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]pXnb hnZymebhÀjw Bcw`n¨p. hnZym`ymktaJebnÂ kÀ¡mcnsâ ]cnjvIcW\S]SnIÄ XpScp¶p. s]mXphnZym`ymkhpw D¶XhnZym`ymkhpw sa¨s¸Sp¯m\pÅ ]cnjvImc§fmWnh. F¶mÂ, Cu taJeIfnÂ F´p kw`hn¡p¶p F¶v Kuch]qÀÆw ]Tn¨p hnebncpt¯WvSXpWvSv.
kwØm\s¯ s]mXphnZymeb§fnÂ {]thin¡p¶hcpsS F®w KWyambn Ipdbp¶Xmbn«mWv IW¡v. ap³hÀjs¯ At]£n¨v 85000 Ip«nIfmWv Cu hÀjw Ipdhv. ap³hÀjw Ipdhv 80000 Ip«nIfmbncp¶p. kwØm\kne_k\pkcn¨pÅ kÀ¡mÀ, FbvUUv, A¬FbnUUv kvIqfpIfpsS ØnXnbmWnXv. F¶mÂ tI{µt_mÀUv kne_kv A\pkcn¨pÅ sFknFkvC, kn_nFkvC hnZymeb§fnÂ Ip«nIfpsS F®w XmcXtay\ hÀ²n¨n«pWvSv. kwØm\¯msI kwØm\kne_kv A\pkcn¨pÅ hnZymeb§fnÂ ap³hÀjw 4546402 Ip«nIÄ ]Tn¨ncp¶p. Cu hÀjw 4461041 Ip«nIfmWv ChnsS ]Tn¡p¶Xv. kÀ¡mÀ hnZymeb§fnÂ 42321, FbnUUv hnZymeb§fnÂ 37968, A¬FbnUUv hnZymeb§fnÂ 5072 F¶o kwJyIfmWv Ipdhv. H¶mw¢mÊnÂ ap³hÀjw 373807 Ip«nIfpw CuhÀjw 357932 Ip«nIfpamWpÅXv. hyXymkw 15875 BWv. tI{µt_mÀUnsâ IognepÅ hnZymeb§fnÂ ]Tn¡p¶hcpsS F®w CXnÂs¸Sp¶nÃ.
kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ, FbvUUv, A¬FbvUUv hnZymeb§fnÂ Ip«nIÄ Ipdbm³ ]e ImcW§fpapWvSmImw. P\kwJybnepÅ Ipdhpw kwØm\kne_knt\mSps]mXpshbpÅ XmÂ]cy¡pdhpw NqWvSn¡mWn¡s¸Sp¶ ImcW§fmWv. P\kwJy Ipdbp¶psWvS¦nepw F´psImWvSv tI{µt_mÀUnsâ IognepÅ hnZymeb§fnÂ hnZymÀ°nIfpsS F®w hÀ²n¡p¶p? Cu hnZymeb§tfmSpÅ s]mXpP\§fpsS {]Xn]¯n¡v ImcWsa´v? kwØm\kne_knt\mSpÅ XmÂ]cy¡pdhn\v ImcWsa´v? Cu Imcy§Ä NÀ¨ sNbvXv hnebncpt¯WvSXmWv.
hnZym`ymk¯nsâ {]Yae£yw hnhchpw hnthIhpapÅ hyànIsf cq]s¸Sp¯pIbmWv. a\pjyXzapÅ a\pjys\ krjvSn¡m\pXIp¶XmIWw hnZym`ymkw. D¯a]uc·msc cq]s¸Sp¯m³ klmbn¡p¶ hnZym`ymk]²XnIfpw ]cn]mSnIfpamWmhiyw. F¶mÂ Cu e£y§Ä {ItaW ]mÀizhXvIcn¡s¸«psImWvSncn¡p¶p. hnZym`ymkw tPmen¡v F¶mbncn¡p¶p. hyànXzhnImks¯¡mÄ {]m[m\yw tPmen¡mbn. hnZym`ymkw F¶mÂ sXmgne[njvTnXhnZym`ymkw F¶mbn amdn. CXn\v sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymkamhiyamWv. sXmgnÂ taJebnÂ ISp¯ aÕcw \S¡pt¼mÄ sXmgnÂ k¼mZn¡m³ km[yXbpÅ sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymkw FÃmhcpw B{Kln¡p¶p. CXn\v KpWta·bpÅ hnZym`ymkw e`yamIp¶ hnZymeb§Ä At\zjn¨pIsWvS¯m³ {ian¡p¶p. CXv kzm`mhnIamb {]hWXbmWv.
