]mebqcv tXm½mÇolmbnÂ\n¶p t\cn«p hnizmkw kzoIcn¨hÀ ]n¡me¯v ]e {]tZi§fnte¡pw IpSntbdn¸mÀ¡pIbpWvSmbn. Ahcn IÅn, ImfnImhv, i¦c]pcn, ]Itemaäw F¶o IpSpw_§Ä cWvSmw \qämWvSnsâ BZy]mZ¯n Ipdhne§mSv ImfnImhn h¶p Xmakn¨p. F.Un.345þ Ipdhne§m«v C¶p ImWp¶ Øe¯v ]Ån Øm]n¡p¶Xphsc ImfnImhn (Ct¸mgs¯ ]Ån¡hebnÂ\n¶v Ht¶Im IntemaoäÀ sX¡pamdn) Cu \mep IpSpw_¡mcpw ASp¯Sp¯v Xmakn¨XmbmWv ]mc¼cyw.
Ipdhne§mSv ]cnip²amXmhv \nÀt±in¨X\pkcn¨v ]Ån Øm]n¡s¸«t¸mÄ \mep IpSpw_§fnsebpw GXm\pw t]À ]Ån¡p kao]t¯¡p amdn¯makn¨p. \mep IpSpw_§fn ]Itemaäw IpSpw_¯n\v t{ijvTmNmcy]Zhn e`n¨Xmbn«mWv ]mc¼cyw. ImfnImhnse ]Itemaäw XdhmSv AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS XdhmSmbncp¶p. k`mt\Xm¡·mcmbncp¶ AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mÀ Cu IpSpw_¯nse sshZnIt{ijvT·mcmbncp¶p. AhÀ¡p tXm½mÇolmbpambpÅ {]tXyI_Ôambncn¡mw AÀ¡Znbmt¡m³ Øm\w Cu IpSpw_¯n\p e`n¡m³ ImcWw. Ipcninsâ KohÀKokv, {InkvXphnsâ KohÀKokv, a¯mbn AÀ¡Znbmt¡m³, Ipªpa¯mbn, tXmakv AÀ¡Znbmt¡m³ Chcmbncp¶p AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcn {]apJÀ.
AÀ¡Znbmt¡m³ Øm\w
AÀ¡Znbmt¡m³ Øm\w \{kmWnIÄ t{ijvTmNmcy]Zhnbmbn IW¡m¡nbncp¶p. PmXn¡p IÀ¯hy³, apJy kNnh³, hnizmknIfpsS cmPIpamc³ Fs¶ms¡bmWv Cu hm¡nsâ AÀ°w. C´y apgph\nsebpw amÀt¯m½m \{kmWnIfpsS ta ChÀ¡v A[nImcapWvSmbncp¶p. sa{Xmt¸meo¯mbpsS hewssI Bbn {]hÀ¯n¨p. k`bpsS `uXnIhpw Bßobhpamb Imcy§fpsS ta AhÀ¡v A[nImcapWvSmbncp¶p. sa{Xmt¸meo¯m Øm\samgnbpt¼mÄ k`sb \bn¡p¶Xpw sshZnImÀ°nIsf sXcsªSp¡p¶Xpw At±lambncp¶p. ]ÅnIfn sshZnIsc \nban¡pI, sa{Xm\pw ]m{XnbmÀ¡okpamÀ¡pw thWvS Zimwiw ]ncn¡pI, ]pXnb sa{Xm·msc kzoIcn¡pI F¶nhbpw AhcpsS A[nImc]cn[nbnepÅhbmbncp¶p. sIm¨ncmPmhv ]pXpXmbn sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶ AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·msc Øm\Nnlv\§Ä AWnbn¡pambncp¶p. AÀ¡Znbmt¡msâ hnizkvXcmb ]SbmfnIÄ cmPmhn\v AI¼Sn tkhn¨ncp¶p. ]Itemaäw aqe¯dhmSv Ipcninsâ KohÀKokv AÀ¡Znbmt¡msâ Imetijw BįmakanÃmsXbmbn. Cu Øew ]n¶oSv Ipdhne§mSv Be¸m«ptIm«bn IpSpw_¯nsâbpw ]mtd¡pt¶Â sXm½³ Hutk¸nsâbpw ssIhi¯nembncp¶p. tUm.]n.sP.tXmakv, X\n¡v ]nXmhnÂ\n¶p In«nb Øe¯n Ccp]¯nsb«c skâv Øew Ipdhne§mSp ]Ån¡p Zm\ambn FgpXns¡mSp¯p.
