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`£Ww, hkv{Xw, ]mÀ¸nSw, BtcmKyw F¶nh a\pjysâ auenIimcocnImhiy§fmWv. Cu Bhiy§Ä \nÀÆln¡s¸Sp¶tXmsSm¸w am\knIhpw sshImcnIhpamb Bhiy§fpw Xr]vXns¸Sp¯Ww. AwKoImcw, BZchv, A`n\µ\w, t{]mÕml\w, ]cnKW\ apXembh am\knIhpw sshImcnIhpamb Bhiy§fnÂs¸Spw.
a\pjysâ am\knIhpw sshImcnIhpamb hnImkw hnZym`ymks¯ B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv. imcocnIhfÀ¨bv¡pw hnZym`ymkw Bhiyhpw klmbIhpamWv. AXpsImWvSmWv hnZym[\w kÀÆ[\mÂ {][m\w F¶p IcpXs¸Sp¶Xv. Hu]NmcnIhnZym`ymkw am{XaÃ A\u]NmcnIhnZym`ymkhpw {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶p. hnZym`ymkw _u²nIXe¯nepÅ hnImkw am{XaÃ am\knIsshImcnIXe§sf ]cn]Izam¡m³ DXIp¶Xpambncn¡Ww.
a\pjysâ \nch[nbmb Bhiy§Ä \ndthäm³ [\¯nsâ ]¦v hfsc {][m\s¸«XmWv. AXpsImWvSv a\pjysâ aqeyt{iWnbnÂ Gähpw {][m\Øm\w [\w ssIbS¡n¡gnªp. C¶v `qcn]£w BfpIfpsSbpw {][m\aqeyw ]WamIp¶p. ]WapsWvS¦nÂ asäÃmw {]m]n¡m³ Ignbpsa¶ [mcW iàamWv. A[nImchpw {]ikvXnbpw PohnXkuIcy§fpw B`cWhpw AwKoImchpsaÃmw [\ambn ]cnWan¨ncn¡p¶p. adn¨pÅ Nn´IÄ¡v {]mtbmKnIPohnX¯nÂ {]kàn \jvSs¸«p Ignªp. ]W¯nsâ apIfnÂ ]cp´pw ]d¡pIbnsÃ¶v ]gsamgnbpWvSsÃm. Cu aqeyk¦ev]w [\mÀ¯nbnte¡p a\pjys\ \bn¡p¶p; \mi¯nte¡pw. an¡hsc kw_Ôn¨pw GXp amÀ¤ap]tbmKn¨pw ]Ww k¼mZn¡pI F¶Xv PohnXe£yambn¡gnªp.
[\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ alm·mcpsS Nn´Ifpw {]t_m[\§fpw shdpw PetcJIÄ am{XamWv. [\¯nsâ \izcXsbbpw \mi^e§sfbpw Ipdn¨v {InkvXp DZvt_m[n¸n¡p¶pWvSv. H«Iw kqNn¡pgbneqsS IS¡p¶Xns\¡mÄ ZpjvIcamWv [\hmsâ kzÀ¤{]thiw. Fs¶ A\pKan¡m³ B{Kln¡p¶h³ X\n¡pÅsXÃmw hnäv Zcn{ZÀ¡p sImSp¯n«v Fs¶ A\pKan¡pI. Zcn{ZÀ `mKyhm·mÀ. k¼¶sc \n§fpsS ØnXn F{X Zb\obw. \n§fpsS kamizmkw \n§Ä¡p e`n¨pIgnªncn¡p¶p. {InkvXphnsâ Cu {]t_m[\§Ä¡v F´p hne Iev]n¡s¸Sp¶p? Ch shdpw {]kwKhnjbw am{XamWv. {InkvXphns\ Xsâ injy·mcnsemcmÄ hnäXv ap¸Xp shÅn¡min\mWv. F¶mÂ C¶v {InkvXphns\ AXnÂ Ipdsªmcp hnebv¡p hm§m³ hnet]ins¡mWvSncn¡pIbmWv. hn]Wnbnse hnev]\¨c¡mbn amdns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p {InkvXp.
