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ssN\ ]eÀ¡pw ]e Imcy§fnepw Bthiw ]Icp¶ \mSmWsÃm. "a[pcat\mlcat\mÚ'ssN\sb A\pIcn¡m³ Ct¸mÄ IayqWnÌv hncp²cpw X¿mdmWv þAhnSs¯ km¼¯nI hfÀ¨ IWvSn«v.
A§s\bpÅ ssN\bnÂ \n¶v CXm Hcp hmÀ¯. Pqsse Ahkm\w h¶XmWv. \nch[n am[ya§fnÂ h¶ hmÀ¯bpsS DÅS¡w CXmWv:
ssN\ Hä¡p«n \bw kmh[m\w Abbv¡p¶p. ImcWw P\k©b¯nÂ hr²cpsS kwJy hÀ[n¨p hcp¶p.
1970 IfnemWv ssN\ IÀi\amb IpSpw_mkq{XW \nba§Ä sImWvSp h¶Xv. \Kc{]tZi§fnÂ H¶pw {Kma§fnÂ cWvSpw Ip«nItf ]mSpÅq. AXnÂ IqSpXembmÂ ]ngbS¡w ]eXcw in£IÄ.
P\kwJym\nb{´W\S]SnIÄ XpS§nb Ime¯v Ip«nIÄ IpdhmsW¦nÂ km¼¯nI ]mcntXmjnIaS¡w t{]mÕml\§Ä \ÂInbncp¶p. ]n¶oSmWv Ip«nIÄ IqSpXembmÂ in£ XpS§nbXv.
Ct¸mÄ 133 tImSnbmWv ssN\okv P\kwJy. P\kwJybpsS hÀ[\ \nc¡v 0.6 iXam\w am{Xw. AXmbXv Bbncw t]cpÅ Hcp kaql¯nÂ hÀjw Bdpt]sc IqSp¶pÅq. C´ybnÂ Bbncw t]À¡v 15 t]À IqSpt¼mgmWnXv.
ssN\okv A[nImcnIÄ ]dbp¶Xv \mep ZiIImes¯ IÀi\amb \S]SnIÄ hgn 40 tImSn P\\§Ä XSbm³ Ignªp F¶mWv. henb t\«w Xs¶. sFIycm{ãkwLS\ AS¡w ssN\sb A`n\µn¡m³ aÕcambncp¶p. Cu \nb{´W \S]SnIÄ CÃmbncps¶¦nÂ ssN\okv P\kwJy Ct¸mÄ 160 tImSntbm 175 tImSntbm Hs¡ BIpambncp¶p F¶p P\kwJymimkv{XÚÀ NqWvSn¡m«p¶p. Cu ssN\okv t\«w FSp¯p ]dªpsImWvSmWv tIcf¯nepw IpSpw_§fnÂ a¡fpsS kwJy cWvSp IhnªmÂ in£n¡Wsa¶p NneÀ \nÀt±in¨Xv.
FÃmw Ignªv Ct¸mÄ ssN\bnÂ kw`hn¡p¶Xv F´mWv ? ssN\bnse Gähpw henb \Kcamb jmwKvlmbnbnÂ H¶ntesd Ip«nIsf P\n¸n¡p¶Xn\p t{]mÕml\w \ÂIp¶p. CXn\mbn jmwKvlmbn `cWIqSw sshImcnIþ[\Imcy Iu¬kenwKv \ÂIm³ BÄ¡msc \ntbmKn¨p XpS§n. ]Ww \ÂIp¶ Imcyw CXphsc XpS§nbn«nsÃ¶p am{Xw.
F´psImWvSv ?
Hä¡p«n \bw hnPbn¨Xp sImWvSv.
Hä¡p«n (One Child Policy) hnPbn¨t¸mÄ F´pWvSmbn ?
jmwKvlmbnbnÂ 22 iXam\w t]À 60 hbÊn\p apIfnÂ DÅhcmbn. A©nsemcmÄ hr²³ AsÃ¦nÂ hr². AYhm A©nsemcmÄ tPmen sN¿m³ ]äm¯ {]mb¯nemWv. 2020 BIpt¼mÄ \Kc¯nse P\§fnÂ 34 iXam\w 60 hbÊn\p apIfnÂ {]mbapÅhcmIpw.
