]Xnhpt]mse ImWvUam Pnà {Inkvakv BtLmj§Ä¡mbn DÕml]qÀÆw Hcp¡w XpS§n. ]Xnbncn¡p¶ Zpc´w AhÀ a\Ênem¡nbnÃ. a\pjy\v XSbm\mhm¯ {]IrXnZpc´§Ä t]msebpÅ Hcp hn]¯mbncp¶nà AXv. adn¨v Bkq{XnXamb Hcp AXn{Iaambncp¶p, 2007 Unkw_dnepw 2008 HmKÌnepambn Act§dnbXv. AXneqsS kwL]cnhmÀ {Inkvaknsâ B\µw sISp¯n¡fbpI am{XaÃ, AhcpsS PohnX¯nsâ \ne\nev]ns\ ¯s¶ XIÀ¯pIfªp.
BZys¯ B{IaWw 2007 Unkw_À 24þ\v Bcw`n¨v amkmhkm\w hsc \oWvSp\n¶p. cWvSmwL«w kzmane£vaWm\µ kckzXnbpsS acWt¯msS 2008 HmKÌv 23þ\p XpS§n.
amthmbnÌpIÄ sImes¸Sp¯nb kzmanbpsS acW¯nsâ D¯chmZnXzw ss{IkvXhcpsSta Npa¯ns¡mWvSmbncp¶p ]n¶oSpÅ B{IaW§Ä. \nÊlmbcmb ss{IkvXhsc XIÀ¡m\pÅ kphÀ®mhkcambn kwL]cnhmÀ Cu sIme]mXIs¯ IWvSp.
hÀ¤obIem]§Ä
Hdokmbnse hÀ¤obiànIfpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v aq¶p\mev ]XnämWvSpImes¯ Ncn{XapWvSv. Chbn FSp¯p]dtbWvShbmWv 1999 P\phcn 22þ\v Hmkvt{Senb³ anj\dn {Klmw sÌbn³kpw cWvSp Ip«nIfpw Np«psImÃs¸«Xpw AtX hÀjw Xs¶ AcpÄZmkv F¶ sshZnI³ ASntbäpw ic§tfäpw h[n¡s¸«Xpw.
kzman e£vaWm\µ 1986þ87 Ime¯p \S¯nb cYbm{Xbn ]Xnt\gp {Kma§fnse ]ÅnIÄ \in¸n¡s¸«p. 2005þ kzmanbpsSbpw kwL]cnhmdnsâbpw t\XrXz¯n dmbnInbbnse {][m\s¸« ]Ån sImÅbSn¡s¸«p. kwØm\kÀ¡mcnsâ Aew`mhwaqew \nch[n sNdnb B{IaW§Ä hÀjwtXmdpw ]ÅnIÄs¡Xnsc DWvSmbns¡mWvSncp¶p.
2007 Unkw_dnepw 2008 HmKÌpapX HIvtSm_À hscbpw ImÞamen ss{IkvXhÀ¡pt\sc \S¯s¸« B{IaW§Ä Hdokmbn aps¼mcn¡epw kw`hn¨n«nÃm¯ Xc¯nepÅXmbncp¶p. ss]imNnIhpw \nµyhpamb B{IaWambncp¶p AXv. Bkq{XnXambn \S¸m¡s¸« Hc{Ia]c¼cbmWv AhnsS Act§dnbXv. AhnSw kµÀin¨ IÀ±n\mÄ tSmt¸mbpsS A`n{]mb¯n ""ImÞamens\ AhÀ ih¸d¼m¡n amän''. kmbp[cmb kwL]cnhmÀ kwL§fpsS B{IaW§Ä ss{IkvXhsc `h\clnXcm¡n. AhÀ¡v tLmch\§fn A`bwtXtSWvSn h¶p. sIme]mXI§fpw _emÂkwK§fpw ]oU\§fpw kz¯p \in¸n¡epw ss{IkvXhsc ZpcnX¡Senemgv¯n.
