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Hcp]nSn
taml§fmWv a\pjys\¶p ]dbmw. a\pjyPohnX¯nsâ
NmeIiànbmWv taml§Ä AYhm B{Kl§Ä.
Bßob`uXnIXe§fnepÅ B{Kl§fpWvSv. BßobXbpsS
]mcayw taml§fnÃm¯ AhØbmWv.
a\pjy\v F®nbm Xocm¯ B{Kl§fpWvSmIpw. {Zhym{Klw,
Øm\am\§Ä¡pÅ tamlw, A[nImctamlw,
kpJambn Pohn¡m\pÅ B{Klw F¶n§s\ \nch[n
B{Kl§Ä a\pjy\pWvSv. Cu B{Kl§sfÃmw \nhr¯nbm¡m\mhpIbnsöXmWv
bmYmÀ°yw. am{Xhpaà Nne B{Kl§Ä
km[n¨pIgnbpt¼mÄ ]pXnb ]pXnb B{Kl§Ä
krjvSn¡s¸Spw. Hcn¡epw Xr]vXnbm¡m³
Ignbm¯ hn[¯n B{Kl§Ä DWvSmbns¡mWvSncn¡pw.
D]t`mKhkvXp¡Ä¡pÅ a\pjysâ B{KlamWv
ChnsS NÀ¨mhnjbw. Chsb Ahiy, BhiyþBUw_chkvXp¡Ä
F¶v hÀ¤oIcn¡mw. ImetZihyXymka\pkcn¨v
Cu XcwXncnhn amäapWvSmIpw. HcpIme¯v BUw_chkvXphmbn
IWvSncp¶Xv ]n¶oSv AhiyhkvXphmImw. Hcp tZis¯
AhiyhkvXp thsdmcp Øe¯v BUw_camImw. AXmbXv Cu XcwXncnhv
Bt]£nIamWv.
BZnaa\pjysâ Bhiy§Ä hfsc anXambncp¶p;
AXpt]mse B{Kl§fpw. ]cnjvIrXkaql¯n B{Kl§fpw
Bhiy§fpw hÀ²n¨p. hyhkmbhXvIcWhpw ]pXnb
IWvSp]nSn¯§fpw imkv{Xkmt¦XnIhnZybpsaÃmw
a\pjysâ B{Kl§fpw Bhiy§fpw {IamXoXambn hÀ²n¸n¨p.
hym]mctaJe CXn\v B¡wIq«n. hn]W\X{´§Ä
a\pjysâ B{Kl§fpw Bhiy§fpw Ir{Xnaambn hÀ²n¸n¨p.
It¼mf§fn D]t`mKkm[\§fpsS {]fbambn.
BtKmfhXvIcWw Cu {]hWXIsfsbÃmw iàam¡n.
It¼mf¯nse hn]W\X{´§fnsem¶mWv ^mj³.
]pXnb ]pXnb ^mj\pIÄ krjvSn¨v D]t`màmhns\ {]tem`n¸n¡p¶
X{´amWv hyhkmb hym]mctaJeIÄ {]tbmKn¡p¶Xv.
Cu X{´w hnPbw ImWp¶p. ]pXnb ^mj³ hcpt¼mÄ
]gbh ]pdwXÅs¸Spw. FÃm D]t`mKhkvXp¡fpw
^mj³ kwkvImc¯n\p hnt[bamWv. ]cky§Ä ]pXnb
^mjt\mSpÅ {]Xn]¯n hÀ²n¸n¡pw.
hkv{X\nÀ½mWcwK¯pw, hkv{X[mcW¯nepw
DWvSmbncns¡mWvSncn¡p¶ amä§sfbmWv
km[mcW ^mj³ F¶p hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv.
BZya\pjys\ ss__nÄ AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv \á\mbn«mWv.
ssZhhpambpÅ DS¼Sn Ah\pw Ahfpw IqSn ewLn¨p.
DSs\ AhcpsS I®pIÄ Xpd¶p. X§fpsS \áX
AhÀ IWvSp. `bhpw eÖbpw AhÀ¡v A\p`hs¸«p.
hr£§fpsS CeIÄ Xp¶n AhÀ X§fpsS
Acs¡«pIfn Npddn \áX ad¨p. h\m´c§fnÂ
Ignbp¶ BZnhmknIfn ]ecpw hkv{Xw [cn¡m¯hcmWv.
