""^mZÀ Umanb³ CXphscbpw hnip²\mbntÃ?'' ASp¯Ime¯v Nnescms¡ tNmZn¡p¶Xp tI«p. 2009 HIvtSm_À 11þ\v ^m. Umanbs\ s_\UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma³amÀ ]m¸m hnip²s\¶p \maIcWw sN¿psa¶ hmÀ¯ ]pd¯ph¶tXmsSbmWv Nnescms¡ kwibw D¶bn¨Xv. samtfmt¡mbnse IpjvTtcmKnIfpsS CSbn Pohn¨v Ahcn Hcph\mbn¯oÀ¶ Umanb³, Xsâ XymKPohnXwhgn aäp ]e hnip²sc¡mfpw temIsa¼mSpw Adnbs¸Sp¶ hyànbmWv. AXpsImWvSmWv, hnip² Umanbs\¶ hntijWansænepw ^m. Umanbs\ hnip²s\t¸mse temIw apgph\pw BZcn¡p¶Xv.
_ÂPnb¯n ephbn\p kao]apÅ s{Xtatem {Kma¯n {^mt¦m UnhmÌÀþ ImXssd³ Z¼XnIfpsS F«pa¡fn Ggma\mbn 1840 P\phcn ap¶n\v Umanb³ P\n¨p. Úm\kv\m\¯n tPmk^v F¶ t]cmWv Ip«n¡p \ÂInbXv.
_mey¯n¯s¶ km[p¡tfmSv {]tXyI kvt\lhpw A\pI¼bpw {]ZÀin¸n¨ncp¶p. Bsc¦nepw Icbp¶XpIWvSm Ah\pw IqsSIcªpt]mIpw. thZ\n¡p¶htcmsSm¸w thZ\n¡mXncn¡m³ B ]n©plrZb¯n\p Ignªncp¶nÃ.
Hcp IÀjIIpSpw_ambncp¶p UmanbtâXv. aq¯ ktlmZc§Ä ]nXmhnt\msSm¸w hben Irjn¸Wnbn GÀs¸«ncp¶p.
sshZnI\mIphm\pÅ B{Klw tPmk^nsâ a\Ên apfsbSp¯p. Xsâ tPyjvTktlmZc³ ]w^n AwKambnt¨À¶ tk{I«v lmÀ«v Hm^v Pokkv B³Uv tacn F¶ k\ymk k` (]nIv]kv k\ymknIÄ)bn Ah\pw {]thin¨p. B Ahkc¯nemWv At±lw Umanb³ F¶ t]cp kzoIcn¨Xv. aq¶mw \qämWvSn càkm£nbmbn acn¨ Hcp `njKzc\mbncp¶p Umanb³. B \maw kzoIcn¨Xns\¸än At±lw ]n¶oSv C{]Imcw FgpXn: ""CuizcImcpWy¯m hnip² Umanbs\ A\pIcn¨v IpjvTtcmKnIfpsS IjvSXIÄ sXÃpian¸n¡p¶Xn\pw Ahsc c£mamÀ¤¯nte¡v B\bn¡p¶Xn\pw Rm³ {ian¡p¶Xmbncn¡pw.''
{InkvXphnsâ kphntijw \mfXphscbpw {]kwKn¡s¸«n«nÃm¯ hnZqctZi§fn t]mbn kphntijthesN¿p¶Xn\v Umanb³ B{Kln¨ncp¶p. C´ybnte¡v hn. {^m³kokvtkhyÀ t]mbXpt]mse lmhmbv Zzo]pIfn t]mIphm³ At±l¯n\v Ahkcw DWvSmbn. Xsâ ktlmZc³ ]w^oen\v B tZit¯¡v bm{X]pds¸Sphm³ A\phmZw e`n¨ncp¶p. ]t£, bm{X ]pds¸Sp¶Xn\v HcmgvNap¼v epshbn\n ]SÀ¶p]nSn¨ Hcp ]IÀ¨hym[nbn At±lhpw tcmKnbmbn¯oÀ¶p. AXn\m At±l¯n\p ]Icw anj\dnbmbn t]mIp¶Xn\v Umanb³ k¶²\mbn.
