIPohnX¯n\pw {]kàntbdp¶Xv.
III
sI.]n.A¸³ Xsâ BZy]pkvXI¯n AhXcn¸n¡pIbpw Gsd {i²n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvX Bib§Ä \½psS B[p\nIXmhmZ{]Øm\¯nsâ khntijXIfpambn _Ôs¸«hbmbncp¶p. "t£m`n¡p¶hcpsS kphntij' s¯¯pSÀ¶v ]pd¯ph¶ ]pkvXI§sfms¡bpw cN\bpsS hgnbnse hfÀ¨bpsS ZnimkqNI§sf¶ a«n hÀ¯n¡p¶p. Hcp hnaÀiIs\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Gähpw {][m\w cN\bneqsS AbmÄ {]ISn¸n¡p¶ lnwkmßIhyànXzamWv. Cu lnwkmßIhyànXzamWv ]hn{Xsa¶p IcpXnbncp¶ ]eXns\bpw XnckvIcn¡m³ hnaÀiI\pÅ {]tNmZ\w. A¡mZanIv hnaÀiIÀ¡pw kmlnXy¯nse aqeykwc£IÀ¡psaXntc {]XnIcn¡pt¼mÄ Cu lnwkmßIX sI.]n. A¸\nepw \ap¡v ImWm\mhpw. amcmscbpw kn.sP. tXmakns\bpw {]IoÀ¯n¡phm³ sI.]n. A¸³ X¿mdmbXnsâ ImcWhpw asäm¶Ã. \ho\kmlXyIrXnIsf hnebncp¯nbt¸mgpw bmYmØnXnIhpw A¡mZanIhpamb hnaÀi\coXnItfmSp Ieln¨t¸mgpw sXfnª Nn´bpsS km¶n[yw hmZ§fn \ndªp\n¶p. apt¼ \S¶hsc¡pdn¨pÅ ITn\amb AXr]vXnbmWv Xsâ hnaÀi\¯nsâ Pohs\¶pw X\n¡p ap¶n amXrIIsfm¶pw Csöpw {]Jym]n¡m³ At±lw aSn¨nÃ. Bbnc¯ns¯mÅmbnc¯n Fgp]XpIfpsS BZy]IpXnbn ]pd¯ph¶ "t£m`n¡p¶hcpsS kphntij' amWv aebmf¯n \ho\hnaÀi\\¯nsâ {]tbmKXes¯ bmYmÀ°yam¡nbXv. Im^vI, Imap, sjs\sbms\kvtIm F¶nhsc ]pkvXIw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pIbpw B[p\nIkmlnXyIrXnIfn {]iv\ImcWw PohnXamsW¶pw PohnXkw`h§fsöpapÅ Xncn¨dnhnte¡v \s½ F¯n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. \ho\kmlnXys¯bpw hnaÀi\s¯bpw kw_Ôn¨ kn²m´]camb Imcy§fpw CS¸Ån¡hnXsb¸änbpÅ ]pXnb \nco£W§fpw DÄt¨À¶n«pÅ Cu {KÙt¯mSv \½psS B[p\nIXmhmZkmlnXyw ISs¸«ncn¡p¶p. kÀKmßIkrjvSnIfnse B[p\nIX, F´mWv \ho\hnaÀi\w, \ho\XbpsS km[yXIÄ XpS§nbh hnhcn¨ Cu ]pkvXIw kmlnXytaJebnse bmYmØnXnI {]`rXnIfn ]cn{`m´n P\n¸n¨p.