ZnKw_c·mÀ F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ k\ymknIÄ
hkv{Xw [cn¡mdnÃ.
a\pjysâ BZyhkv{X§Ä hr£§fpsS CeIfpw
achpcnIfpambncp¶p. ]n¶oSv arK§fpsS XpIÂ
hkv{Xambn D]tbmKn¡m³ XpS§n. {ItaW arK§fpsS
tcma§Ä sImWvSv hkv{Xw DWvSm¡n D]tbmKn¨p.
]cp¯n\q D]tbmKn¨pÅ hkv{X§fpsS DXv]mZ\w
{ItaW DWvSmbXmWv. C¶v Ir{Xna \q D]tbmKn¨pÅ
hkv{X§fmW[nIhpw.
kaql¯nse Øm\{Iaa\pkcn¨v thjhn[m\§Ä
hyXykvXambncp¶p. cmPm¡·mÀ, {]`p¡·mÀ,
k¼¶À, DtZymKØta[mhnIÄ F¶nhscÃmw
{]tXyIXc¯nepÅ thj§Ä AWnªncp¶p.
Øm\hkv{X§Ä {]tXyIØm\§Ä Ae¦cn¡p¶hsc
Xncn¨dnbm³ klmbn¨ncp¶p. Cu coXn C¶pw
\nehnepWvSv. ]«mf¡mÀ, t]meokpImÀ
apXembhcpsS bqWnt^mw Øm\hkv{X§fnÂs¸Sp¶p.
{]mbt`Za\pkcn¨v hkv{X§Ä¡pw hkv{X[mcWcoXn¡pw
hyXymkapWvSmbncn¡pw. Ip«nIÄ¡pw bphXobphm¡Ä¡pw,
{]mbambhÀ¡pw hkv{X[mcWcoXnXs¶ hyXykvXambncn¡pw.
]pXnb ^mj\pIÄ ImetZia\pkcn¨v cq]s¸«psImWvSncn¡pw.
]pXnb ^mj³ krjvSn¡p¶Xv X¿Â¡mcpw
hkv{X\nÀ½mXm¡fpamWv. F¶m ^mj³
cq]Iev]\ sN¿p¶hÀ¡v ^mj³ krjvSnbnÂ
henb ]¦pWvSv. ^mj³ cq]Iev]\bpsS Ncn{Xw ]mcoknse
^mj³ Unssk\À NmÄkv s{^UdnIvhÀ¯nÂ
Bcw`n¡p¶p. 1858þÂ Cw¥ojpImc\mb
Ct±lw hkv{Xw cq]Iev]\ sN¿p¶ `h\w ]mcoknÂ
Bcw`n¨p. hkv{X¯nsâ temI¯v ^mj³ Unssk\ÀamÀ¡v
henb ]¦mWv C¶pÅXv.
BtKmf{]m[m\yapÅ ^mj³ ]«W§Ä \nehnepWvSv.
Ch ^mj³ tI{µ§Ä AYhm ^mj³ XeØm\§Ä
F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p. Cu ]«W§fn ^mj³
Unssk\ÀamÀ ]pXnb ^mj\nepÅ hkv{X§Ä
{]ZÀin¸n¡pw. HcmgvN \oWvSp\nev¡p¶
^mj³ hmcw Hmtcm hÀjhpw kwLSn¸n¡mdpWvSv.
temI¯nse Gähpw henb ^mj³ tI{µ§Ä
tSm¡ntbm, eWvS³, ]mcokv, anem³, \yqtbmÀ¡v
F¶o ]«W§fmWv. aäp {][m\s¸«
tI{µ§Ä temkv B³Pekv, _Àen³,
tdmw, Hkm¡, sSmtdmtâm, \yqUÂln, apwss_,
tlm¦vtImMv, Zp_mbn, kmthmt]mtfm, saÂ_¬, tamkvtIm,
am{UnUv, knwK¸qÀ, kotbmÄ, kÂKmbn F¶nhbmWv.
B[p\nIbpK¯n ^mj\pIÄ AXnthKw amdns¡mWvSncn¡pIbmWv.
hkv{X\nÀ½mWhym]mccwK§fn ]cky§Ä¡v
henb {]m[m\yapWvSv! ]cky§Ä tamUepIÄ hgn D]t`màm¡Ä
BIÀjn¡s¸Sp¶p. kn\namXmc§fpw {In¡äv
Xmc§Ä t]mepÅ ImbnIXmc§fpw ^mjsâ
hàm¡fpw {]NmcIcpamWv. hkv{X[mcWcwK¯v ]gb
^mj\pIfnte¡v Xncn¨pt]mIp¶ kµÀ`§fpapWvSmImdpWvSv.
^mj³]tcUv, ^mj³tjm apXembh ^mjsâ {]NmcWX{´§fmWv.