\½psS kwØm\s¯ P\§Ä Ip«nIfpsS hnZym`ymks¯¸än hfsc Aht_m[apÅhcmWv. hnZym`ymkanÃm¯ amXm]nXm¡fpw Ip«nIÄ¡v KpWta·bpÅ hnZym`ymkw B{Kln¡p¶p. Hcp tPmen In«n kmam\yw sa¨s¸« PohnXw ChÀ {]Xo£n¡p¶p. kmam\yw ]Tn¡m³ Ignhpw _p²niànbpapÅ Ip«nIÄ¡v tI{µt_mÀUnsâ IognepÅ Cw¥ojv aoUnbw hnZymeb§fmWv sa¨sa¶ Hcp s]mXp[mcW kaql¯nÂ Bgambn ]Xnªn«pWvSv. km¼¯nIambn ap¶m¡w \nev¡p¶hÀ¡v X§fpsS Ip«nIsf tI{µkne_kv A\pkcn¨pÅ hnZymeb§fnÂ Abbv¡pI F¶Xv A`nam\¯nsâ {]iv\hpw IqSnbmbn amdn¡gnªp. Cu hnZymeb§fnÂ {]thi\w e`n¡pt¼mÄ¯s¶ X§fpsS a¡Ä Bcmbn¯ocWw F¶v amXm]nXm¡Ä \nÝbn¨pd¸n¡p¶p. tUmIvSÀ, F³Pn\obÀ apXemb s{]m^jWepIÄ¡mWv ap³KW\. CXn\mhiyamb {]thi\¸co£bv¡pÅ X¿msdSp¸v Xmgv¶ ¢mÊpIfnÂ Xs¶ Bcw`n¡p¶p. Ip«nIfpsS Ignthm A`ncpNntbm, XmÂ]cytam ]cnKWn¡msXbpÅ ]cnioe\]cn]mSnbmWnXv. CXpaqew Ip«nIÄ¡pWvSmIp¶ am\knIkwLÀjw Duln¡mhp¶tXbpÅq. kaql¯n\pWvSmImhp¶ IjvS\jvS§Ä hfscbmWv. Cu hkvXpXIsfm¶pw ]cnKWn¡msXbmWv amXm]nXm¡Ä Ip«nIsf hnZymeb§fnte¡bbv¡p¶Xv.
tI{µt_mÀUnsâ kne_k\pkcn¨v Cw¥ojv aoUnb¯nepÅ hnZymeb§tfmSmWv s]mXpsh XmÂ]cyw. Cw¥ojv aoUnbamWv Cu XmÂ]cy¯n\v Hcp {][m\ImcWw. ChnsS ]Tn¨mÂ tIcf¯n\p shfnbnemsW¦nepw tPmen In«psa¶v Hcp anYym[mcWbpWvSv. s]mXpP\§fpsS XmÂ]cyw a\Ênem¡n kÀ¡mÀ FbvUUv hnZymeb§fpw aebmfw am[ya¯n\v kam´cambn Cw¥ojv aoUnbw Unhnj\pIÄ Bcw`n¨n«pWvSv. Cu ]²Xnbpw Cu hnZymeb§fnte¡v Ip«nIsf BIÀjn¡p¶nÃ.
kÀ¡mcnsâ hnIeamb hnZym`ymk\bhpw hnZymeb§fpsS Xmgv¶ \nehmchpamWv kÀ¡mÀ, FbvUUv , A¬ FbvUUv hnZymeb§Ä AhKWn¡s¸Sm³ ImcWw. kzmX{´yw e`n¨Xn\ptijw kwØm\s¯ kvIqfpIfnÂ ]T\am[yaw aebmfam¡n. Cw¥ojv {Xn`mjm]²XnbpsS `mKambn. {]tXyI Cw¥ojv aoUnbw kvIqfpIfpsS Bcw`w 1970þ\p tijamWv. tI{µt_mÀUnsâ IognepÅ Cw¥ojv aoUnbw kvIqfpIÄ KWyambn hÀ²n¡phm³ XpS§nbn«v cWvSp ]XnämWvSp am{Xta Bbn«pÅq. kwØm\s¯ `qcn]£w Ip«nIfpw 1950 þ 1980 ImeL«¯nÂ aebmfw aoUnb¯nÂ hnZy A`ykn¨hcmWv. kmam\yw sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymkw \evIphm³ kwØm\s¯ s]mXphnZym`ymkcoXn A¶v klmbIambncp¶p. F¶mÂ, ]n¶oSv ImemIme§fnÂ `cW¯nÂ h¶ kÀ¡mcnsâ hnZym`ymk\b§fpw ]cnjvImc§fpw s]mXphnZym`ymktaJesb XIcmdnem¡n Un.]n.C.]n. t]mepÅ ]cnjvImc§Ä kÀ¡mÀ , FbvUUv taJeItfmSv P\§Ä¡pÅ hnizmkyX \jvSam¡n. kÀ¡mcnsâ ]mTy]²Xn, ]mT]pkvXI]cnjvImc§Ä hnZymeb§fpsS KpW\nehmcw sa¨s¸Sp¯m³ t]mcp¶hbÃ. ]co£maqey\nÀ®b]cnjvImc§Ä apXembh hnZymeb§fpsS \nehmcw sa¨s¸Sp¯m³ klmbn¨nÃ. Ir{Xnaambn hnPbiXam\w DbÀ¯n amXm]nXm¡sfbpw Ip«nIsfbpw I_fn¸n¡p¶ X{´amWv kÀ¡mÀ {]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. Ccp«psImWvSv Hm«bS¨v ]cnlcn¡mhp¶ {]iv\aÃ CXv.