1953þ Be¸m«p tIm«bn IpSpw_¯nse hÀ¡n hÀ¡n (tIm«bnemim³) ]Xn\mec skâv Øew Ipdhne§m«v ]Ån¡p Zm\ambn FgpXns¡mSp¯p. 1963þ ]Itemaäw IpSpw_¡mcpsS klmbt¯msS Ipdhne§mSv ]Ån hnImcnbmbncp¶ Be¸m«v ]utemk¨\pw hÀ¡n Be¸m«ptIm«bnepw t\XrXzw \ÂIn Hcp It¸fbpw I¡pcnipw Øm]n¨p. Cu It¸f ]Wnbp¶ Ime¯v ]gb \mepsI«nsâ Xd ChnsS ImWm\pWvSmbncp¶p. hoSnt\mSSp¯pWvSmbncp¶ InWÀ C¶pw kwc£n¡s¸«phcp¶p. sXm«Sp¯pXs¶ AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS 5 I_dnS§Ä ImWmw. ChsbÃmw GItZiw BdSn \ofhpw Ht¶Im ASn hoXnbpapÅ sh«pIÃpsImWvSp aqSn h¨ncn¡p¶p. Cu IÃdIfpsS Hmtcm Aä¯pw IpcniSbmfw sIm¯nh¨n«pWvSv. Cu I_dnS§Ä¡p ap¼n Hm«phnf¡pIfnepw IÂhnf¡pIfnepw F®¯ncnIÄ I¯n¨p {]mÀ°n¡p¶ ]Xnhn\v \qämWvSpIfpsS ]g¡apÅXmWv. tcmKim´nIfpw AZv`pX§fpw AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS a²yØXbn \S¡p¶Xmbn A\p`hØÀ Gäp ]dbp¶p.
]Itemaä¯v AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS I_dnS§Ä XeapdIfmbn kwc£n¡s¸«phcp¶p. C´ybn asämcnS¯pw, A¦amenbn HgnsI AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS ihIpSoc§Ä ImWp¶nÃ. IÃdaqSnIfn AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS t]cpItfm P\\acWXobXnItfm tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«nÃ. \qämWvSpIfmbn FÃm ss{IkvXh hn`mK§fpw \m\mPmXn aXØcmb BfpIfpw Cu I_dnS§Ä ]Pyambn IcpXp¶p. {]mÀ°\Ifpw t\À¨ImgvNIfpw AÀ¸n¡p¶p.
Ahn`à \{kmWnk`bpsS
s]mXp ss]XrIw
Ncn{X]cambn Ahn`à \{kmWnk`bpsS s]mXpss]XrIw F¶ \nebn kss`Iy ImgvN¸mtSmsS, AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS ]Itemaäs¯ IÃdIÄ kwc£n¡s¸tSWvSXpWvSv. Cu Nn´ C¶v FÃmhcnepw hÀ²am\ambns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p F¶Xv kzmKXmÀlamWv. 1969þ tPmk^v Ipdp¸pw]d¼en A¨sâ t\XrXz¯n ]Itemaä¯v [mcmfw hnIk\{]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¯n. ]Itemaäw \nhmknIfpsS klIcWt¯msS I_dnS§Ä kwc£n¡m³ At±lw {ian¨p. ^m. Cu\mkv Häs¯§p¦Â Ipdhne§mSv hnImcnbmbncp¶t¸mÄ AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS {im²w \S¯phm³ XpS§n. ^m.tPmÀPv apf§m«n hnImcnbmbncp¶t¸mÄ at\mlcamb AÀ¡Znbmt¡m³ tKäp \nÀ½n¨p ]Itemaäs¯ {i²mtI{µam¡n.