_yq«n ]mÀedpIÄ ^mj³ {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw
{]tbmKn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ^mjsâ ambmPme§Ä
a\pjys\ A¼c¸n¡pIbpw {]tem`n¸n¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶p. hnhmlmhkc§fn h[qhc·mcpsS
hkv{Xme¦mc§Ä AXnibn¸n¡p¶XmWv.
I®©n¸n¡p¶XmWv Cu thj`qjmZnIÄ.
Ht¶m ctWvSm Znhkt¯¡pÅ Cu thj§Ä
sNethdnbXmWv.
hkv{XtemIs¯ ^mj³ hnÚm\hpw kmt¦XnhnZybpw
hfscb[nIw hnIkn¨n«pWvSv. ^mj³ sSIvt\mfPnbnÂ
kÀÆIemimeIÄ _ncpZ_ncpZm\´ctImgvkpIÄ
\S¯p¶p. hkv{X§Ä cq]Iev]\ sN¿p¶Xv
^mj³ sSIvt\mfPnbn sshZKv[yw t\SnbhcmWv. hfscb[nIw
km[yXIfpÅ taJebmWnXv.
tIcf¯n hkv{X\nÀ½mW¯nepw hkv{X[mcWcoXnbnepw
AXnthKw amäw kw`hn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p. Cu
Ignª aq¶p ]XnämWvSn\pÅnemWv Cu amä§sfÃmw
DWvSmbn«pÅXv. GXmWvSv Fgp]¯©p hÀjwap¼v
hfsc efnXamb hkv{X[mcWcoXnbmWv ChnsS DWvSmbncp¶Xv. cWvSmwtemIbp²¯n\p
ap¼pw bp²Ime¯pw ChnsS `£y£mahpw
hkv{X£mahpw cq£ambncp¶p. hkv{X¯n\pw
tdj³ k{¼Zmbw GÀs¸Sp¯n. _lp`qcn]£w
{KmahmknIfpw Gähpw Ipd¨p hkv{XwsImWvSv Xr]vXns¸«p.
Irjn¡mÀ Hcp I¨apWvSp am{XamWv D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv;
ASnhkv{Xw Iu]o\hpw. ]mfs¯m¸nbpsS D]tbmKw km[mcWambncp¶p.
jÀ«v hfsc hncfambn am{Xta D]tbmKn¨ncp¶pÅq.
s]mXpØe§fn {]Xy£s¸Spt¼mÄ
apWvSpw cWvSmw apWvSpambncp¶p km[mcWhkv{Xw.
kv{XoIfpsS hkv{X[mcWcoXnbpw hfsc efnXambncp¶p. lnµpkv{XoIÄ
apWvSpw du¡bpambncp¶p [cn¨ncp¶Xv. kpdnbm\n
{InkvXym\nkv{XoIÄ ASp¡n«v apWvSv DSp¯ncp¶p.
amdp adbv¡m³ ape¡¨bmWv hoSpIfnÂ
AhÀ D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv. ]n¶oSv N«bpsS
D]tbmKw XpS§n. ssIbnd¡apÅ N«bmbn cp¶p
BZyw; {ItaW apdnss¡bpÅ N«bmbn. kmcnbpsS
D]tbmKw km[mcWambn«v A©p ZiI§fn IqSpXembn«nÃ.
ASp¯Ime¯v kv{XoIfpsSbpw ]pcpj·mcpsSbpw hkv{X[mcWcoXn¡v
henb amä§Ä kw`hn¨p. hkv{X[mcWcoXnsImWvSv
kv{Xo]pcpj·msc Xncn¨dnbm³ ]äm¯hn[¯nepÅ
amä§fmWv DWvSmbn«pÅXv. hkv{X[mcWcoXn
sImWvSv kv{Xo]pcpj·msc am{Xaà kapZmb§sft¸mepw
]WvSv Xncn¨dnbm³ Ignbpambncp¶p. C¶v hkv{X[mcWcoXn¡v
kv{Xo]pcpj, aX, PmXn hyXymksam¶panÃ. ]pXnb ]pXnb
^mj\pIÄ FÃmhÀ¡pw kzoImcyamWv.
alm·mcpw t\Xm¡fpw hkv{Xme¦mc¯n\v
{]m[m\yw \ÂImdnÃ. AhcpsS Øncamb hkv{X[mcWcoXn
Ahsc Xncn¨dnbm³ klmbn¡pw. AhÀ¡v
{]tXyI {_m³Uv hkv{X§fpWvSv. AhcpsS ImÀ«qWpIÄ
t]mepw hkv{X[mcWs¯ ASnØm\am¡nbmWv hcbv¡mdpÅXv.
sI. IcpWmIcsâbpw hn. Fkv. A¨pXm\µsâbpw
sI.Fw. amWnbpsSbpw Pq_m {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶p.