B{IaW§fpsS e£yw
F´n\mWv hÀ¤obhmZnIÄ {InkvXym\nIsf B{Ian¡p¶Xv? \nch[nt]À tNmZn¡pIbpWvSmbn. ]ehn[ ImcW§fmWv Cu B{IaW§Ä¡p ]n¶nÂ. Fsâ A`n{]mb¯n {][m\ImcWw. ImÞamense ss{IkvXhcpsS F®¯nepw iànbnepapÅ hfÀ¨bmWv. 39 iXam\t¯mfw hcp¶ ]«nI PmXn ]«nIhÀ¤P\hn`mK§Ä ka{Kamb ]ptcmKXn {]m]n¡pIbpw kaql¯nsâ apJy[mcbn {]thin¨v {][m\Øm\§Ä Ae¦cn¨pXpS§pIbpw sNbvXp. k`bpsSbpw anj\dnamcpsSbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä, Cu hfÀ¨sb Akm[mcWamwhn[w XzcnXs¸Sp¯n. A[:ØnX hn`mK¯nsâ A`qX]qÀÆamb Cu hfÀ¨sb XSbphm\mWv hÀ¤obhmZnIÄ {][m\ambpw ]ÅnIfpsSbpw aT§fpsSbpw ChÀ \S¯p¶ Øm]\§fpsSbpw t\À¡v B{IaWw Agn¨phn«Xv. CXneqsS ImÞam PnÃbnse FÃm hnIk\{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw XSbnSmsa¶v AhÀ IcpXn. Cu hn[¯n taÂPmXnbpsS A[oiXzw (_u²nIta[mhnXzw) kwc£n¡m³ AhÀ {ian¨p. \qämWvSpIfmbn apJy[mcbnÂ\n¶v ]pd´Ås¸«p Ignª P\k©bw B ØnXnbn¯s¶ XpScWsa¶XmWv AhcpsS XmXv]cyw.
ss{IkvXhÀ sslµhsc aX]cnhÀ¯\w \S¯p¶p F¶ Btcm]Whpw DbÀ¶p. CXn\v Dt]mXv_eIambn ImÞamense ss{IkvXhcpsS F®w AhÀ s]cp¸n¨p Im«n. CXneqsS Chsc kwØm\¯p\n¶pw kmh[m\w cmPy¯p\n¶p Xs¶bpw ]pd¯m¡msa¶v AhÀ IW¡m¡n. (lnµpcmPyw Øm]n¡pI F¶ kwL]cnhmdnsâ clkyAP³UbpsS `mKamWnXv. aX\yq\]£w `qcn]£¯nsâ ImcpWy¯n \n¡Wsa¶v AhÀ B{Kln¡p¶p.)
hÀ¤ob{`m´p _m[n¨hÀ ImÞamen Ct¸mgpw ss{IkvXhsc `ojWns¸Sp¯n Npän¯ncnbp¶p. aq¶p km[yXIfmWv ChÀ ss{IkvXhÀ¡mbn apt¶m«p hbv¡p¶Xv. H¶v:cmPyw hnSpI. cWvSv: sslµhcmIpI. aq¶v: acn¡m³ X¿mdmIpI. {]nbs¸«hcpsS sIme]mXI§Ä¡p km£yw hlnt¡WvSnh¶, hkvXphIIÄ XIÀ¡s¸« ss{IkvXhÀ C¶v henb am\knIkwLÀj¯nemWv.
hnZym`ymk¯neqsSbpw sXmgneneqsSbpw ZfnXcpw BZnhmknIfpw aäpÅ {Kq¸pIfpambn (DZmlcWambn sslµhZfnXcpw BZnhmknIfpw) X«n¨pt\m¡nbm km¼¯nIambpw PohnXcoXnbnepw D¶a\w {]m]n¨p. ss{IkvXhZfnXcpsS Cu DbÀ¶ PohnX\nehmcw AhÀ B{Ian¡¸«Xnsâ asämcp ImcWamWv. ]t£, k`bpsS tkh\§Ä Ft¸mgpw PmXn hÀ® hnizmk§Ä¡v AXoXambncp¶p.