1865 lmhmbv Zzo]n IpjvTtcmKw ]SÀ¶p]nSn¡m³ XpS§n. BZysams¡ `cWm[nImcnIÄ AX{X Ku\n¨nÃ. HSphn {]iv\w KpcpXcamsW¶p a\Ênembt¸mÄ IpjvTtcmKnIsf samtfmt¡mbnte¡p\mSpIS¯p¶Xn\v Xocpam\n¨p.
tcmKnIfpsSbpw AhcpsS _Ôp¡fpsSbpw Zb\obØnXn t\cnÂIWvS Umanb\v AhcpsSta A\pI¼tXm¶n. B IpjvTtcmKnIsf ip{iqjn¡phm³ samtfmt¡m Zzo]n t]mIphm³ At±lw sh¼ÂsImWvSp.
tlmtWmephn 1873 embncp¶p Umanb³ ]ptcmlnX]«w kzoIcn¨Xv. B hÀjw Xs¶ sabvamk¯nÂ, Hcp ]pXnb tZhmeb¯nsâ IqZmibv¡mbn Øes¯¯nb tlmtWmepepsa{Xm³, {]kwKat²y samtfmt¡mbnse IpjvTtcmKnIsf¸än ]cmaÀin¨p. B \ncmew_cpsS ip{iqjbv¡mbn At§m«p t]mIphm³ Bsc¦nepw X¿mdptWvSm F¶ tNmZyw ^m. Umanbs\ kv]Àin¨p. Xsâ k¶²X At±lw _nj¸ns\ Adnbn¨p. ^m. Umanb³ Xsâ ap¸¯naq¶mas¯ hbÊn IpjvTtcmKnIfpsS Xpd¶ XShdbmb samtfmt¡mbn F¯nt¨À¶p.
PohnX¯n tim`\amb Hcp `mhnsb¸än bmsXmcp {]Xo£bpanÃm¯ BfpIfmbncp¶p Zzo]p\nhmknIÄ. AXpsImWvSv aXhnizmktam kZmNmct_m[tam AhcpsS PohnX¯n DWvSmbncp¶nÃ. AhnsS kpe`ambncp¶ Hcp Xcw sNSnbpsS thcn \n¶v e`n¡p¶ ]m\obw IpSn¨v AhÀ atZm·¯cmbn PohnXw \bn¨p. \ncmibpw AÚXbpambncp¶p AhcpsS FÃm ZpjvIrXy§Ä¡pw ImcWw. Bk¶acWcmb tcmKnIsft¸mepw NnInÕn¡p¶Xn\v tUmIvSÀamtcm, Bkv]{XnItfm AhnsS DWvSmbncp¶nÃ. Umanb\p Xmakn¡p¶Xn\v IpjvTtcmKnIÄ ]mÀ¯ncp¶ sNä¡pSnepIfÃmsX aänS§fnÃmbncp¶p. ]Ånapä¯pWvSmbncp¶ Hcp h³hr£¯nsâ Nph«nemWv Umanb³ cm{XnImew Ign¨pIp«nbXv. agbpw aªpw Gäv B hr£¨ph«n BdmgvNtbmfw At±lw Ign¨pIq«n.