F.sI. BâWnbpsS shÅapWvSpw jÀ«pw At±l¯nsâ
{]tXyIXbmWv. PhlÀem s\lrhnsâ KmÔns¯m¸nbpw
hkv{X[mcWcoXnbpw BIÀjWobambncp¶p. almßmKmÔnbpsS
hkv{X[mcWw efnXambncp¶p. ]e hninjvShyànIfpw ap«n\p
Xmsg \nev¡p¶ Pq_m [cn¡p¶hcmWv.
k\ymknIÄ efnXamb hkv{X[mcWcoXnbmWv kzoIcn¡p¶Xv.
lnµpk\ymknIfpsS hkv{Xw Imhn\ndapÅ hne Ipdª
hkv{X§fmWv. ss{IkvXhk\ymknIfpw efnXamb hkv{X§fmWv
[cn¨ncp¶Xv. ^mj³ {`aw Chscbpw _m[n¨p XpS§nbncn¡p¶p.
ss{IkvXh]ptcmlnXÀ¡v ]ptcmlnXhkv{XapWvSv. k\ymknIÄ¡v
k\ymkhkv{Xhpw. ]ptcmlnXhkv{Xamb Ip¸mbhpw k\ymkhkv{Xhpw
bqtdm¸n A\yw\n¶p. \½psS tZi¯pw
sshZnIsâ Ip¸mbw Dt]£n¡s¸«psImWvSncn¡p¶p.
^mj\_nfmb thj`qjmZnItfmSmWv sshZnIÀ¡pw k\ymknIÄ¡pw
XmÂ]cyw. sshZnIsâ Cu ^mj³ {`aw km[mcWhnizmkn¡v
DÄs¡mÅm³ _p²nap«pWvSv. aq¶p\mep
]XnämWvSp ap¼phsc sshZnIcpw hnizmknIfpw _lpam\mZcthmsS
kzoIcn¨ncp¶p sshZnIhkv{Xw [cn¨ sshZnIsc.
t£{X§fn ]qPmcnIÄ hfsc efnXamb hkv{X[mcWcoXnbmWv
kzoIcn¡p¶Xv. F¶m ss{IkvXh]ptcmlnXÀ
Bcm[\bv¡p]tbmKn¡p¶ Nab§Ä ]gb\nba]ptcmlnXcpsS
thjhn[m\§Ä¡\pkrXamWv. blqZ]mc¼cy§Ä¡mWv
{]m[m\yw. ]pcmX\ cmPIobhkv{X§fpsS A\pIcWanhnsS ZriyamWv.
ØeIme§Ä¡\pkcn¨pÅ efnXamb
Nab§fmIpw kphntijssNX\y¯n\p tNÀ¶Xv.
hkv{X¯nse´ncn¡p¶p F¶p tNmZn¡p¶hcpWvSv.
a\pjyhyànXz¯nsâ `mKamWv hkv{Xhpw hkv{X[mcWcoXnbpw.
D¯ahpw efnXhpamb hkv{X[mcWcoXn am\yXbpsS e£WamWv.
]IzXbpw hnthIhpw {]ZÀin¸nt¡WvS taJebmWnXv.
tImamfnthjw sI«n \S¡p¶hsc P\w BZcn¡pIbpw
_lpam\n¡pIbpw sN¿psa¶p IcpXm³ hnjaw.
^mj³ {`aw hkv{Xme¦mc¯n am{Xw HXp§p¶nÃ.
a\pjysâ FÃm PohnXtaJeIsfbpw CXp _m[n¨ncn¡p¶p.
tIime¦mc§Ä hnkvabw Dfhm¡p¶hbmWv.
IjWvSn¡mÀ Ir{Xna apSnh¨v Xr]vXnbSbp¶p.
kv{XoIfpw tIime¦mc¯n\v Ir{Xna apSn D]tbmKn¡p¶pWvSv.
XebpsS BIrXn Xs¶ amän adn¡p¶ Xc¯nepÅ
tIime¦mccoXnIÄ kv{XoIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶p.
\c¨ apSn CjvSs¸Sm¯hcmWv `qcn]£w t]cpw.
apSn Id¸n¡epIfpÄs¸sSbpÅ tIime¦mc§Ä
hyhkmbambn¯oÀ¶n«pWvSv. _yq«n]mÀedpIÄ
Chbvs¡Ãmw kuIcyw Hcp¡n Im¯ncn¡p¶p.