cWvSmas¯ IrXnbmb "XnckvImcw' \ho\hnaÀiIsâ kmlnXyX¯z§Ä hniIe\w sN¿p¶p. sI.]n. A¸³ F¶ hnaÀiIsâ kuµcyimkv{X{KÙamWnXv. Fgp¯pImcsâ kzmX{´ys¯¡pdn¨pÅ hniZamb NÀ¨ ]pkvXIw DÄs¡mÅp¶p. kmaqlnI{]iv\§sf¸änbpÅ hymIpeXIÄ Fgp¯pImcsâ NpaXebnÂs¸Sp¶nÃ. `mjbn hnaÀiI³ hcpt¯WvS \hoIcWs¯¸änbpw ]pkvXIw NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p. \hoIcn¡s¸Sm¯Xpw Xpcps¼Sp¯Xpamb A`ncpNnIfpw Nn´Ifpw apdpsI¸nSn¨v ]mÞnXy¯nsâ [mcmfn¯¯n hmb\¡msc ap¡ns¡mÃp¶ A¡mZanIv ]ÞnX·mÀs¡XntcbpÅ Iem]mlzm\w IqSnbmWv Cu IrXn. "Ielhpw hnizmkhpw' F¶ {KÙ¯nse BZyteJ\¯n¯s¶ cmjv{SobaÞe§fn \n¶pw Fgp¯pImÀ AI¶pamdWsa¶ \ne]mSv At±lw apt¶m«p h¨p. Fgp¯pImctâXv cmjv{Sobhn¹hImcnbpsS tPmenbÃ. Iesbbpw cmjv{Sobs¯bpw _Ôn¸n¡phm³ {ian¡pt¼mÄ AXv IebpsS hn]¯n\p ImcWamIp¶p. cmjv{Sobw bpànbne[njvTnXamWv. PohnXw ASnØm\]cambn AbpànIhpw. bpànbne[njvTnXamb cmjv{Sob¯nsâ {]iv\]cnlmc§Ä AbpànIamb PohnX¯nsâ {]iv\§Ä¡v A´na]cnlmcamhpIbnÃ. AXn\m Fgp¯pImc³ cmjv{SobZÀi\§Ä¡¸pdapÅ ZpcnXmhØIfpsS D¯camWv At\zjnt¡WvSXv. amÀIvknb³ ZÀi\§fpsS kzm[o\w aebmfkmlnXy¯n IS¶phcp¶Xnt\¡pdn¨pw Cu {KÙw NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p. BZyImeamÀIvknb³ hnaÀiIsc XÅn¸dbpt¼mgpw \hamÀIvknb³ hnaÀi\Nn´Ifn sI.]n. A¸³ {]Xo£bÀ¸n¡p¶p. P·¯n\p ImcWamb ssewKnIXsb Xn·bmbn ImWm³ ]pXnb Ime Fgp¯pImÀ¡v km[n¡pIbnsöp ]dªpsImWvSv B[p\nIkmlnXyIrXnIfnse ssewKnIXbv¡v \ymboIcWw \ÂIm\pw At±lw {ian¡p¶p. hnaÀi\Iesb¡pdn¨pÅ KuchNn´Ifpw ]pkvXIw ]¦phbv¡p¶p. "amdp¶ aebmf t\mhÂ' F¶ IrXn sI.]n. A¸sâ {]bpà\ho\hnaÀi\{KÙ (Book of applied new Criticism) sa¶v hntijn¸n¡s¸« {KÙamWv. Fw.Sn, Im¡\mS³, hnPb³, tkXp, apIpµ³, B\µv, ]p\¯n Ipª_vZpÅ, hn.sI.F³ XpS§nbhcpsS t\mhepIfmWv ]pkvXIw hniI\w sN¿p¶Xv. "Iem]w hnhmZw hnebncp¯Â' A¡mZanIv hnaÀi\¯ns\Xncmb cq£]cnlmkw DÄs¡mÅp¶p. Cu {KÙ¯nse Nne teJ\§Ä ap³Ime IrXnIfn ]dªhbpsS hn]peoIcWhpw hniZoIcWhpamWv. aebmf`mh\ aqey§fpw kwLÀj§fpw, hcIfpw hÀW§fpw, t]\bpsS kacapJ§Ä, C¶seIfnse At\zjW]cntim[\IÄ, hnthIimenbmb hmb\¡mcm, {]tIm]\§fpsS ]pkvXIw, Ncn{Xs¯ \n§Äs¡m¸w Iq«pI XpS§nb IrXnIsfms¡bpw kmlnXyhniIe\§fpw hnaÀi\Iebnse {]iv\§fpw NÀ¨sN¿p¶hbmWv.