Bkq{XnXamb Iem]w
Unkw_dnse B{IaW¯n¯s¶ ss{IkvXhscbpw AhcpsS Øm]\§sfbpw e£yan«ncp¶p. ss{IkvXhk¼¯v \in¸n¡pI, AhcpsS Bßhnizmkw CÃmXm¡pI F¶Xmbncp¶p AhcpsS e£yw. A]ISw a\Ênem¡nb am{Xbn Fsâ anj\dnamtcmSv kz¯v kwc£n¡msX Pohc£bv¡v BhiyambXv sN¿phm³ Rm³ Bhiys¸«p. AhÀ Pohc£mÀ°w ]emb\w sNbvXp. sImSpwXWp¸pw hni¸pw kln¨v \mepw A©pwZnhkw AhÀ ImSn\pÅn Ignªp. ]ckv]cw Bibhn\nabw \S¯m³ t]mepamImsX h\m´c§fn AhÀ Häs¸«p.
2008 BKÌv Bbt¸mtg¡pw hÀ¤obiànIÄ ]ptcmlnXcpsSbpw k\ykvXcpsSbpw Aßmbt\Xm¡fpsSbpw t\À¡mbn B{IaWw. Bdp ]ptcmlnX·mÀ {Iqcambn B{Ian¡s¸«p. CXn aq¶p t]sc AhÀ Poht\msS I¯n¡phm³ {ian¨p. CXn cWvSpt]À A]ISkÔn XcWw sNbvsX¦nepw ^m. _ÀWmÀUv knKmÄ acWs¸«p.
kÀ¡mcnsâ IpäIcamb A\mØ
]uc·mcpsS Poh\pw kz¯pw kwc£nt¡WvS Kh¬saânsâ sISpImcyØXbmWv ImÞamen a\pjy¡pcpXn¡v Ifsamcp¡nbXv.
`qcn`mKw IpäIrXy§fpw Act§dpt¼mÄ Øe¯pWvSmbncp¶ t]meokv ssIbpw sI«n ImgvN¡mcmbn \n¶p. Hcp sshZnI³ {Iqcambn B{Ian¡s¸«t¸mgpw Hcp I\ymkv{Xo _emÕwK¯n\v Ccbmbt¸mgpw tZhmeb§Ä XIÀ¡s¸«t¸mgpw t]meokv apJw Xncn¨p\n¶p. ss{IkvXhtcmSp Poh³ c£n¡phm³ HmSnc£s]«psImÅpI F¶p ]dª t]meokv A{IanIÄ Øes¯¯pwap¼v AhnsS\n¶v A{]Xy£cmbn.
`cWIqS¯nsâbpw t]meoknsâbpw sISpImcyØXbpw kwL]cnhmdpw Kh¬saâpw X½nepÅ Ahnip² Iq«psI«pw Cu IpäIrXy§Ä¡p ]n¶nepWvSmbncp¶p F¶v hnizkn¡phm³ \ymb§fpWvSv. IpäIrXy§Ä¡p ]n¶n kÀ¡mcnsâ au\k½Xw DWvSmbncp¶p F¶ kwibhpw XÅn¡fbm\mhnÃ. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶bmWv, sk]väw_À amkw IÀ®mSIbn ss{IkvXhÀ B{Ian¡s¸«Xv. aq¶p\mev Znhkw sImWvSv AXv Ahkm\n¨n«pw Hdokbnse AXn{Ia§Ä \qdp Znhk§Ä¡p tijhpw XpScp¶p.
\mev]Xn\mbnc¯n\pw A³]Xn\mbnc¯n\pw CSbn hcp¶ A`bmÀ°nIÄ. Chcn ]IpXn A`bmÀ°nIym¼nepw _m¡n h\¯nepw ]«W§fnepw HdoÊmbpsS ]pd¯v tIcf¯nepw, a[y{]tZinepambn hnizmkhpw Poh\pw ssIbn ]nSn¨v Pohn¡p¶p.
