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FÃmhÀjhpw
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sFIycmjv{SkwLS\bpsS Blzm\a\pkcn¨mWnXv.
P\kwJym{]iv\s¯¸än ]Tn¡pIbpw
NÀ¨sN¿pIbpamWv Cu BNcW¯nsâ
e£yw. 1987 Pqsse 11þ\v temIP\kwJy 500 tImSn
Ihnªp. Cu kmlNcy¯nemWv temIP\kwJymZn\amNcn¡p¶Xv.
temIP\kwJy C¶v 677 tImSnbne[nIambn. temI¯v
HcphÀjw 13.4 tImSn inip¡Ä P\n¡p¶p.
1990 þs\ At]£n¨v aq¶ptImSn IpdhmWnXv.
icmicn acW\nc¡v 6 tImSnbmWv. acWs¯¡mÄ
P\\w IqSpXembXpsImWvSv 2040 BIpt¼mÄ
P\kwJy 900 tImSn Ihnbpw. P\kwJymhfÀ¨m \nc¡nÂ
IpdhpWvSmbn«psWvS¦nepw acW\nc¡nepw
IpdhpWvSmbXpaqew P\kwJy IqSpIbmWv.
P\kwJybpsS 60 iXam\w GjybnemWv. C´ybnepw ssN\bnepw
IqSn 37 iXam\w P\§fpWvSv. B{^n¡bnÂ
12 iXam\hpw bqtdm¸n 13 iXam\hpw hcpsa¶mWp
IW¡v. temIP\kwJybpsS 0.3 iXam\w am{XamWv Bkvt{Senb³
`qJÞ¯nepÅXv.
`mcX¯n 1901þ P\kwJy 23.8 tImSnbmbncp¶p.
1951  CXv 36.1 tImSnbmbn DbÀ¶p. 2001þse
IW¡\pkcn¨v `mcX¯nse P\kwJy 102 tImSnbmbn
DbÀ¶p. Ct¸mÄ P\kwJy 116 tImSn Ihnªncn¡pIbmWv.
hnIknXcmPy§fn P\kwJymhfÀ¨ KWyambn
Ipdªn«pWvSv. ]e hnIknXcmPy§fnepw
P\kwJymhÀ²\ \nÝeambn. P\\\nc¡pw
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P\\\nc¡v Ipdbp¶ e£WamWp ImWp¶Xv.
acW\nc¡nsâ Imcy¯nepw IpdhpWvSv.
F¶m P\\\nc¡ns\¡mÄ hfsc IpdhmWv
acW\nc¡v. Cu ØnXnbn P\kwJy hÀ²n¨psImWvSncn¡pw.
P\s¸cp¸w temI¯n\p henb `ojWnbmbn«mWv
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km¼¯nIhnZKv[cpw \qämWvSpIfmbn Cu
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F¶m Cu `ojWnsb t\cnSm³ Hcp ]cn[nhsc temI¯n\p
Ignªn«pWvSv. Ignª \qämWvSnsâ
Bcw`¯n DWvSmbncp¶ PohnX\nehmcs¯¡mÄ
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F¶m P\kwJy Ipdªncps¶¦nÂ
Cu A`nhr²nbpw t\«§fpw Ipdª P\kwJybv¡v
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Cu hmZ¯nse ]nghpIÄ Xncn¨dntbWvSXpWvSv.
DÂ]mZ\{]{Inbbnse Gähpw {][m\s¸«
hn`hamWv am\htijn. P\kwJy Imcyambn Ipdbpt¼mÄ
am\htijn hn`h¯n\v F´p kw`hn¡p¶p?
Ip«nIfpsS F®w IpdbpIbpw hr²cpsS F®w
hÀ²n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. CXnsâ ^eambn
tPmen sN¿m³ IgnhpÅ hn`mK¯nsâ
F®w Imcyambn Ipdbpw. P\kwJy hfsc Ipdbv¡m³
Ignª hnIknXcmPy§fpsS Ct¸mgs¯ {]iv\w
am\htijnbpsS IpdhmWv. hnIkzc AhnIknXcmPy§sfbmWv
tPmen¡mÀ¡pthWvSn ChÀ B{ibn¡p¶Xv.
hnIknXcmPy§fnte¡v FÃm taJeIfnepapÅ
tPmen¡msc \ÂIp¶ {][m\ cmPy§fnsem¶mWv
`mcXw. C¶s¯ km¼¯nIamµyw `mcXs¯
Imcyambn _m[n¡m¯Xnsâ Hcp ImcWw \½psS
am\htijnbmWv. am\htijn KpW]cambn klmbn¡p¶
LSIamsW¶Xn\p kwibanÃ. AXpsImWvSv P\kwJysb
AanXambn `bs¸tSWvS ImcyanÃ. am{XaÃ
P\kwJybpsS Ipdhv aäp ]e {]iv\§Ä¡pw
ImcWamIpw.