alm·msc BZcn¡pIbpw _lpam\n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv a\pjysâ kzm`mhnIamb {]hWXbpw ioehpamWv. C{]Imcw alm·msc AwKoIcn¡m\pw BZcn¡m\pw cq]s¸Sp¯nbn«pÅhbmWv ]pckvImc§Ä. PohnX¯nsâ hnhn[ taJeIfnÂ anIhp ImWn¨n«pÅhscbmWv ]pckvImc§Ä \evIn BZcn¡p¶Xv. imkv{Xw, kmt¦XnIhnZy, Ie, kmlnXyw, BßobX, kmaqlnI{]hÀ¯\§Ä apXemb taJeIfnÂ Imcyam{X{][m\amb kw`mh\ \ÂInb alm·mscbmWv ]pckvImc§Ä tXSn F¯p¶Xv. C§s\bpÅhsc Xncn¨dnªv XncsªSp¯v BZcn¡pIbmWp ]Xnhv. Chbv¡v AÀlcmbhsc IsWvS¯pI A{X Ffp¸apÅ ImcyaÃ.
{]mtZinI, tZiob, A´Àt±iobXe§fnÂ AÀlcmbhsc IsWvS¯n ]pckvImc§Ä \ÂImdpWvSv. A´Àt±iobXe¯nÂ Xnf¡amÀ¶ ]e ]pckvImc§fpapWvSv. 2009 s^{_phcn 24þ\p {]Jym]n¨ HmkvImÀ AhmÀUv kn\namcwKs¯ Gähpw {]ikvXamb ]pckvImcamWv. `mcXobcmb F.BÀ. dlvam\pw dkqÂ ]q¡p«n¡pw e`n¨ AwKoImcw \½psS ]{Xam[ya§fpw CXc am[ya§fpw BtLmjn¨p. Atacn¡bnse A¡mZan Hm^v tamj³ ]nIvNÀ BÀSvkv B³Uv kb³kv F¶ kwLS\bmWv Cu ]pckvImcw GÀs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. tlmfnhpUnse hnhn[ hn`mK§fnÂ Ignhp sXfnbn¨hÀ¡mWv Cu AhmÀUv \ÂIp¶Xv. 1929þtabv 26 \mbncp¶p BZyAhmÀUpZm\¨S§v. "KmÔn'bpw "ÉwtUmKv aney\bdpw' am{XamWv C´ybnÂ \n¶v HmkvImÀ AhmÀUn\v tbmKyX t\SnbXv.
HmkvImÀ ]pckvImcs¯¸änbpw Bt£]§fpWvSv. Cu AhmÀUn\p ]cnKWn¡p¶Xv \Ã kn\naIsfbÃ I¨hSkn\naIsfbmsW¶v ]cmXnbpWvSv. 11 {]ikvXA´mcmjv{S]pckvImc§Ä t\Snb kXyPnXvdmbnbpsS "]tYÀ ]m©men¡v' Cu AhmÀUv In«nbnÃ. HmkvImÀ In«m¯XpsImWvSv Cu kn\nabpsS alXz¯n\p tIm«w X«nbn«panÃ.
A´Àt±iobXe¯nÂ Gähpw {]ikvXnbpÅ ]pckvImcamWv t\m_Âk½m\w. kzoU\nse Hcp sIanÌpw hyhkmb{]apJ\pambncp¶ BÂ{^Uv t\m_Â GÀs¸Sp¯nbXmWv Cu ]pckvImcw. t\m_Â Xsâ acW]{X¯nÂ Xsâ kz¯nsâ 94 iXam\w AXmbXv 31 Zie£w kzoUojv t{ImtWmÀ A©v t\m_Â k½m\§Ä¡mbn kw`mh\ sNbvXp. 2008 se IW¡\pkcn¨v Cu XpI 186 Zie£w Atacn¡³ tUmfdn\p XpeyamWv.