Hcp \nanjwt]mepw \jvSs¸Sp¯msX tcmKnIsf tXSn¸nSn¨v At±lw ip{iqjn¨p. AhcpsS {hW§Ä IgpIpIbpw acp¶p ]pc«n sh¨psI«pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ Cutimsb ]cnNcn¡p¶ A\p`hamWv Umanb\pWvSmbncp¶Xv. NneÀs¡Ãmw `£Ww hmcns¡mSpt¡WvSnbncp¶p. aq¶pw \mepw t]À Nne Znhk§fn acWaSªp. A¨³ Xs¶bmWv ]eIIÄ apdn¨v AhÀ¡p ihs¸«n \nÀ½n¨Xv. At±lwXs¶ ih¡pgnIÄ sh«n arXtZl§Ä kwkvIcnt¡WvSnh¶n«pWvSv. kz´w ktlmZc³ ^m. ]w^oen\v Umanb³ FgpXn:
""hnip²{KÙ¯n IpjvTtcmKnIsf¸än ]ebnS¯pw {]kvXmhn¨n«pWvSv. B `b¦chym[nbm IjvSs¸Sp¶ km[p¡sf klmbn¡p¶Xn\v AhnSs¯ AtbmKyktlmZcs\ XncsªSp¡p¶Xn\v ssZhw Xncpa\Êmbn!!''
Bcw`¯n tcmKnIfn \n¶v lmÀ±amb klIcWsam¶pw e`n¨ncp¶nÃ. tcmKw _m[n¨n«nÃm¯hsc AkqbtbmsSbmWv AhÀ ho£n¨ncp¶Xv. X§f\p`hn¡p¶ Zpc´¯nsâ hn¯pIÄ lmhmbn Zzo]pIfn hnX¨hsc¶ [mcWbn shÅ¡mtcmSv Zzo]p\nhmknIÄ¡v ISp¯hntcm[apWvSmbncp¶p._ÂPnbwImc\mb Umanbs\bpw B ho£WtImWn IqSnbmWv AhÀ IWvSXv.
]t£, C{]Imcw cqVaqeamb FÃm [mcWIsfbpw Xncp¯n¡pdn¡phm³ Umanbsâ £am]qÀÆamb kwkmccoXnbpw ]cnNcWhpwsImWvSp km[n¨p. \nIrjvSPohnIsft¸mse AIän\nÀ¯pIbÃ, adn¨v ktlmZcXpeyw X§sf X¶nte¡v ASp¸n¡pIbmWv At±lw sN¿p¶sX¶v AhÀ¡p t_m²ys¸«p.
Ft¸mÄ GXv sNä¡pSnente¡v hnfn¨mepw At±lw HmSnsb¯pIbmbn. tcmKnIsf kv]Àin¡p¶Xnt\m AhÀ h¨p\o«p¶ D]lmc§Ä kzoIcn¡p¶Xnt\m AhtcmsSm¯v Aev]t\cw Ccn¡p¶Xnt\m `£Ww Ign¡p¶Xnt\m t]mepw At±l¯n\v aSnbnÃmbncp¶p.
""Fsâ {]nbs¸« tcmKnIsfImWpI `b¦camWv,'' Umanb³ Xsâ k`bpsS s{]mhn³jyens\gpXn.""F¦nepw Znhyc£Isâ ]mh\cà¯m hnip²oIcn¡s¸« BßmhmWsÃm AhÀ¡papÅXv. Cutim IpjvT tcmKnIsf kpJs¸Sp¯nbncp¶sÃm. AhnSp¶v sNbvXXpt]mse Ahsc kpJs¸Sp¯phm³ F\n¡v IgnhnÃ. F¦nepw Ahsc Bizkn¸n¡phm³ F\n¡p km[n¡pw. am{XhpaÃ, Znhy\mY³ F\n¡p \ÂInbn«pÅ ip{iqjm ]utcmlnXywhgn, Cu tcmKnIfn ]ecpw B²ymßnI IpjvT¯nÂ\n¶v tamNnXcmbn, AhnSps¯ Xncpap¼n aäp hnip²tcmsSm¸w \nev¡phm³ tbmKycmIpsa¶v Rm³ {]Xymin¡p¶p,'' Umanb³ Hcp I¯n shfns¸Sp¯n.
sshZnIsâ AP]me\[À½w ]pXnb Hcp am\w ssIhcn¡pIbmbncp¶p Umanb\neqsS. kzÀ¤ob ]nXmhn\v Xsâ AicWcmb a¡tfmSp¯pkvt\lw F{X hepXmsW¶v At±l¯nsâ ip{iqjbneqsS AhÀ¡p t_m²ys¸Spw. ssZhw B tcmKnIfpsS ]¡te¡p IS¶psNÃpIbmbncp¶p. AhnthIsa¶v ]dbphm³ t]mepw CSbmI¯¡hn[w A{Xam{Xw At±lw AhtcmSSp¯p.