B[p\nIXmhmZkmlnXyw am{Xw NÀ¨ sN¿p¶hbmbncp¶nà sI.]n. A¸sâ hnaÀi\w. kn.hn. cma³]nÅsbbpw N´ptat\ms\bpw ]pXnb Ime¯nsâ shfn¨¯n ]p\Àaqey\nÀWb\¯n\v hnt[bam¡phm\pw XIgn, tZhv F¶nhcpsS kmlnXyIrXnIÄ hnebncp¯phm\pw At±lw {ian¨p. kmlnXyhnaÀi\¯nse sXämb hg¡§Ä¡p t\sc Xsâ \nem]mSpIfn Dd¨p\n¶v {]XnIcn¡phm³ At±lw X¿mdmbn. D¯cm[p\nIXsb¡pdn¨pÅ Xsâ ho£W§Ä 'D¯cm[p\nIX þhÀ¯am\hpw hwimhenbpw' F¶ ]pkvXI¯n At±lw AhXcn¸n¨p. aebmfIYbpsS t\ÀtcJmhniIe\¯n\pÅ {iaambncp¶p "IYþBJym\hpw A\p`hk¯bpw' F¶ {KÙw. B[p\nI]qÀÆ Fgp¯pImcpw B[p\nIcpw B[p\nIm\´cL«kmlnXyImc·mcpw hnebncp¯en\v hnt[bamIp¶ ]pkvXIamWnXv. kmlnXyIrXnIfnse Imek¦ev]s¯¸änbpÅ \nco£W§fmWv "kab{]hmlhpw kmlnXyIebpw'. aebmf¯n Cu hgn¡pÅ BZys¯ ka{Kmt\zjWamWv Cu {KÙw. kmlnXyIrXnIfpsS hmb\bn ]pXnsbmc\p`hw {]Zm\w sN¿p¶Xn\v Cu ]T\w klmbIambn«pWvSv. \qX\amb Hct\zjW¯nsâ \£{Xtim` ]c¯p¶ IrXnbmWnXv. tcmK§Ä kmlnXy`mh\sb cq]s¸Sp¯p¶Xns\¡pdn¨pÅ At\zjWamWv "tcmKhpw kmlnXy`mh\bpw.'
ss__nfns\ Hcp aX{KÙsa¶\nebn am{Xw ImWmsX AXnse kuµcymwis¯ shfns¸Sp¯m\pw _nw_§sf hniZoIcn¡m\pw "ss__nÄ þ shfn¨¯nsâ IhNw' F¶ ]pkvXIw {ian¡p¶p. ss__nÄ AhXcn¸n¡p¶ ZmÀi\nIclky§fnte¡v hmb\¡msc F¯n¡phm\pw ]pXnsbmcp hmb\bv¡v km[yXsbmcp¡phm\pw At±l¯n\p Ignªp. ss__nÄ hymJym\ambncp¶nà At±lw \nÀÆln¨Xv. adn¨v AXns\ ]p\ÀkrjvSn¡m\pÅ {iaambncp¶p. IYm]m{X§sfbpw kµÀ`§sfbpw At±lw doþUnkvIj³ sN¿pIbmbncp¶p. XtâXmb {InkvXphns\ IsWvS¯pIbmbncp¶p. A¸sâ ss__nÄ teJ\§Ä {InkvXym\nIsft¸mepw AÛpXs¸Sp¯n. ss__nfnsâ `mjbpw AXnse B´cnIkwKoXhpsaÃmw A¸s\ aäpÅhcn \n¶v hyXykvX\m¡nsb¶v Im¡\mS³ NqWvSn¡mWn¡p¶p. (bYmÀ°hmb\¡mc³: IemIuapZn. e¡w. 1738. ]pdw 31). "a[pcw \nsâ PohnXw' F¶ {KÙ¯n ssZhs¯ {]khn¨ tacnsb XtâXmb coXnbn IsWvS¯nbt¸mÄ tacnhnÚm\obs¯ kw_Ôn¨ km{¼ZmbnIhpw aX\njvThpamb ]mT§Ä¡v kzmX{´y¯nsâ BImiw ImWn¨p sImSp¡pIbmbncp¶p At±lw.
IV
hnaÀi\Iebv¡v Hcp kmÀÆ{XnI`mjbpsWvS¶pw bpànhnNmcssienbpsWvS¶papÅ ]c¼cmKXk¦ev]§sf Cf¡namän ]p¯³Nn´sb {]XnjvTn¡m\pÅ {iaamWv sI.]n. A¸³ \S¯nbXv. FÃmhÀ¡pw lnXIcambh am{Xw ]dªv hnaÀi\temI¯v Xsâ Øm\apd¸n¡m³ At±lw {ian¨nÃ. hnaÀi\¯nse ]gb XeapdtbmSv Ieln¨v Xsâ hnaÀi\hyànXzw Øm]ns¨Sp¯ sI.]n. A¸\v ]pXphnaÀiItcmSpw ]qÀ®aambpw tbmPn¡m\mbnÃ. kaImenIaebmfhnaÀi\w ssk²m´nI\nÀanXnIÄ am{Xambn amdp¶Xns\Xnsc At±lw iàambn FgpXn. A¡mZanIv sshPvRm\nIaÞet¯mSv {]ISn¸n¨ AXnXmev]cyw kn²m´§tfmSpÅ {]Xn]¯nbpsS cq]¯n C¶v aebmfhnaÀi\¯n \ne\n¡p¶psh¶pw km[mcW¡mÀ¡v A]cnNnXamb kn²m´§fpsS _mlpeyw \½psS kmlnXyhnaÀi\s¯ k¦oÀ®am¡p¶psh¶pw At±lw hnizkn¨p.