2006þ hnImcnbmbncp¶ dh.tUm.tXmakv aqebn ]Itemaäw aqe¯dhmSv Ccp¶ Øew hr¯nbm¡n NpäpaXn \nÀ½n¡pIbpw AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS IÃdIÄ tamSn]nSn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]n¶oSv ]mem sa{Xm³ amÀ tPmk^v IÃd§m«nsâ \nÀt±i{]Imcw 2007þ aÀ¯vadnbw s^mtdm\m¸ÅnbpsS t\XrXz¯n AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS I_dnS¯n\papIfn Hcp IÂaWvU]w \nÀ½n¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p. 18 e£w cq]m sNehgn¨v aq¶phÀjw sImWvSp IÂaWvU]¯nsâ ]WnIÄ ]qÀ¯nbm¡n. CtXmsSm¸w PoÀ®mhØbnembncp¶ ]Itemaäw Ipcnip]Ån ]ga \ne\nÀ¯ns¡mWvSp ]pXp¡n¸WnXp.
]pXp¡n¸WnX Ipcnip]ÅnbpsSbpw IÂaWvU]¯nsâbpw IqZmimIÀ½w 2010 P\phcn 17þ\v amÀ tPmk^v IÃd§m«pw kXv\m _nj]v amÀ amXyp hmWnb¡ngt¡epw tNÀ¶p \nÀhln¨p.
AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS I_dnS¯nse Icn¦Â aWvU]w almkam[naWvU]w F¶t]cnepw \hoIcn¨ ]Itemaäw Ipcnip]Ån XdhmSp]Ån F¶ t]cnepambncn¡pw C\n apX Adnbs¸SpI. ]Itemaäw almIpSpw_tbmKhpw ]Itemaäw tI{µ IpSpw_tbmKhpw ]p\cp²mcW {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡p km¼¯nI klmbw sNbvXn«pWvSv.
AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS
almkam[n aWvU]w
24 Icn¦ÂXqWpIfn 44 ASn \ofhpw 34 ASn hoXnbpapÅ Cu IÂaWvU]w IrjvWinebn inev]Iem NmcpXtbmsS \nÀ½n¨ncn¡p¶p. hnhn[k`Ifn D]tbmKn¨phcp¶ 46 C\w ÉohmIÄ XqWpIfn sIm¯nh¨ncn¡p¶Xp Ncn{X]TnXm¡Ä¡p {]tbmP\IcamWv. Cu kam[naWvU]w FÃm hÀjhpw kss`Iy {]mÀ°\mZn\§fmb P\phcn 18 apX 25 hsc `àP\§Ä¡p Xpd¶psImSp¡p¶Xpw hnhn[ ss{IkvXk`mhn`mK§fpsS {]mÀ°\IÄ¡p thZnbmIp¶XpamWv.
XdhmSp ]Ån
AÀ¡Znbmt¡m·mcpsS I_dnS¯n\p kao]apÅ Ipcnip]Ån ]gb XdhmSnsâ amXrIbn \hoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. tIcfob hmkvXpinev]ssienbn XSnsImWvSpÅ \ncbpw ta¡qSpw apJ¸pIfpw henb hcm´bpw ]ucmWnI t£{X IemcoXnbnepÅ Ccn¸nS§fpw apJaWvU]hpw tkm]m\§tfmSp IqSnb {]thi\ IhmS§fpw Cu XdhmSp ]ÅnbpsS {]tXyIXIfmWv. XdhmSp ]Ånbn 250 Hmfw t]À¡p {]mÀ°\m ip{iqj \S¯m³ km[n¡pw. FÃm cWvSmw RmbdmgvNIfnepw hnip² IpÀ_m\bpw FÃm shÅnbmgvNIfnepw dwim {]mÀ°\bpw amkmhkm\ i\nbmgvNIfn GIZn\ {]mÀ°\bpw ChnsS \S¯nhcp¶p. tIm«b¯p\n¶pw 20 Intemaoädpw aqhmäp]pgbnÂ\n¶pw 35 Intemaoädpw AIse Fw.kn.tdmUnt\mSp tNÀ¶v Cu XoÀ°mS\tI{µw Bbnc§sf BIÀjn¨p hcp¶p.