Cu ]pckvImc¯nsâ Bcw`w 1895þemWv. DuÀÖX{´w, ckX{´w, icocimkv{Xw AsÃ¦nÂ sshZyimkv{Xw, kmlnXyw, kam[m\w F¶o A©p Imcy§Ä¡v anIhp ImWn¨hsc XncsªSp¯v 1901þÂ ]pckvImc§Ä \ÂIn. 1968þÂ kzoU\nse sk³{SÂ _m¦v BÂ{^Uv t\m_ensâ HmÀ½bv¡mbn [\imkv{X¯n\v Hcp ]pckvImcw GÀs¸Sp¯n. 1969þÂ BZyambn Cu ]pckvImcw \ÂIn. Bdp imJIfnembn t\m_Â k½m\w t\SnbhÀ ]ecpWvSv. kn.hn. cma\pw AaÀXym sk¶pw aZÀ sXtckmbpsams¡ ChcnÂs¸Sp¶p. t\m_Â k½m\¯nsâ XncsªSp¸ns\¸änbpw Bt£]§Ä CÃmXnÃ.
kmlnXycwK¯v Adnbs¸Sp¶ ]pckvImcamWv "_p¡À ss{]kv.' Booker Mc Connell prize F¶mWv BZyw Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xv. Cu ]pckvImc¯nsâ {]tbmàm¡Ä _p¡À ams¡ms®Â I¼\nbmWv. 1968 emWv CXnsâ Bcw`w. 2002þapXÂ _p¡À ss{]kv _p¡À ^utWvSjsâ Iognem¡n. k½m\¯pI \ÂIp¶Xv _p¡À I¼\n Xs¶bmWv. k½m\¯pI 21000 {_n«ojv ]uWvSmbncp¶Xv 50000 ]uWvSmbn 2002þÂ DbÀ¯n. Cw¥ojv `mjm t\mhÂ kmlnXy¯n\mWv Cu ]pckvImcw \ÂIp¶Xv. tIma¬ shÂ¯v cmPy§fnÂ \nt¶m AbeÀWvSnÂ \nt¶m DÅ Cw¥ojv `mjbnepÅ t\mhepIfmWv _p¡À ]pckvImc¯n\p ]cnKWn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. Cu ]pckvImc¯n\v ]cnKW\mÀlamIp¶XpXs¶ Gähpw \Ã _lpaXnbmbn IcpXp¶p. 1981þse _p¡À ss{]kv tPXmhmb kÂam³ dpjvZn¡v 1993þÂ _p¡À Hm^v _p¡À ss{]kv e`n¡pIbpWvSmbn. _p¡Àss{]knsâ 25 hÀjs¯ Ncn{X¯nÂ BZyambn«mWv Cu ]pckvImcw kÂam\p e`n¡p¶Xv. ]pckvImcw e`n¨ t\mhensâ t]cv Midnight’s Children. _p¡À AhmÀUnsâ 40þmw hÀjw 2008þÂ, Gähpw hninjvSamb _p¡À ss{]kv k½m\hpw Midnight Children\p e`n¨p. 2008 Â C´ym¡mc\mb Achnµv AUnKmbpsS The White Tiger F¶ t\mhen\v Cu ]pckvImcw e`n¡pIbpWvSmbn. 1997þÂ aebmfnbmb AcpÔXn tdmbn _p¡À ss{]kn\v AhImin\nbmbn.
ImbnIcwKs¯ Adnbs¸Sp¶ ]pckvImcamWv sS¶okn\p \ÂIp¶ hn¼nÄU¬. Cw¥WvSnÂ hn¼nÄU¬ F¶ Øe¯v Hcp sS¶okv ¢_v 1868þÂ Bcw`n¨p. Cu SqÀWsaânsâ Bcw`w ChnsSbmWv. C¶v temI{]ikvXn t\Snb ]pckvImcamWnXv.
A´Àt±iobXe¯nÂ ImbnIcwKs¯ Gähpw henb tafbmWv Hfn¼nIvkv. Hfn¼nIvknÂ ]s¦Sp¡m³ Ignbp¶XpXs¶ `mKyambn IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶p. Hcp saUÂ t\Sm³ IgnªmÂ A´mcmjv{SAwKoImcambn. Hfn¼nIvknÂ `mcX¯nsâ {]IS\w hfsc \ncmimP\IamWv. Hcp saUÂ t]mepw In«m¯ Ahkc§fpapWvSv. Cu Ignª Hfn¼nIvknÂ Hcp kzÀ®hpw Hcp HmSpw In«nbXv \mw BtLmjn¨p. hyàn]camb t\«w AwKoIcn¡Ww. F¶mÂ temI¯nse A©nsem¶p P\kwJy hcp¶ Hcp cmjv{S¯n\v CXnÂ F´mWv A`nam\n¡m\pÅXv? Aev]\v AÀ°w In«pt¼mÄ AÀ²cm{Xn¡pw IpS ]nSn¡psa¶ ]gsamgn AÀ°apÅXmIp¶p.