F´mWnXnsâ {]iv\w?
hr²P\kwJy IqSpt¼mÄ {]hr¯nsbSp¡p¶hcpsS A\p]mXw IpdbpIbmWtÃm. {]hr¯nsbSp¡p¶hcpsS DÂ]mZ\w sImWvSmWtÃm B{inXÀ (Ip«nIfpw hr²cpw) Ignbp¶Xv. kaql¯nÂ {]hr¯nsbSp¡p¶hcpsS A\p]mXw Ipdbpt¼mÄ AhcpsS taepÅ `mcw IqSp¶p. Cu `mcw IpdbWsa¦nÂ IqSpXÂ t]À {]hr¯nsbSp¡m³ DWvSmIWw. \msf IqSpXÂ t]À {]hr¯nsbSp¡m³ DWvSmIWsa¦nÂ C¶p IqSpXÂ Ip«nIÄ DWvSmIWw.
Hä¡p«n \b¯ns\mcp Ipg¸apWvSv. cWvSp t]À¡p IqSn Hcp Ip«n am{Xw. P\kwJy ZoÀLImemSnØm\¯nÂ IpdbmXncn¡Wsa¦nÂ Hmtcm kv{Xobpw cWvSp Ip«nIsf {]khn¡Ww.Hä¡p«n \b¯nÂ Hcp kv{Xo¡v Hcp Ip«ntb ]mSpÅq. At¸mÄ P\kwJy Ipdbpw.
P\s¸cp¸w Gähpw `oIchnjbambn amdnbt¸mgmWv Ignª \qämWvSnsâ cWvSmw ]IpXnbnÂ Ir{Xnaambpw AÃmsXbpapÅ P\\\nb{´Ww t{]mÕmln¸n¡s¸«Xv. P\w A\nb{´nXambn hÀ[n¨mÂ FÃmhÀ¡pw thWvS hn`h§Ä (`£Ww, ]mÀ¸nSw, hkv{Xw F¶n§s\) DWvSmInÃ F¶v `cWIqS§Ä `bs¸«p. A¶pw temI¯nÂ Gähpa[nIw P\kwJybpÅ cmPyw ssN\bmbncp¶p. P\kwJymhnkvt^mS\¯nsâ Zpc´w XSbm\mbn AhÀ Hä¡p«n \b¯nte¡p amdn.
C¶nt¸mÄ AXp Xncn¨SnbmhpIbmWv. jmwKvlmbnbptSXv Hcp XpS¡w am{XamWv. ssN\bnse aänS§fpw {ItaW P\kwJymhÀ[\hns\ B{Kln¡p¶ coXnbnte¡mWv Imcy§Ä \o§p¶Xv. P\\w Xosc Ipd¨p sImWvSphcphm³ Ignªncn¡p¶p. BbpÀssZÀLyhpw IqSn. AXmbXv acW\nc¡v Ipdªp. P\w IqSpXÂ Imew Pohn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ct¸mÄ 133 tImSn P\§fpÅ ssN\bnÂ 84 tImSn P\§Ä tPmensbSp¡p¶ {]mb¡mcmWv. (20 hbÊn\pw 60 hbÊn\panSbnepÅhÀ). 2020 BIpt¼mÄ {]hr¯nsbSp¡mhp¶hcpsS kwJy 91 tImSnbmIpw. ]ns¶ {ItaW Ipdbpw. 2050 BIpt¼mÄ {]hr¯nsbSp¡m³ ]äp¶hÀ 79 tImSnbmbn Xmgpw.
Ct¸mÄ temI¯nsâ ^mIvSdnbmWv ssN\. GXpÂ]¶hpw Gähpw IpdªsNehnÂ \nÀ½n¡m³ ]äp¶Xp ssN\bnemWv. ImcWw [mcmfw tPmen¡msc Ipdª sNehnÂ In«pw. ]t£ CXp amdpw.
