hcm¸pg ]p¯³]Ån, Beph awKe¸pg skan\mcnIfn kpZoÀLamb \mev]¯naq¶p hÀjw kpdnbm\nbpsSbpw enäÀPnbpsSbpw A[ym]I\mbn kvXpXyÀltkh\a\pjvTn¨ _lpam\s¸« If¸pcbv¡Â A{´tbmkv aev]msâ kvacW ]pXp¡pI kt´mjIcamb Hcp ImcyamWv. ]membv¡p am{XaÃ, tIcf It¯men¡mk`bv¡mIam\w A`nam\w NmÀ¯nb B sshZnIt{ijvT³ Aªqdn¸cw sshZnIcpsS Kpcphmbncp¶p. Hcn¡Â ]cnNbs¸«m ]ns¶mcn¡epw At±ls¯ BÀ¡pw hnkvacn¡m\mhnsöv At±l¯nsâ t{]jvTinjy\mbncp¶ ZnhwKX\mb ]mem sa{Xm³ amÀ sk_mÌy³ hben¸nXmhv Xsâ Hcp teJ\¯n ]dªncn¡p¶p. A{´tbmkv aev]m³ kpdnbm\n `mjmaÀ½Ú\pw kapZmbm`nam\nbpw injyhÕe\pambncp¶psh¶pw ]nXmhv ]dbp¶p.
1864 amÀ¨v 19þmw XobXn ]mem FdtIm¶n If¸pc IpSpw_¯n A{´tbmkv P\n¨p. If¸pcbv¡Â Cu¸¨\mbncp¶p ]nXmhv. cma]pcw tIm«qÀ Bbncp¶p amXr`h\w.
fmew ]p¯³]Ån, {]hn¯m\w F¶o Øe§fn {]mYanIhnZym`ymkw \nÀÆln¨ tijw sshZnI]T\¯n\p t]mIWsa¶pw At±lw Xocpam\n¨p. ]t£, aIs\ skan\mcnbnte¡bbv¡m³ ]nXmhv Cu¸¨\p k½Xambncp¶nÃ. AXns\mcp ImcWapWvSmbncp¶p. At±l¯nsâ ASp¯ _Ôphmbncp¶ Hcp sshZnI³ 41þmw hbÊn AImeNcaw {]m]n¨n«v A[nIImeambncp¶nÃ. AXn\p]pdsa Cu¸¨sâ Xs¶ aI³ amXyp si½mi³ 22þmas¯ hbÊn \ncymX\mbXpw BbnSbv¡mbncp¶p. AXpsImWvSv C\n Bscbpw sshZnIhr¯n¡bbvt¡sWvS¶v ]p{Xkvt\lnbmb B ]nXmhv imTyw ]nSn¨p. HSphn A{´tbmknsâ amXmhv klmb¯ns\¯n. Aca\tÊmsS aIsâ CwKnX¯n\p ]nXmhv hg§pIbmbncp¶p. ]nXmhdnbmsX A½bpsS BtemN\tbmsS A{´tbmkv skan\mcnbnte¡v Hfn¨pt]mhpIbmbncp¶p F¶pw ]dbs¸Sp¶p.
tIcf¯n A¶v C¶s¯t¸mse ]cnjvIrXamb sshZnI]cnioe\anÃmbncp¶p. henb CShIIfnepw aäpapÅ aev]m·mcpsS Iogn sshZnImÀ°nIÄ ]cnioe\w t\SpIbmbncp¶p ]Xnhv. A¶v ]membnepw kao]{]tZi§fnepw {]kn²\mbncp¶ IWnbmcI¯p amWn¡¯\mcpsS injyXzw kzoIcn¨v Ipª{´tbmkv sshZnI]T\hpw ]cnioe\hpw Bcw`n¨p. kl]mTnIfnÂ\n¶pw hyXykvX\mbn Ipª{´tbmkv s]mXpsh im´ioe\pw kam[m\{]nb\pw ]cn{iaimenbpambncp¶p. _mesâ kXykÔXsb¸än Kpcphmb amWn¡¯\mÀ ]et¸mgpw {]iwkn¨p kwkmcn¡mdpWvSmbncp¶p.