B`cW{`a¯n\SnaIfmWv aebmfns¸®p§Ä.
GsXÃmw Xc¯nepÅ B`cW§fmWv It¼mf¯nend¡p¶Xv.
kÀÆmwKw FSp¯Wnbm\pÅ B`cW§Ä
kzÀ®¡SIfn e`yamWv. tIcf¯nepÅnSt¯mfw
kzÀ®¡SIÄ asämcnS¯pw ImWpIbnÃ.
kzÀ®hne IqSnbXpsImsWvSm¶pw {`aw Ipdbp¶nÃ.
^mjsâbpw tamUensâbpw iàamb kzm[o\w A\p`hs¸Sp¶
taJebmWv hml\§Ä. CcpN{Ihml\§fpw aäp hml\§fpw
CXnÂs¸Spw. Cu hyhkmbtaJebpsS hfÀ¨ ]pXnb
tamUepIsf B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv. Zn\w{]Xn ]pXnb
tamU hml\§Ä hn]W\¯ns\¯p¶p.
k¼¶cpsS tlm_nbmWv ]pXnb tamU BUw_chml\§Ä
hm§pIsb¶Xv. A£cmÀ°¯nÂ
]e \qX\ hml\§fpw Nen¡p¶ sIm«mc§fmWv.
Chbn Ibdn Nen¡m³ IgnhpÅhÀ `mKyhm·mÀ!
sI«nS\nÀ½mWw h³hyhkmbamWv. Cu cwK¯pWvSmbns¡mWvSncn¡p¶
amä§Ä AÛpXmhlamWv. ]«W§fnepbcp¶
sI«nS§Ä ^mjsâ {]fbw krjvSn¡p¶p.
^vfmäpIÄ, tlm«epIÄ, hym]mcaµnc§Ä,
XotbädpIÄ, Hm^okv aµnc§Ä, kÀ¡mÀ
Hm^okpIÄ F¶n§s\ \nch[nbmb sI«nS§ÄsImWvSv
]«W§Ä \ndªncn¡p¶p. ]gb sI«nS§Ä
]pXnbhbv¡v hgnamdns¡mSp¡p¶p. sI«nS§fpsS
AÛpX{]]©amWv ]«Ww. `h\\nÀ½mWcwK¯pw
henb amä§Ä kw`hn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p.
{Kma§fnÂt¸mepw sNehp IqSnb B[p\nI hoSpIÄ
km[mcW ImgvNbmWv.
ssZhmeb\nÀ½nXnbnepw ^mj³ {`aw IS¶p
IqSnbn«pWvSv. lnµpt£{X§Ä, apÉow]ÅnIÄ
F¶nh ]pcmX\hmkvXpinev]coXn XpScp¶pWvSv. F¶mÂ
ss{IkvXhssZhmeb\nÀ½nXnbn ]c¼cmKXssZhmebhmkvXpinev]coXn
AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶ntà F¶p kwibn¡Ww.]pXnb
]e ssZhmeb§fpw kn\namXotbädpIÄ¡v tbmPn¡p¶hbmWv.
ssZhmeb§Ä BÀ«v KymednbÃ. Bßobt_m[w
\jvSs¸« \nÀ½mWcoXnbmWnXv. BßobXbpsS
A´co£w krjvSn¡p¶ CS§fmhWw ssZhmeb§Ä.
tImSnIÄ apS¡n ]WnIgn¸n¨XpsImWvSv ssZhmebm´co£w
AhnsS DWvSmIWsa¶nÃ. ØeImekwkvImc§Ä¡\pkcn¨pÅ
BßobX \ndªp\nev¡p¶ CS§fmhs«
\½psS ]ÅnIÄ. emfnXy¯nsâ {]XoIatÃ
ssZhmeb§Ä? ]pcmX\ssZhmeb§Ä AhbpsS ]ucmWnIXzw
a\Ênem¡n kwc£n¨v kq£nt¡WvSXtÃ?”
^mj³ Pzcw _m[n¨ GXm\pw taJeIÄ am{Xta ChnsS \nco£Whnjbam¡nbn«pÅq.
FÃm taJeIsfbpw CXv kzm[o\n¡p¶pWvSv. It¼mfkwkvImc¯nÂ
CXp hÀ²n¨psImWvSncn¡pw. ]mcnØnXn
{]iv\§Ä cq£amIm³ CXp ImcWamIpw. D]t`mKw
hÀ²n¸n¡pw. A]ISIcamb ØnXnhntijamWnXv.
^mj³ {`aw kzbw \nb{´n¡p¶nsænÂ
kaql¯nsâ `mhn {]hNn¡m\mhnÃ. |
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