2001þse IW¡\pkcn¨v `mcX¯nÂ
6 hbÊn XmsgbpÅhÀ 15.9 iXam\w
hcpw. 6 þ 14 hbÊp hscbpÅhÀ 19.14
iXam\hpw 15þ59 hbÊp hscbpÅhÀ
56.9 iXam\hpw hcpw. 60 hbÊn\p apIfnepÅhÀ
7.5 iXam\amWv. Cu IW¡\pkcn¨v tPmen sN¿m³
IgnhpÅhÀ AXmbXv 15þ59 hbÊpÅhÀ
56.9 BWv. Cu ØnXn¡v Imcyamb amäw kw`hn¨mÂ
AXv DÂ]mZ\s¯ tZmjIcambn _m[n¡pw. Ip«nIfpsS
F®w IpdbpIbpw acW\nc¡v IpdbpIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ
hr²cpsS F®w hÀ²n¡pw; bphP\§fpsS
F®w Ipdbpw. am\htijn Ipdªv hr²sc kwc£n¡m³
D¯chmZnXzw hÀ[n¡pw. `mhnbn cmjv{S§Ä
t\cnSm³ t]mIp¶ KpcpXcamb {]iv\amWnXv.
tIcf¯nse P\kwJybn Cu Xc¯nepÅ
amäw kw`hn¨pIgnªp. tUm. km_p Aenbmdnsâ
]T\dnt¸mÀ«v C{]Imcw kaÀ°n¡p¶p:
""tIcf¯nse Hcp IpSpw_¯n C¶p
P\n¡p¶ icmicn Ip«nIfpsS F®w 1.6 BWv.
cWvSp Ip«nIÄ XnI¨nsöp kmcw;
GXmWvSv ]mÝmXysct¸mse Xs¶. aebmfn
kv{XoIfpsS hnhml{]mbw hÀ²n¨Xpw AhcpsS
hnZym`ymk kmaqlnImhØbn ssIhcn¨
t\«hpamWv CXn\p {][m\ImcWw. 1981 se sk³kkv
apX Xs¶ tIcf¯nse Ip«nIfpsS F®¯nÂ
kmcamb Ipdhp hcnIbmWv. Hcp Ipªp am{XapÅ IpSpw_§Ä
C¶p tIcf¯n [mcmfapWvSv. BZy{]khtijw
Øncambn {]khw \ndp¯p¶hcpsS F®w
Gdn hcnIbmWv. aäp P\kwJybn \n¶pw hyXykvXambn
aebmfn kaql¯nse FÃm hn`mKw P\§fpsSbpw
icmicn F®w Ipdªphcp¶p... \½psS kwØm\s¯
P\kwJymLS\bn CXp {]XymLmX§Ä¡p
ImcWamIpw. aebmfnIfn 14 iXam\t¯mfw hr²cmbn¡gnªp.
GXmWvSv 2026 BtWvSmsS \½psS P\kwJybnÂ
Ip«nIsf¡mÄ hr²À ImWs¸Spw.
hoSn\pÅn hr²À Häs¸«p
Pohn¡p¶ HchØbnte¡v tIcfw t]mhpIbmWv.
Ht¶m ctWvSm Ip«nIÄ am{XapÅ IpSpw_§fnse
Ip«nIÄ hnhmlnXcmbn `À¯rKrl¯ntet¡m
sXmgnen\mbn A\yØet¯t¡m IpSntbdpt¼mÄ,
hoSn\pÅn c£nXm¡fmb hr²À
Häs¸Sp¶p. tIcf¯n hr²kZ\§fpsS
F®w hÀ²n¨phcp¶Xnsâ ImcW§fpw
CsXms¡¯s¶bmWv.'' `mhnbn hr²sc
kwc£n¡m³thWvSn cmjv{Sw henb km¼¯nI`mcw
GsäSpt¡WvSn hcpw.
P\kwJy ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ a\pjymhImi§Ä
AhKWn¡m³ ]mSnÃ; am\pjnIaqey§Ä
]cnc£n¡s¸SWw. a\pjyPohsâ
hne AwKoIcn¡pIbpw thWw. Ignª Znhk§fnÂ
amXr`qan ]{X¯n h¶ Hcp ]T\dnt¸mÀ«v
\s½ sR«n¸n¡p¶XmWv. H¸w
Kuch]qÀÆw Nn´nt¡WvS Imcy§fpw
AXn DÄs¡mÅp¶p. dnt¸mÀ«nse
GXm\pw {]kà`mK§Ä D²cn¡s«:
""cWvSmbnc¯nA©n 11, 2006þÂ
16, 2007Â 29, 2008 Â 30, 2009 sabv hsc 15. ]nd¶v
tNmcaWw amdpwapt¼ hgnh¡nepw Ipän¡m«nepw
hens¨dnbs¸« Ipªp§fpsS IW¡p
\Sp¡apWÀ¯p¶ iniptcmZ\§fpsS
Cu IW¡v t]meoknsâ tIkv cPnÌdnÂ
\n¶mWv. AdnbmsX HSp§nb \nehnfnIÄ thsd
F{Xtbm ImWpw.