am¶m\w skan\mcnbnte¡v
_lpam\s¸« amWn¡¯\mcpsS Iogn ]cnioe\w \S¯nbXn\ptijw Ipª{´tbmkv 1883 Unkw_À F«n\v am¶m\w skan\mcnbn tNÀ¶p. GXmWvSn¡me¯pXs¶ tIcf¯nse sshZnI]T\w GIoIcn¡pIbpw IqSpX imkv{Xobhpw hnÚm\ {]Zhpam¡n ]cnjvIcn¡pIbpw sN¿m³ sshZnItae²y£³ amÀ Xocpam\n¨p. AXn\mbn hcm¸pg ]p¯³ ]Ånbn Hcp taPÀ skan\mcn Bcw`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. am¶m\w skan\mcnbnÂ\n¶v A{´tbmkpw ]p¯³ ]Ånbnse¯n ]T\w XpSÀ¶p.
kpdnbm\n ]Tn¡phm³ hfsc XmÂ]cyhpw kmaÀ°yhpapWvSmbncp¶ {_ZÀ A{´tbmkv kXoÀ°yscÃmhscbpwImÄ C¡mcy¯n kaÀ°\mbncp¶p. Øncamb ]cn{ia¯nsâ ^eambmWv Cu kn²n At±l¯n\p ssIh¶Xv. Hcn¡Â hnip² At{]ansâ Xncp\mÄ Znhkw. {_ZÀ A{´tbmkv kpdnbm\nbnsemcp {]kwKw sNbvXp. {]uVhpw ]ÞntXmNnXhpambncp¶ B {]kwKw IgnªbpSs\ A[nImcnIÄ At±ls¯ skan\mcnbnse kpdnbm\n aev]m\mbn \nban¨p. A§s\ si½mi\mbncn¡pt¼mįs¶ At±lw aev]m³ tPmen Bcw`n¨p. Uo¡³ A{´tbmkv Htc kabw a¸m\pw hnZymÀ°nbpambn. cWvSp amk¯n\ptijw 1895 amÀ¨v 31þmw XobXn A{´tbmkv aev]m³ ]ptcmlnX]Zhnbnte¡pbÀ¯s¸«p.
A{´tbmkv aev]msâ Iogn kpdnbm\n `mj ]Tn¨{]Kev` injy·mÀ ss{IkvXhtIcf¯n\v ad¡m\mhm¯ kw`mh\IÄ \evInbn«pÅhcmWv. ^m. hSt¡Â a¯mbn, tam¬. tPmÀPv ]p¯³]pc, hnZzm³ ^m. tPm¬ Ip¶¸Ån, ^m. tXmakv Acb¯n\mÂ, amÀ sk_mÌy³ hben XpS§nbhÀ Ahcn NnecmWv.