Ct¸mÄ temI¯nsâ ^mIvSdnbmbXn\mÂ, Gähpa[nIw sXmgnemfnIÄ DÅXn\mÂ, Gähpw henb IbäpaXn¡mcmWv ssN\; AXphgn [mcmfw an¨ k¼mZyhpw DWvSv.
C\n Cu sXmgnemfn kwJy Ipdbpt¼mÄ IbäpaXnbnse t\«w CÃmXmIpw. k¼mZyw Ipdbpw. AXpam{XaÃ. B{inXcpsS kwJy IqSpw. 2050 Â sXmgnseSp¡mhp¶hÀ 79 tImSnbmbncn¡pt¼mÄ hr²À 35 tImSnbmbncn¡pw. A¶p {]Xo£n¡p¶ P\kwJybmb 147 tImSnbpsS 24 iXam\w hcpanXv. AXmbXv 79 tImSn t]À tPmensbSp¯v 35 tImSn hr²scbpw 33 tImSn Ip«nIsfbpw (sam¯w 68 tImSn) kwc£n¡Ww. Ct¸mÄ 84 tImSn t]À ]WnsbSp¯v 49 tImSnsb kwc£n¡p¶ Øm\¯v 79 tImSn t]À 68 tImSnsb kwc£n¡Ww.
hr²À¡p s]³j\pw aäpw DWvSmIpatÃm F¶p IcpXmw. ]t£ Cu s]³j\pw aäpw \ÂIp¶sX§s\bmWv. \nehnÂ tPmenIfnepÅhcpsS kw`mh\Ifpw IqSnt¨À¶ \n[nbmWv s]³j³ImÀ¡v hcpam\w \ÂIp¶Xv. kÀ¡mÀ s]³j\msW¦nÂ \nIpXn hcpam\¯nÂ \n¶p \ÂIp¶p. cmPy¯p ]WnsbSp¡p¶hÀ IpdªmÂ \nIpXn hchpw Ipdbpw.
ssN\bnse B kw`hhnImk§fpw {]hWXIfpw FSp¯p ]dbp¶Xv Hcp Dt±iyt¯mSp IqSnbmWv. tIcfhpw C¶s¯ jmwKvlmbnbpsSbpw \mfs¯ ssN\bpsSbpw AhØbnte¡mWv \o§p¶Xv.
]mÝmXycmPy§Ä ap³t] Xs¶ Cu AhØbnte¡p \o§nbncp¶p. ]Ýnabqtdm¸nÂ 0.2 iXam\hpw P¸m\nÂ 0.1 iXam\hpsams¡bmWv P\kwJymhÀ[\. ImcWw thsdm¶Ã thWvS{X P\\w \S¡p¶nÃ. CäenbnÂ 1.4 Dw PÀ½\nbnÂ 1.3 Dw {_n«\nÂ 1.8Dw Hs¡bmWv {]XypÂ]mZ\\nc¡v. P\kwJy IpdbmXncn¡m³ thWvS \nc¡v (Total Fertility Rate F¶mWv P\kwJym imkv{XÚÀ CXns\ ]dbpI.) cWvSpw.
AXpsImWvSv Cu cmPy§Ä aänS§fnÂ \n¶pff BÄ¡mcpsS IpSntbäw t{]mÕmln¸nt¡WvSnhcp¶p. X§fpsS kwkvImchpambn s]mcp¯anÃm¯hscbpw DÄs¡mtffWvSn hcp¶p. hnZ² sXmgnemfnIsfbpw AhnZKv[ sXmgnemfnIsfbpw Htc t]mse kzoIcnt¡WvSn hcp¶p. cmPy§fpsSbpw `qJWvU§fpsSbpw P\kwJymapJÑmb Xs¶ amdp¶p. hÀWhpw hwihpw kwkvImchpw amän adn¡p¶ P\kwJymhn¹h¯neqsS IS¶pt]mtIWvSnhcp¶p.
