IpWvSdhnfw_c¯nsâ 200þmw hmÀjnIm tLmjw XpS§nbncn¡bmWsÃm. hnfw_cs¯¸änbpÅ Nne Ncn{XbmYmÀ°y§Ä a\Ênemt¡WvSXpWvSv. hnfw_cw FgpXn {]kn²oIcn¡m\pÅ AhImiw XncphnXmwIqdn almcmPm¡·mÀ¡p am{XapÅXmWv. AXnsem¶mWsÃm t£{X{]thi\hnfw_cw. thep¯¼n¡v apt¼m ]nt¼m Hcp Znhmt\m Zfhtbm hnfw_cw ]pds¸Sphn¨n«nÃ. almcmPmhv H¸ph¨v kÀ¡mcntâXmbn P\§sf Adnbn¡p¶ P\Iob {]kvXmh\bmWv Ncn{X]cambn hnfw_cw. IpWvSdhnfw_c¯n almcmPmhv H¸ph¨n«nÃ. hnfw_c¯nse DÅS¡w cmPmhnsâbpw cmPy¯nsâbpw XmÂ]cy¯n\v hncp²hpambncp¶p. cmPmhnsâ AwKoImcanÃmsXbmWv thep¯¼n {_n«ojpImÀs¡Xnsc bp²w sNbvXXv. ap¼v Znhm\mbncp¶ XmWp]nÅbv¡v At±l¯nsâ ]nXmhv FgpXnb I¯nÂ, ""At±lw (thep¯¼n) Xs¶ Cu cmPy¯n\v cmPmhmbpw a{´nbmbpw I¼\nbpsS BÚ¡mc\mbpw Ccp¶v Cuizc³ Xm\msW¶v `mhn¨v'' F¶v FgpXnbn«pWvSv (hn.BÀ. ]ctaizc³]nÅbpsS thep¯¼n Zfh F¶ IrXn, ]pdw 213, F³._n.Fkv.)
1808 P\phcn 14þmw XobXnbmWv hnfw_cw {]kn²s¸Sp¯nbXv. amÀ¨v 15þmw XobXn cmPmhv thep¯¼nsb ZfhmØm\¯p\n¶p \o¡n. AXn\pap¼v s^{_phcn 24þ\v IpWvSd hnfw_cw DÄs¸sSbpÅ thep¯¼nbpsS {]hr¯nIfn tJZn¡p¶p F¶v cmPmhv I¼\nsb HutZymKnIambn Adnbn¨ncp¶p. am{Xaà almcmPmhns\¡WvSv hnfw_cw \ntj[n¡phm³ thep¯¼n Xs¶ Bhiys¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. C{]Imcw ]pds¸Sphn¨ BÄ Xs¶ ]n³hen¨ hnfw_cw Ncn{X]cambn Akm[phmWv.
kzmX{´ykac\mbI³ F¶v Nne Ncn{XImc·mÀ hntijn¸n¡p¶ thep¯¼n Ncn{X¯n CSw tXSp¶Xv {_n«ojv GPâv F¶ \nebnembncp¶p. ZfhmØm\w ssI¡em¡m³ 1805þ cmPyXmÂ]cy¯ns\Xnsc {_n«ojpImcpambn X¼n DWvSm¡nb IcmdmWv XncphnXmwIqdn {_n«ojv B[n]Xy¯n\v hgnsXfn¨Xv. cmPmtIihZmksâ IpSpw_mwK§fmbncp¶p ]c¼cmKXambn Znhm\pw Zfhbpambns¡mWvSncp¶Xv. Ahsc NXnbnÂs¸Sp¯n sIme sNbvXn«mWv thep¯¼n A[nImcw ]nSns¨Sp¯Xv.
IcmÀ H¸nSm³ hnk½Xn¨ cmPmhns\ {_n«ojpImcpsS ssk\yhpambn h¶mWv thep¯¼n hnc«nbXv. _mecmahÀ½ cmPmhv X¼nsb Xq¡ns¡mÃm³ hn[n¨ncp¶p. {_n«ojv klmb¯m AXnÂ\n¶p c£s]«p. X¼n {_n«ojpImÀ¡v \ÂInb klmb¯n\p In«nb k½m\amWv At±lw AWnªncn¡p¶ tIm«v. XncphnXmwIqdns\ {_n«ojpImÀ¡v XosdgpXn \ÂInbXn\v KhÀWÀ P\d shÃÉn{]`p k½m\n¨XmWv B tIm«v.
X¼nbpsS ss{IkvXhhntcm[w Ip{]kn²amWv. At\Iw ss{IkvXhsc sIm¶v ]Åm¯pcp¯nbmän Xmgv¯nbn«pWvSv. am¯p¯cIs\ sNhnIÄ Adp¯v \mSpIS¯n. ss{IkvXhÀ¡v ]Ån hbv¡m³ A\phmZw sImSp¯nÃ. lnµphnImcw FXncmhpw F¶mWv X¼n \ÂInb hniZoIcWw. `qcn]£w hcp¶ lnµp¡sf (]n¶m¡þZenXv hn`mKw) ASn¨aÀ¯nbncp¶ BfmWv lnµphnImcw ss{IkvXhÀ¡v FXncmIpsa¶p ]dbp¶Xv. AhÀ®kv{XoIfpsS Xebv¡pw apebv¡pw \nIpXn hm§nb BfmWv X¼n. JP\mhv ImenbmImsX kq£n¡p¶ Hcp ape¡c k¼ZvLS\bmWv A¶pWvSmbncp¶Xv. C¶s¯ JP\mhv kq£n¸pImÀ¡v ""Cu al¯mb ]mc¼cyw'' ]n³XpScmhp¶XmWv. amÀ¯mÞhÀ½bpw kzmXnXncp\mfpw Cu Icw hm§nbncp¶p. XncphnXmwIqdnse kphÀ®Imew F¶mWv Ncn{XImc·mÀ Cu ImeL«s¯ hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv. {_n«ojpImÀ Pbn¨m t£{X§fn Ipcnip \m«psa¶pw {_mÒWkv{XoIsf _emÂkwKw sN¿psa¶pw IpWvSd hnfw_c¯n ]dbp¶pWvSv. cmjv{Sob t\«¯n\v aXhnImcw D]tbmKn¨ BZy`cWm[nImcnbpw X¼nbmbncp¶p.
Iqen IqSpX \ÂIm³ Bhiys¸«Xn\m \mbÀ ]«mfta[mhnbmbncp¶ IrjvW]nÅsb B\¡men sI«n cWvSmbn hen¨pIodpIbmWv X¼n sNbvXXv. C{]Imcw kapZmb¯nsâbpw cmPy¯nsâbpw ]n´pW \jvSs¸«XpsImWvSmWv thep¯¼n¡v ZmcpWamb A´yapWvSmbXv.
1803þ ssh¡w t£{X¯n Ibdm³ {ian¨ Abn¯PmXn¡msc Xesh«n Ipf¯nen«p. ssh¡s¯ Zfhm¡pfw CXnsâ kvamcIamWv.
Sn.sI. thep¸nÅ, \mKw A¿ F¶nhcpsS tÌäv am\phepIfpw, ]n. i¦p®ntat\msâ XncphnXmwIqÀ Ncn{Xhpw, Cw¥ojv tcJIfpw Cu kXyw ]dbpt¼mÄ {io[ctat\m\pw, Fw.Pn.Fkpw, sI.sI. F³. Ipdp¸pw aäpw Cu kXys¯ XakvIcn¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. Ncn{X¯nsâ P\m[]Xyh¡cWw C\nbpw XpSt§WvSXmbn«mWncn¡p¶Xv.