Acb¯n\me¨³ cNn¨ cWvSp hmey§fpÅ {]kn²amb Aramic Grammar sâ ]n¶n A{´tbmkv aev]msâ t{]cWbpw t{]mÕml\hpw ImWmw. hn]peamb kpdnbm\n {KÙtiJcw A{´tbmkv aev]m\pWvSmbncp¶p. awKe¸pg skan\mcn, hShmXqÀ skan\mcn, am¶m\w B{iaw F¶o Øm]\§fpsS sse{_dnIfn A{´tbmkv aev]msâ {KÙtiJc¯nepWvSmbncp¶ Ht«sd {KÙ§Ä C¶pw ImWmw. Nne {KÙ§Ä tam¬. tPmÀPv ]p¯³]pchiw ^m. Iq\½m¡Â tXm½m I¯\mÀ ]¡Â F¯nbXmbn At±l¯nsâ Hcp teJ\¯n ImWp¶p. A{´tbmkv aev]msâ kpdnbm\n ssIsbgp¯p {]XnIfpsS tiJc¯n \sÃmcp ]¦v awKe¸pg skan\mcn sse{_dnbn C¶pw kq£n¨pt]mcp¶p. Bcm[\{Ia]p\cp²mcWw, ssZhimkv{Xhnjb§Ä, ]mem cq]Xm Øm]\w XpS§n ]e Imcy§sf¸än kpdnbm\n`mjbnepw CXc `mjIfnepw A{´tbmkv aev]m³ FgpXnbn«pÅ kpZoÀLamb I¯pIfpw {]_Ô§fpw sat½mdmÞ§fpw tdmanse hnhn[ sse{_dnIfn C¶pw s]mSn ]nSn¨p InS¡p¶p. Ahsbms¡ tiJcn¨p {]kn²oIcn¡m³ k`mNcn{X]TnXm¡fpw Bcm[\{Ia]ÞnX·mcpw kpdnbm\n`mjmkvt\lnIfpw apt¶m«phtcWvSnbncn¡p¶p.
aebmf¯n kpdnbm\n ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xn\p ]änb hymIcWw A{´tbmkv aev]m³ FgpXnbpWvSm¡n A¨Sn¨v B `mjm]T\w kpKaam¡n. aev]m³ {]kn²s¸Sp¯nb kpdnbm\nþaebmf \nLWvSp AXphsc tIcf¯n Bcpw {]kn²s¸Sp¯nbncp¶nÃ. kpdnbm\n A£c§Ä D]tbmKn¨p aebmfw FgpXp¶ k{¼ZmbamWv "IÀtim³'. IÀtim³ hymIcW§fpw IÀtim³ \nLWvSp¡fpw am{Xambncp¶p A¶phsc e`yambncp¶Xv.
]membn Hcp {]Êv
1901 Pqsse 30þmw XobXn A{´tbmkv aev]m³ amÀt¯m½mÇolm {]kv ]membn Øm]n¨p. _ÀWmÀZ¨sâ amÀt¯m½m{InkvXym\nIÄ F¶ kp{]kn² {KÙw {]km[\w sNbvXXv A{´tbmkv aev]m\mbncp¶p. Xm³ {]kn²oIcn¨ {KÙ§fpsS A¨p\nc¯nbXpw {]q^v hmbn¨v Xncp¯nbXpw {KÙcq]¯nem¡nbXpw Hs¡ aev]m³ Xs¶. ]n¡me¯v "amÀt¯m½mÇolm {]kv' ]membn \n¶pw ]p¯³]Ån skan\mcnbnte¡pw AhnsS \n¶v awKe¸pg skan\mcnbnte¡pw amän Øm]n¡s¸«p. A{´tbmkv aev]msâ kaba{Xbpw ¢mÊvapdnIfpw Nm¸enepw {]knepamWv ]qÀ®ambpw sNehgn¨Xv.
Ccp]Xmw\qämWvSnsâ BZyZiI§fn cWvSmbncw hcn¡mcpWvSmbncp¶ sshZnI³ Fs¶mcp amknI At±lw \S¯nbncp¶p. ""The Orthadoxy of Marthoma Nazranees F¶ Hcp KthjW{KÙw FUnäp sNbvXXpw A{´tbmk¨\mbncp¶p.
A{´tbmk¨³ awKe¸pg skan\mcnbn F¯nbtijamWv "amÀt¯m½mÇolm{]kv' At§m«p amän Øm]n¨Xv. aev]msâ BtcmKyw \in¨tXmSpIqSn {]knsâ NpaXe kzinjy\mb hSt¡Â ^m. a¯mbnsb At±lw Gev]n¨p. 1938þ A{´tbmk¨³ awKe¸pg skan\mcntbmSp hnS]dbp¶Xphsc Bcm[\{Iahpw kpdnbm\nbpw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xp Ipsdsbms¡ XpSÀ¶pt]m¶p.