]{X§Ä Umanbsâ samtfmt¡m PohnX¯n\v henb hmÀ¯m{]m[m\yw \ÂIn. "samtfmt¡mbnse hoc]pcpj³' F¶mWv ]{X§Ä At±ls¯ hntijn¸n¨Xv. _ÂPnbwImc\mb B XymKk¼¶sâ klmb¯n\v [mcmfwt]À apt¶m«ph¶p. AtXkabwXs¶ kÀ¡mcnsâ DZmko\Xsb Ghcpw Ipäs¸Sp¯n. ]pdwXÅs¸«, lX`mKycmb IpjvTtcmKnIÄ¡pthWvSn BtcmKyhIp¸v F´psNbvXp F¶hÀ tNmZn¨p.
]t£, AXv B t{]jnXsâ tkh\¯n\p hn\bmbn¯ocpIbmWpWvSmbXv. £p`nXcmb BtcmKyhIp¸pImÀ Umanbsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v \ntcm[\w GÀs¸Sp¯n. Xmak Øew hn«v ]pd¯p t]mIcpsX¶v HmÀUdn«p. aX]caÃm¯ Hcp kwKXnbnepw Umanb\v CSs]Sphm³ A\phmZanÃ. ]ptcmlnXsâ ]Wn ]Ån¡pÅn am{Xw.
Umanbs\ am\knIambn Gsd thZ\n¸n¨ Hcp ØnXnhntijamWv kwPmXambXv. hoSn\p ]pd¯pt]mbn {]Xnamk Ip¼kmcw \S¯p¶Xn\pt]mepw A\phmZanÃ. B Ahkc¯nemWv lmhmbnÂ\n¶v s{]mhn³jye¨³ Hcp sNdpI¸en Øes¯¯nbXv. ]t£, I¸en \n¶v ]pd¯nd§m³ Iym]vä³ At±ls¯ A\phZn¨nà B I¸ensâ ASps¯¯p¶XnÂUmanbs\bpw hne¡n. Cu kmlNcy¯n At±lw Xsâ tXmWnbn ap«pIp¯n D¨¯n ]mt]m¨mcWw sNbvXp. ]qPy\mb s{]mhn³jy³ I¸en \n¶psImWvSv Xsâ kl{]hÀ¯Is\ BioÀÆZn¨p.
1884, Umanb³ samtfmt¡mbn F¯nbn«v 11þmwhÀjw. IpjvTtcmKw X\n¡pw ]nSns]«pF¶v At±lw a\Ênem¡n. Hcp RmbdmgvN IpÀ_m\bnse {]kwKat²y At±lw hnfn¨p ]dªp:"" IpjvTtcmKnIfmb \½Ä.........''
FÃmthZ\Ifpw AhKW\Ifpw \mYsâ Ipcnint\mSp tNÀ¯ph¨v At±lw kln¨p. {^©pKh¬saânsâ CSs]S hgn \ntcm[\§sfÃmw XmaknbmsX \o§n.
Umanbsâ tcmKw ASn¡Sn hÀ²n¨psImWvSncp¶p. A´yhn\mgnI ASp¯phcps¶¶p a\Ênembt¸mÄ At±lw Xsâ Hc`nemjw shfns¸Sp¯n: "" Rm³ samtfmt¡mbn h¶Znhkw apX F\ns¡mcphoSpWvSmIp¶Xphsc A`bw \ÂInb B hr£¨phSpXs¶bmbncn¡Ww Fsâ A´yhn{iaØehpw.''