tUm. Pn. {]` \nco£n¡p¶p: ""DÂ]mZ\tam DÂ]¶§tfm kz´aÃm¯ Hcp D]t`màrkwØm\amWv tIcfw. hyhkmb§fnÃ, hym]IIrjntbm IrjnbnS§tfm CÃ. aäp sXmgnÂ taJeIfnÃ. ChbnÂ Aev]ambsX¦nepw _m¡nbpsWvS¦nÂ Ahbpw amªps]mbvs¡mWvSncn¡p¶p. A\ycpsS henb Hcp It¼mfamWv tIcfw. Hcp Bhmk`qan F¶Xnep]cn sXmgnÂkm[yXIÄ Xptemw hncfw. icmicn A`ykvXhnZyÀ¡pÅ sXmgnse¶Xv kÀ¡mÀ Hm^okpIfnse KpakvX¸WnbmWv. atäsX¦nepw anI¨ tPmen thWsa¦nÂ ]pdw\mSpIfnte¡p t]mtIWvSn hcpw. Cusbmcp ]cnX:ØnXnbnÂ ]cnjvIcn¨ ]pXnb hnZym`ymk]²XnbneqsS hnZym`ymkw t\Sp¶hsc AhcpsS tbmKyX¡\pkrXambn \½psS kwØm\¯v F{XImew F{Xt¯mfw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m\mhpw F¶p Nn´n¡p¶Xv \¶mbncn¡pw.
""kwØm\¯n\mhiyamb, s]mXpkaqlw Bhiys¸Sp¶ tkh\w Fs´ms¡sb¶p a\Ênem¡n AXp e`yamIp¶ Xc¯nÂ bpham\htijnsb hfÀ¯pIbpw ]cnineo¸n¡pIbpw thWw. AsX´msW¶pw AXn\pÅ amÀ¤sa´msW¶pw ZoÀLZrjvSntbmsS a\Ênem¡pIbpw AXn\\pkrXamb ]mT§fpw ]mTy]²XnIfpambn apt¶m«pt]mhpIbpw thWw.''
`mcXw {]IrXnhn`h§ÄsImWvSv k¼¶amWv. Gähpw {][m\s¸«Xv am\htijnhn`hamWv. \½psS kwØm\hpw Imcy£aamb am\htijnsImWvSv A\pKrloXw. Cu hn`hw \jvSs¸SmsX kwØm\¯nsâbpw cmPy¯nsâbpw ]ptcmKXn¡p klmbIcambhn[¯nÂ {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯Ww. am\htijn kw_Ôn¨ hyàamb ¹m\pw ]²XnIfpamWnXn\mhiyw. CXnsâ A`mh¯nÂ Cu hn`hw D]tbmKiq\yamIpw. hyàamb ¹m\pw ]²Xnbpw CÃm¯Xnsâ ^eamWv kwØm\w t\cnSp¶ A`ykvXhnZycpsS sXmgnenÃmbva. DÅ sXmgnepIÄ sN¿m³ tbmKyXbpw sshZKv[yhpw A`ykvXhnZysc¶`nam\n¡p¶hÀ¡nÃ.