thsdbpw \nch[n ]pckvImc§Ä A´Àt±iobXe¯nepWvSv. _lpaXnbpw AwKoImchpw {]Zm\w sN¿p¶ kwcw`§fmWnh. hyIvXnIfpsS am{XaÃ, cmjv{S¯nsâ Xs¶ {]ikvXn DbÀ¯m³ Cu ]pckvImc§Ä klmbn¡pw.
tZiobXe¯nÂ \nch[n ]pckvImc§Ä \nehnepWvSv. anI¨ `mjmkmlnXy¯n\pÅ AhmÀUmWv Úm\]oT]pckvImcw. tZiob AwKoImcapÅ Gähpw {]ikvX ]pckvImcamWnXv. Pn. i¦c¸nÅ, Fkv. sI. s]mä¡mSv, XIgn inhi¦c¸nÅ, Fw.Sn. hmkptZh³\mbÀ F¶nhÀ¡v Úm\]oTw AhmÀUv e`n¨n«pWvSv. anI¨ kmlnXyIrXnIÄ¡pÅ tZiob ]pckvImc§Ä tI{µkmlnXyA¡mZan \ÂInhcp¶p. FÃm `mjIfnepapÅ {]ikvXIrXnIÄ Cu ]pckvImc¯n\v ]cnKWn¡s¸Sp¶pWvSv.
tZiobXe¯nÂ GsX¦nepw taJebnÂ {]mhoWyw sXfnbn¡s¸«n«pÅ alXvhyànIsf _lpaXnIÄ \ÂIn cmjv{Sw BZcn¡mdpWvSv. ]ß{io, ]ß`qj¬, ]ßhn`qj¬, `mcXcXv\w apXembh tZiob _lpaXnIfmWv. ssk\nI,AÀ²ssk\nI hn`mK§fnÂ anIhp ImWn¨hsc saUepIÄ \ÂIn BZcn¡p¶ ]XnhpWvSv. ImbnI aÕc§fnÂ {]mKev`yw ImWn¨hsc AÀÖp\ AhmÀUp t]mepÅ _lpaXnIÄ \ÂIn BZcn¡p¶p. kvIqÄ A[ym]IÀ¡v tZiob AhmÀUpIÄ {]Jym]n¡mdpWvSv. AÀln¡p¶hÀ¡mtWm Cu _lpaXnIsfms¡ e`n¡p¶sX¶v kwibw P\n¸n¡p¶ kµÀ`§fpw DWvSmImdpWvSv. acWtijhpw Nne alm·msc _lpaXnbpw ]pckvImc§fpw tXSn F¯p¶p.
kwØm\Xe¯nepw {]mtZinIXe¯nepw AhmÀUpIÄ [mcmfw. IqWpt]mse AhmÀUpIÄ apf¨ps]m§p¶p. Øm]\§fpw {]Øm\§fpw, ¢_pIfpsams¡ ]pXnb AhmÀUpIÄ krjvSn¡p¶p. kwØm\ kmlnXyA¡mZan `mjmkmlnXy¯n\pÅ ]pckvImc§Ä \ÂImdpWvSv. kwØm\ Xe¯nÂ A[ym]IÀ¡pw ]pckvImc§Ä \ÂIp¶p. kwØm\t]meokv tk\bnepÅhscbpw saUepIÄ \ÂIn BZcn¡p¶p. kn\nabv¡pw ]pckvImc§Ä GÀs¸Sp¯nbn«pWvSv. kzImcyØm]\§fpw hyànIfpw hnhn[ ]pckvImc§Ä GÀs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXmbn ImWmw. N§¼pg AhmÀUv, Fgp¯Ñ³ ]pckvImcw, ap«¯phÀ¡n AhmÀUv apXembh kmlnXycwKs¯ ]pckvImc§fmWv. alXvhyànIsftUmIvSÀ_ncpZw \ÂIn kÀÆIemimeIÄ BZcn¡p¶ ]XnhpWvSv.