]Snªmdnsâ Cu amä¯nÂ \n¶p NnÃdbÃm¯ t\«apWvSm¡p¶hcmWp tIcfobÀ. F´psImWvSmWp \ap¡v AhnsSsbmcp lcnX`qan Xpd¶p In«nbsX¶p \mw Nn´n¡p¶nÃ.
]Snªmdn\p am{XaÃ, Ing¡n\pw CXp kw`hn¡mw F¶XmWp jmwKvlmbnbpw ssN\bpw \t½ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. \½psS P\kwJym Nn{Xhpw jmwKvlmbnbptSXn\v ASp¯phcnIbmWv. 1991þ2001 ZiI¯nÂ tIhew 9.4 iXam\amWp tIcf P\kwJy hfÀ¶Xv. 1961þ71þÂ 26.69 iXam\hpw, 71þ81Â 19.24 iXam\hpw hfÀ¶nS¯p \n¶p Ip¯t\bpff Ipdhv.
AXnse kzm`mhnIamb CSnhv kw`hn¨Xv 14 hbknÂ XmsgbpffhcpsS Imcy¯nemWv. 1991þse sk³kknÂ P\§fnÂ 29.78 iXam\w 14 hbknÂ Xmsgbmbncp¶p. 2001 Bbt¸mÄ AXv 26.1 iXam\ambn. CXp \mtf¡pff kqN\bmWv.
60 hbkn\p apIfnepffhcpsS tXmXv 1991þÂ 8.8 iXam\ambncp¶Xv 2001þÂ 10.5 iXam\¯nse¯n. 2011þte¡v IW¡m¡p¶Xv 15 iXam\¯n\p apIfnte¡v ChcpsS kwJy F¯psa¶mWv.
tIcfw Ct¸mÄ \nÂ¡p¶Xv AXn\p km[yamIp¶ Gähpw sa¨s¸« \nebnemWv. 2001þÂ tIcf¯nÂ {]hr¯nsbSp¡mhp¶ {]mb¯nepffhÀ P\kwJybpsS 59.05 iXam\amWv. 1961þÂ CXv 45.19 iXam\ambncp¶p. 1960þIfnte¡mÄ 2000þfnse PohnXw sa¨ambncn¡p¶Xnsâ bYmÀ° ImcWw \½psS {]hr¯nsbSp¡p¶ BÄ¡mcpsS A\p]mXw IqSnbXmWv.
C{Xbpw \¶v. ]t£, C\nbmWp Ipg¸w.
C\nbpff Hmtcm hÀjhpw tIcf¯nÂ {]hr¯nsbSp¡mhp¶ {]mb¡mcpsS kwJy Xmtgm«mWp t]mcnI. AtX kabw {]hr¯nsbSp¡p¶ {]mbw IgnªhcpsS BbpÀ ssZÀLyw IqSnbXn\mÂ A¯c¡mÀ þhr²Àþ s]cpIpw; AXnthKw.
2001þÂ 33 e£w (P\kwJybpsS 10.5 iXam\w) t]À 60 hbkn\p apIfnembncp¶p. 2021þÂ AXv 60 e£¯ntes¡¯psa¶mWp \nKa\w. At¸mgpw sam¯w P\kwJy aq¶ct¡mSnbpsS Xmsgbmbncn¡pw. AXmbXv 17 iXam\¯ntesdt¸À hr²cmbncn¡pw. 2061þÂ AXv 120 e£amIpw. AXmbXv A¶p P\§fnÂ aq¶nsem¶v hr²cmbncn¡pw. skâÀ t^mÀ Unhe]vsaâv ÌUoknse (knUnFkv þ Xncph\´]pcw) km_p AenbmcpsS ]T\w ImWn¡p¶Xv 2061þÂ 100 Ip«nIÄ¡v 476 hr²À F¶ \nebnemIpw tIcfw F¶mWv.
`hnjy¯pIsf¸än ChnsS D]\ykn¡p¶nÃ. ""a[pcat\mlcat\mÚ'' ssN\bpsS Gähpw ]pXnb A\p`h§Ä tIcf¯nse hn¹hImcnIfpw AÃm¯hcpw ]Tn¡Wta F¶ A`yÀY\tb Dffq.