]ucmhImiamWv hnZym`ymkw. kÀ¡mcnsâ Gähpw henb D¯chmZnXzw ]uc·mÀ¡v sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymkw \ÂIpI F¶XmWv. s]mXphnZym`ymkhpw D¶XhnZym`ymkhpw CXnÂs¸Spw. km[mcW¡mcpsS B{ibamWv kÀ¡mÀ, FbvUUv kvIqfpIÄ. Cu hnZymeb§Ä KpWta·bpÅ hnZym`ymkw \ÂIm³ Ignbp¶hbmIWw. hnZym`ymkw kuP\yambXpsImWvSv KpWw sa¨s¸SpIbnÃ. kwØm\w hnZym`ymktaJebnÂ h³\nt£]w \S¯nbn«pWvSv. CXn\\pkcn¨pÅ KpWta·
hÀ²n¨n«nÃ. Ignhpw _p²niànbpw XmcXtay\ IqSpXepÅ Ip«nIÄ Cu hnZymeb§Ä Dt]£n¨v tI{µt_mÀUnsâ IognepÅ kzImcyhnZymeb§sf B{ibn¡pt¼mÄ kzm`mhnIambpw \nehmc¯IÀ¨ kw`hn¡pw. icmicnbnÂ XmsgbpÅ Ip«nIfmIpw `qcn]£hpw kÀ¡mÀ FbvUUv kvIqfpIfnÂ. hyàamb ¹m\pw ]²XnIfpw hgn kÀ¡mÀ FbvUUv kvIqfpIÄ kwc£n¨v sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶nsÃ¦nÂ kaql¯nse km[mcW¡mÀ¡mbncn¡pw \jvSw. CXpsImWvSv k¼¶À¡v H¶pw \jvSs¸Sm\nÃ F¶v Xncn¨dnhpWvSmIWw.
tI{µt_mÀUv kne_k\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ sF.kn.Fkv.kn; kn._n.Fkv.C. kvIqfpIÄ km[mcW¡mc\p {]m]n¡mhp¶ Øm]\§fÃ. em`w am{Xw t\m¡n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ ]»nIv kvIqfpIfmWnh. GXm\pw KpW\nehmcapÅ kvIqfpIsfmgn¨mÂ Cu taJebnÂ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ `qcn]£w kvIqfpIfpw icmicnbnÂ Xmgv¶hbmWv. ]»nIv kvIqfpIÄ IqWpt]mse apf¨ps]m§p¶pWvSv. km[mcW¡mcs\ Ip¯n¸ngnªv em`apWvSm¡p¶ Ch A[ym]IÀ¡v \oXn]qÀÆamb {]Xn^ew t]mepw \ÂImdnÃ. CsXm¶pw s]mXpP\¯n\p Xncn¨dnbm³ Ignbp¶nsÃ¶XmWv bmYmÀ°yw. Ip«nIÄ¡v hn{ia¯n\pw hnt\mZ¯n\pw Ahkcw \ÂImsX Ahsc `mcs¸Sp¯n D´n¡bäp¶ coXnbmWv Cu kvIqfpIÄ XpScp¶Xv. Ip«nItfmSp sN¿p¶ Gähpw henb t{ZmlamWnXv.
kwØm\s¯ D¶XhnZym`ymktaJebpw henb {]XnkÔn t\cnSpIbmWv. kÀ¡mÀ \b§fpw kao]\§fpw ]cnjvIcW\S]SnIfpw Cu taJesb sa¨s¸Sp¯m³ klmbIcaÃ. kzImcyhnZym`ymktaJetbmSp kÀ¡mcn\v Nnä½\bamWv. kzImcytaJebpsS ]¦mfn¯anÃmsX hnZym`ymktaJe hnIkn¸n¡m\mhnÃ. Cu kmlNcy¯nÂ kÀ¡mÀ {]mtbmKnIhpw {InbmßIhpamb \ne]mSmWv kzImcyhnZym`ymkØm]\§tfmSv kzoIcnt¡WvSXv. F¶mÂ kzImcyØm]\§sf \in¸n¡m\pÅ FÃm X{´§fpw kÀ¡mÀ {]tbmKn¡p¶p. an\p¡p]WnIÄsImWvSv hnZym`ymktaJe sa¨s¸Spsa¶ anYym[mcW KpWw sN¿nÃ.
kÀÆIemimeIÄ hnÚm\¯nsâ `Þmchpw DdhnShpamWv. hnÚm\w krjvSn¡s¸Sp¶ taJebmWnXv. ]T\hpw KthjWhpw hgnbmWv hnÚm\w krjvSn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. AXpsImWvSv ]T\¯nsâbpw KthjW¯nsâbpw tI{µ§fmIWw kÀÆIemimeIÄ. F¶mÂ \½psS IemimeIÄ Chbvs¡m¶pw A{X {]m[m\yw sImSp¡p¶nÃ. \½psS kÀÆIemimeIfpsS {][m\ tPmen ]co£m\S¯n¸pw ^e{]Jym]\hpamWv. Cu tPmen Xs¶ Imcy£aambn sN¿phm³ kÀÆIemimeIÄ¡p Ignbp¶nÃ F¶XmWv bmYmÀ°yw. \½psS D¶XhnZym`ymktaJe NnÃd ]cnjvImc§Ä sImsWvSm¶pw \¶m¡mhp¶XÃ. ASnapSn amäw hcp¶ ]cnjvImcw Bhiyambn hcpw.