sI.]n. A¸³ F¶ kmlnXyhnaÀiI³ sXäpIfnÃm¯ icnIfpsS am{Xw ]pkvXIambncp¶psh¶v aebmfkmlnXytemIw hnizkn¡p¶nÃ. At±l¯nsâ hnaÀi\\ne]mSpIÄ, kmlnXyho£Ww Acmjv{Sobambk¦ev]§Ä, B[p\nIþD¯cm[p\nI kmlnXyk¦ev]§Ä XpS§nbhsbms¡ FXnÀ¸n\v hnjbambn«pWvSv. ]t£, At¸mgpw Cu hnaÀiI³ \nÀÆln¨ Ncn{X]camb ZuXys¯ \ap¡v XÅn¡fbm³ km[n¡nÃ. sI.]n. A¸s\ aäp hnaÀiIcn \n¶pw hyXncnà\m¡p¶Xv Cu {]tXyIXbmWv. kt¦X_²amb ]ZkwLmX§fpsS \nÀPohXbnÂ\n¶pw hnaÀi\kmlnXys¯ IemßIam¡n DbÀ¯nbXv At±lambncp¶p. KZyw F§s\bmbncn¡Wsa¶v At±lw \ap¡v ]Tn¸n¨p X¶p. ""KZy¯n B\µss`chn cmK¯nsâ endn¡Â saeUnbpw b{´t¯m¡nsâ Icp¯pw DWvSmIWw. inhXmÞh¯nsâbpw ]mÀhXnbpsS emky\r¯¯nsâbpw ckIcamb IeÀ¸mbncn¡WaXv. AXn kmbp[t]mcm«hpw im´nKm\hpw DWvSmbncn¡Ww'' Cu am{´nIXbmWv A¸³kmdnsâ cN\Isf hyXykvXam¡nbXv. hnaÀi\hpw kÀKmßIhym]mcamsW¶v aebmfnsb ]Tn¸n¨Xv sI.]n. A¸\mbncp¶p. aebmf¯n ]pXnb kwthZ\w krjvSn¡m³ ]cym]vXamb [ocNn´IÄ AhXcn¸n¡m³ At±l¯n\p Ignªp.
sI.]n. A¸sâ Bib\ne]mSpIfpw, kmlnXyhnNmc§fpw hnaÀi\mßIambn hnebncp¯s¸tSWvSXpWvSv. kaImenIaebmfhnaÀi\¯n\v At±lt¯mSp sN¿mhp¶ D¶Xamb \oXnbpsS ASbmfambncn¡paXv. C¯cw hntbmPn¸pIÄ ]pXnb kmlnXym\p`h¯nte¡p \s½ \bn¡p¶p. BcpsSbpw Zbbpw ImcpWyhpw hnaÀiI\mb sI.]n. A¸³ Bhiys¸«nÃ. hcpwImehpw \nÀ±bamb hn[n¯oÀ¸pIfneqsS apt¶dWsa¶p am{Xta At±lhpw B{Kln¨n«pÅq. t]\bpsS kacapJ§sf At\zjn¡p¶hÀ¡mbn Bib§fpsS \ndtXm¡v Hcp¡nsh¨n«mWv At±lw \s½ hn«p]ncnªXv.
amÀIvknsâ ihkwkvImc¨S§n GwKÂkv C§s\ ]dªp: "\msfIfn Pohn¡m³ t]mIp¶ Cu a\pjy\v Hcp]mSv FXncmfnIfpWvSmhmw. ]t£ Hcp i{Xpt]mepw DWvSmhm\nSbnÃ.' Nn´bpsS \ho\Xbm hnaÀi\Iesb k¼¶am¡n IS¶pt]mb sI.]n. A¸\pw Hcp]mSv FXncmfnIÄ DWvSmhmw. ]t£ Hcp i{Xpt]mepw DWvSmhm\nSbnÃ.