]ptcmlnXÀ arKobambn ]oUn¸n¡s¸«p. cWvSp sshZnIsc X«ns¡mWvSpt]mbn {Iqcambn aÀ±n¨p. 62 t]sc arKobambn h[n¨p. Hcp I\ymkv{Xo DÄs¸sS aq¶p kv{XoIsf _emÕwKw sNbvXp. {InkvXob A\mYmeb¯n tPmen sNbvXncp¶ Hcp sslµhbphXnsb Iq« _emÕwKw sN¿pIbpw Poht\msS Nps«cn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
223 ]ÅnIfpw F«p Øm]\§fpw XIÀ¡s¸«p. 700 hoSpIfpw Ggp tlmÌepIfpw Ggv k\ymk`h\§fpw cWvSp skan\mcnIfpw cWvSv BtcmKytI{µhpw \in¸n¡s¸«p. 57 Hmfw hml\§fpw ss{IkvXhcpsS 126 ISIfpw XIÀ¡s¸«p.
AXn{Ia§fpsSbpw IpäIrXy§fpsSbpw F®w `bm\Ihpw F®nbm Xocm¯XpamWv.
km[mcW {]IrXnZpc´§fnepw aäv ZpcnX_m[nX{]tZi§fnepw k`bpw k¶²kwLS\IfpamWv ZpcnX_m[nXsc klmbn¡m³ BZysa¯p¶Xv. CXn\p hncp²ambn Hdokm kÀ¡mÀ, sdUvt{Imkv kwLS\ hgn AÃmsX k¶²kwLS\Itfm k`tbm ZpcnXmizmk{]hÀ¯\§Ä sN¿cpsX¶v \nÀt±in¨p. PnÃbn {Iakam[m\w kwc£n¡p¶Xn\pthWvSnbmWv Cu \nÀt±isa¶mWv _Ôs¸« A[nImcnIÄ ]dªXv.
CXn\p ]n¶n aq¶v Zpcpt±iy§Ä Rm³ ImWp¶p. lnµp¡sf `ojWns¸Sp¯nbpw h©n¨pw {]tem`n¸n¨pw {InkvXy³ anj\dnamÀ aXw amäpIbmsW¶v kwL]cnhmÀ Btcm]n¡p¶p. X·qew ZpcnX_m[nXsc k` klmbn¡p¶Xp XSªmÂ, aX]cnhÀ¯\s¯ ¯s¶ XSbmsa¶v AhÀ IcpXp¶p.
ZfnXcpsSbpw BZnhmknIfpsSbpw kap²mcW¯n\v anj\dnamÀ hln¨ ]¦v \ntj[n¡mhp¶XÃ. anj\dnamcpsS hnZym`ymk{]hÀ¯\§fpw BtcmKytaJebnse {]hÀ¯\§fpw A[:ØnXsc kaql¯nsâ apJy[mcbnse¯n¡m³ {][m\ ]¦phln¨p.
Cu Xmtg¯«nepÅ P\hn`mK¯nsâ DbnÀs¯gpt¶ev]v, ka{KhnIk\w kwL]cnhmdn\pw AhÀ {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶ khÀ®hn`mK¯nsâ _u²nIta[mhnXz¯n\pw Hcp shÃphnfnbmbn. Cu shÃphnfnsb XIÀ¡m\pÅ {][m\ amÀ¤w k`sbbpw AhcpsS kmaqlnI{]hÀ¯\§sfbpw \in¸n¡pIbmsW¶v AhÀ IWvSp.
lnµpaX¯nte¡p {InkvXym\nIsf aS¡nsImWvSphcphm\pÅ amÀ¤ambn AhcXns\ IWvSp. (JÀþhm]kn). {InkvXym\nIÄ \nÀ_Ô]qÀÆamWv aXw amäp¶sX¶pw CXv, aXkzmX{´y\nba{]Imcw sXämsW¶pw hmZn¡p¶ kwL]cnhmÀ Xs¶ IpÕnXamÀ¤§fneqsS aXwamäw \S¯p¶p F¶Xv Hcp henb hntcm[m`mkamWv. C¯cw Ahkc§fn A[n ImcnIÄ {InkvXym\nItfmSp Nnä½\bw ]peÀ¯p¶p F¶Xpw {it²bamWv.