s]mXp{]hÀ¯Isc {]tXyIn¨v cmjv{Sob¡msc _lpaXnIÄ \ÂIn BZcn¡p¶ coXn¡v {]Nmcw IqSp¶p. anI¨ kwip² s]mXp{]hÀ¯I\pÅ `mcXob P\]£¯nsâ AhmÀUv "tIcfcXv\w' a{´n ]msemfn apl½ZvIp«n Gäphm§nbXmbn ]{X¯nÂ hmbn¨p. FÃm a{´namcpw GsX¦nepsamcp AhmÀUv kwLSn¸n¡psa¶XnÂ XÀ¡anÃ. AhmÀUptamlnIsf Xr]vXns¸Sp¯m³ am{XapÅ AhmÀUpIÄ \nehnepWvSv. t]msc¦nÂ ]pXnbh krjvSn¡mw.
]WvSp ]WvSv AhmÀUpIÄ AÀlcmbhsc tXSnsb¯pIbmbncp¶p. C¶mIs« AhmÀUptamlnIÄ AhmÀUv At\zjn¨p \S¡pIbmWv. AhmÀUpIÄ Xcs¸Sp¯ns¡mSp¡p¶ GPâpamcpapsWvS¶p tIÄ¡p¶p. AhmÀUpIÄ Øm]n¨v B ]pckvImc§Ä Gäphm§p¶hcpapWvSv. hmÀ¯bpWvSm¡m³thWvSn NneÀ AhmÀUpIÄ \nckns¨¶ncn¡pw. ]n¶oSv AXv clkyambn Gäphm§pIbpw sN¿pw.
_lpaXnIÄ t\SnsbSp¡m³ NnecpsS s]Sm¸mSpIÄ ImtWWvSXp Xs¶. Kn¶kv _p¡ntem, IpdªXv en¦m _pIvkntem Ibdn¸äm\mWv NnecpsS ]cn{iaw. Gähpw henb hnf¡v, Gähpw henb IÂ¡pcniv, Gähpw henb ]Ån, Ipcnip]Ån, Gähpw henb sImSnacw apXembh \nÀ½n¨v Kn¶kv _p¡v e£yw hbv¡p¶p. kÀ¸bÚw, {]kwKbÚw apXembh \S¯n t]scSp¡m³ {ian¡p¶hcpw CÃmXnÃ. Häbncp¸nÂ 50 CÍen Xn¶v dn¡mÀUp krjvSn¡p¶hcpapWvSv. aoibv¡pw IjWvSn¡pw aÕcw h¨v ]pckvImc§Ä t\Sp¶hscbpw ImWmw. C{]ImcapÅ _lpaXnIfpw ]pckvImc§fpw tamln¨p\S¡p¶hÀ ]cnlmkycmbn¯ocpIbmWv.
B\, ]ip, izm\³ apXemb arK§sfbpw ]pckvImcw \evIn BZcn¡mdpWvSv. KPcmP]«w CXnÂs¸Sp¶p. Cu arK§fpsS DSaIÄ¡mWv ]pckvImc¯nsâ t\«w. C§s\bpw _lpaXn t\Smw. _lpaXnIfpw ]pckvImc§fpw, AÀln¡p¶hÀ¡v \ntj[n¡s¸SpIbpw A\ÀlÀ ssIbS¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ ChbpsS hnizmkyX \jvSs¸Spw. bYmÀ° _lpaXnIfpw ]pckvImc§fpw AÀlcmbhsc tXSnsb¯pw. _lpaXnbpw ]pckvImc§fpw alXvhyànIfpsS alXzw Iq«pItbm Ipdbv¡pItbm sN¿p¶nÃ. AhcpsS alXz¯nsâ AwKoImcw am{XamWnXv. Chsc kaqlw AwKoIcn¡p¶nsÃ¦nÂ B \jvSw kaql¯n\mWv. alm·msc kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw _lpaXnIfpw ]pckvImc§fpw tN¼nebnÂ hoW shÅw t]msebmIp¶p.