Fkv.F¨v. eoKnsâ Bcw`w
tIcfk`IÄ¡v ss{IkvXhimkv{X{KÙ§Ä Ht«sd k½m\n¨ "Fkv.F¨v. eoKv' {]knsâ Bcw`w A{´tbmkv aev]msâ amÀt¯m½mÇolm {]Ên \n¶mbncp¶p. kotdm ae_mÀ k`bpsS enäÀPn ]cnjvIcn¨p ]p\:Øm]n¡p¶Xn A{´tbmkv aev]m³ sNbvXn«pÅ tkh\§Ä hnkvacn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ. XIvkm ]cnjvIcn¨v A¨Sn¡p¶Xn\pÅ A\paXn hm§m³ A{´tbmkv aev]m³ 1905 þ tdmanse¯n ]¯mw ]obqkv amÀ]m¸msb kµÀin¨p. 1906þ XIvkbpw hmb\{Iahpw A¨Sn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 1912þ IpÀ_m\{Iaw e¯o³ ]cn`mj klnXw {]kn²oIcn¨p. cWvSmw h¯n¡m³ Iu¬knen\ptijw e¯o³k` e¯o³ Bcm[\{Iaw amXr`mjIfnte¡p hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXpsh¦n AXn\v Ac\qämWvSpap¼pXs¶ A{´tbmkv aev]m³ Xsâ k`bpsS Bcm[\{Iaw hnhn[ `mjIfnte¡p XÀÖa sNbvXp {]kn²oIcn¨ncp¶p. k`bpsS bma{]mÀ°\Ifpw Xncp\mÄ {Ia§fpw henb BgvNbnse {]mÀ°\Ifpw {]kn²oIcn¡p¶Xn\v A{´tbmkv aev]m\pw km[n¨p.
\oWvS 43 hÀjw At±lw kpdnbm\n `mjbpw enäÀPnbpw ]Tn¸n¨p. At±l¯nsâ kpdnbm\n `mjmÚm\¯nsâ Nnc´\ km£nIfmb {KÙ§Ä \nch[nbmWv. B²ymßnIhnjb§fn AXohXmÂ]cyw BPoh\m´w ]peÀ¯nt¸m¶ hyànbmbncp¶p aev]m³.
1944 \hw_À 24þ\p 80 hÀjw ZoÀLn¨ B ]pWyPohnXw Ahkm\n¨p. taepImhnembncp¶p At±l¯nsâ A´yw. AhnsS \n¶pw arXtZlw hnem]bm{Xbmbn ]membnte¡p sImWvSph¶p. At\Iw sshZnIcpw Bbnc¡W¡n\p P\§fpw hnem]bm{Xbnepw kwkvImcip{iqjbnepw kw_Ôn¨p. N§\mticn, ]mem cq]XIfnse kIe PnÃIfnsebpw shÅn¡pcnipIÄ hnem]bm{Xbv¡I¼SnbpWvSmbncp¶p. almIhn I«¡bw sNdnbm³ am¸nfbpsS kwkvImcw am{XamWv C{Xbpw tIaambn \S¶Xv F¶p ]dbp¶p.
1944 \hw_À 25þmw XobXn ]mem cmPm¡fpsS ]Ånbnse aZv_lmbn arXtZlw kwkvIcn¡s¸«p.
_lpam\s¸« A{´tbmkv aev]m\¨³ 35þ Gsd hninjvS{KÙ§Ä {]Imi\w sNbvXn«pWvSv. At±lw kotdmae_mÀ k`bv¡pw kpdnbm\n kmlnXy¯n\pw aebmf `mjbv¡pw sNbvXp X¶n«pÅ tkh\§fpw kw`mh\Ifpw GsdbmWv.