1889 G{]n 15þmw XobXn alm\mb B a\pjykvt\lnbpsS ]mh\mßmhv kzÀ¤¯nte¡v ]d¶pbÀ¶p."" CXpt]mse kt´mj]qÀ®amb Hcp acWw CXn\pap¼v Rm³ Hcn¡epw IWvSn«nÃ.'' At±ls¯ ip{iqjn¨psImWvSv kao]¯pWvSmbncp¶ {_. Pbnwkv tcJs¸Sp¯n.
""Rm³ temI¯nse Gäw kt´mjhm\mb anj\dnbmWv,'' 1887þ Hcp ktlmZcs\gpXnb I¯n Umanb³ ]dªncp¶p.
At±lw t\cs¯ \nÀt±in¨ncp¶Xpt]mse, Xsâ BZys¯ hmkØeambncp¶ hr£¨ph«n ]ÅnbpsS aZv_lmbpsS kao]w X¿mdm¡nbncp¶ IpgnbnemWv B arXtZlw BZyw kwkvIcn¨Xv.
Umanbsâ acWw temIa\:km£nsb X«nbpWÀ¯m³ ]cym]vXambncp¶p. 1889þ  Xs¶ eWvS\n Association to fight against Leprosy Fs¶mcp kwLw cq]wsImWvSp. XpSÀ¶v IpjvTtcmK\nhmcWmÀ°w \nch[n {]Øm\§Ä temIsa¼mSpw \nehnÂh¶p.
1936þ  Umanbsâ ]qPyicocw amXrcmPyamb _ÂPnb¯nte¡v kmtLmjw kwhln¡s¸«p. cmPmhpw a{´namcpw k`m²y£·mcpw k\ymkk`mt{ijvT·mcpw Bbnc¡W¡n\v hnizmknIfpw tNÀ¶mWv At±l¯nsâ `uXnImhinjvS¯n\v kzoIcWw \ÂInbXv. I¯o{U tZhmeb¯nse {]mÀ°\IÄ¡p tijw ephbn\n ]nIv]kv k\ymkm{ia¯nsâ Nm¸en B t]SIw kwkvIcn¡s¸«p.
1938þ am{XamWv ^m. Umanbsâ \maIcW\S]SnIÄ Bcw`n¨Xv. 1977þ At±lw ssZhnI]pWy§Ä, km·mÀ¤nI]pWy§Ä, kphntijmßIamb kpIrX§Ä apXembh hotcmNnXamb hn[¯n A\pjvTn¨mWv Pohn¨ncp¶sX¶v Xncpk` HutZymKnIambn AwKoIcn¨p. AtXmsS Umanb³ "[\y'\mbn. At±l¯nsâ am²yØywaqew AÛpXIcambn Hcp tcmKim´n kw`hns¨¶v AwKoIcn¡s¸«Xv 1992 emWv. `mKykvacWmÀl\mb tPm¬t]mÄ cWvSma³amÀ]m¸m 1995 Pq¬ 15þ\v epshbn\nÂh¨v [\y³ Umanbs\ hmgv¯s¸«hcpsSKW¯nte¡pbÀ¯n. At±l¯nsâ am²yØyw hgn asämcÛpXw IqSnkw`hn¨Xmbn 2008 þ k` ØncoIcn¨p.
2009þ HIvtSm_À 11þ\v B henb t{]jnXs\ _\UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma³ amÀ]m¸m hnip²cpsS KW¯n tNÀ¡pIbmWv.
samtfmt¡mbnse ZpÀ`Kcpw]cnXyàcpamb IpjvTtcmKnIsf ktlmZc\nÀÆntijw kvt\ln¡pIbpw AhÀ¡pthWvSn PohnXw AÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX B a\pjykvt\ln acn¨n«v 120 hÀjw XnIbp¶p, 2009 G{]n 15þ\v. B ]pWy]pcpjsâ XymK\nÀ`camb PohnXw GhÀ¡pw amXrIbmbncn¡s«.