kmam\yw Ignhpw _p²niànbpapÅhcpsSsbÃmw e£yw s{]m^jWÂ hnZym`ymkamWv. tUmIvSÀ, F³Pn\obÀ F¶nhbv¡mWv Gähpw henb ap³KW\. AXpIgnªmÂ Fw.kn.F., \gvknwKv apXemb tImgvkpItfmSmWp {]nbw. Cu tImgvkpIÄ¡v kÀ¡mÀ henb kwJy sNehnSp¶p. F¶mÂ `qcn`mKw s{]m^jWepIfpsSbpw tkh\w kwØm\¯n\p e`n¡p¶nÃ. A\ykwØm\§fnte¡pw hntZit¯¡pw tPmen tXSn ChÀ t]mIp¶p. Cu C\¯nÂ kÀ¡mcn\v henb km¼¯nI\jvSw kw`hn¡p¶pWvSv.
\ap¡v kmt¦XnIhnZKv[cpw s{]m^WepIfpw am{Xw aXntbm? imkv{XÚcpw kmlnXyImc·mcpw IemImc·mcpsaÃmw kaql¯n\mhiyamWv. kmt¦XnIhnZy imkv{XhnÚm\s¯ B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv. AXpsImWvSv IgnhpÅhsc imkv{Xhnjb§Ä ]Tn¡m³ t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw AXn\pÅ kmlNcy§Ä krjvSn¡pIbpw sN¿Ww. kaql¯nÂ am\yXbpw AtXmsSm¸w \Ã km¼¯nIhcpam\hpw {]Xo£n¨mWv P\§Ä s{]m^WÂ tImgvkpItfmSv IqSpXÂ XmÂ]cyw ImWn¡p¶Xv. CXv hfsc A]ISIcamb {]hWXbmWv. am\hnIhnjb§fpw kmlnXyhpw Iebpsams¡ a\pjys\ kwkvImcNn¯\m¡m³ klmbn¡p¶hbmWv. imkv{Xhnjb§fpw am\hnIhnjb§fpw ]Tn¡m³ IgnhpÅhsc t{]mÕmln¸nt¡WvSXmhiyamWv. A[ym]\cwK¯v \Ã A[ym]IcmIWsa¦nÂ Cu hnjb§Ä ]Tn¡p¶hcpWvSmIWw. Hcp cmPy¯nsâ ]ptcmKXn A[ym]Isc¡qSn B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶p. kaÀ°cmb A[ym]IcpsS A`mhw hnZym`ymktaJesb tZmjIcambn _m[n¡pw.
\½psS kwØm\s¯ s]mXphnZym`ymkD¶XhnZym`ymktaJeIÄ sa¨s¸Sp¯m³ DXIp¶ ]cnjvImc§fmWmhiyw. tI{µkÀ¡mcnsâ \b§fpw ]cn]mSnIfpw hnZym`ymktaJesb sa¨s¸Sp¯m\pt±in¨n«pÅXmWv. hnZym`ymktaJebnÂ ka{Kamb amä¯n\mhiyamb ]²XnIÄ¡v tI{µkÀ¡mÀ cq]wsImSp¯psImWvSncn¡pIbmWv. kzImcytaJebpsS ]¦mfn¯¯n\v {]m[m\yw sImSp¡p¶ kao]\amWv tI{µkÀ¡mcn\pÅXv. kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ tI{µkÀ¡mcnsâ ]cn]mSnItfmSp klIcn¨pÅ ]²XnIfmWv \S¸nem¡m³ {iant¡WvSXv. Ip¯gnª hnZym`ymktaJesb Ip¯ns¡«n Nn«s¸Sp¯p¶ {]{Inb BhWw hnZym`ymkw ]cnjvImc§Ä sImWvSv Dt±in¡p¶Xv. ]mÀ«n XmXv]cy§Ä¡pw {]Xybimkv{X¯n\pw AXoXambn P\\·bv¡p]Icn¡p¶ ]²XnIÄ hnZym`ymktaJebnÂ \S¸nem¡m³ `cWIÀ¯m¡Ä¡p IgnbWw.