2005þÂ 29, 2006þÂ 41, 2007þÂ
30, 2008þÂ 44, 2009 Â CXphsc 27 F¶n§s\bmWv
kwØm\inipt£a kanXn¡p e`n¨ Ipªp§Ä.
F®w s]cpIp¶ ]Ým¯e¯n kpc£nXambn
Ipªp§sf Dt]£n¡m³ tIcf¯ne§tfmant§mfw
"A½s¯m«nÂ' Øm]n¡ms\mcp§pIbmWv
kanXn. Hcp IW¡nepw s]SmsX Dt]£n¡s¸«h
CXntesd hcmw. AwKoIrXhpw AwKoImchpanÃm¯Xpamb
Zs¯Sp¡Â tI{µ§fn Dt]£n¡s¸«h
thsdbpw hcpw.
inYneamb IpSpw_§fn \n¶p hcp¶hÀ,
A¨S¡anÃmsX hfcp¶ Ip«nIÄ,
AÚXaqew sIWnbn s]«pt]mIp¶hÀ,
ho«n\pÅn NqjW¯n\ncbmhp¶hÀ
F¶n§s\ A©pXc¡mcmWv Ipªp§fpsS
A½amÀ.
]e LSI§Äs¡m¸w aqeyt_m[¯nÂ
h¶ amähpw Cu {]hWXbv¡v B¡wIq«p¶p.
hnhml]qÀÆ ssewKnIXbn sXäp ImWm¯
hensbmcp hn`mKw hfÀ¶phcp¶pWvSv, tIcf¯nÂ.
ChÀ Ipªp§sf Dt]£n¡p¶Xns\¡mÄ
apfbnte \pÅm\pÅ {]hWXbmWv Im«p¶Xv.
\½psS acp¶pISIfn hnägn¡s¸Sp¶
KÀ`Ñn{ZKpfnIIfpsSbpw ASnb´ncKÀ`\ntcm[\KpfnIIfpsSbpw
hÀ²n¨ F®hpw AhnhmlnXcnse KÀ`Ñn{Zhpsams¡
Cu hkvXpXIfnte¡mWp hnc NqWvSp¶Xv.
AwKoIrXAt_mÀj³ ¢n\n¡pIfnÂ
2003 þ 2004 Â 29204 KÀ`Ñn{Zw \S¶Xmbn
kÀ¡mÀ IW¡pIÄ ]dbp¶p.
2008þ2009 s^{_phcn hsc Ime¯v 11350 am{XamWp
P\§fn Aht_m[w hfÀ¶XmWnXn\p
ImcWsa¶p IcpXnsb¦n sXän. 18 hbÊnÂ
XmsgbpÅhcpsS KÀ`Ñn{Zw IqSnbXmbn
IW¡pIÄ ]dbp¶p.
A\utZymKnIAt\zjW¯neqsS t_m[ys¸«Xv
Hcp amkw tIcf¯n Adp]Xn\mbnct¯mfw
KÀ`Ñn{ZKpfnIIÄ hnägnbps¶WvS¶mWv.
AXmbXv hÀjw Cu coXnbn 7.2 e£w KÀ`Ñn{Zw
\S¡p¶psWvS¶À°w. kzImcy Bip]{XnIfnembn
am{Xw ]Xns\m¶mbnct¯mfw KÀ`Ñn{Zhpw
\S¡p¶pWvSv. hÀjw H¶ce£¯n\Sp¯v.
sam¯w F«ce£¯ne[nIw KÀ`Ñn{Z§Ä
tIcf¯n Hcp hÀjw \S¡p¶psWvS¶p
kmcw. C.kn. KpfnIIfpsS cq]¯n Ime\msb¯n,
]nd¡pw apt¼ ]ngpsXdnbs¸Sp¶ Poh\pIÄ
thsdbpWvSv.''
sR«n¡p¶ bmYmÀ°y§fmWv Cu
IW¡pIÄ \ap¡p \ÂIp¶Xv. Cuizchnizmkhpw
[mÀ½nIt_m[hpapsWvS¶v AhImis¸Sp¶
P\Xbn kw`hn¡p¶ Imcy§fmWnh.
Ch Ipdbp¶ {]hWXbà \mw ImWp¶Xv. FÃm
kpJkuIcy§fneqsSbpw hfcp¶ Xeapdbv¡v
ssewKnImkzZ\¯n\pw A[nIw Bbmks¸tSWvS F¶XmWhØ.
samss_Â t^mWpIfpsS AanXD]tbmKw CsXfp¸am¡p¶p.
samss_ kwkmc¯neqsS ssewKnIX \pIÀ¶p
XpS§pIbpw samss_ ¢n¸pIfneqsS {]mtbmKnI]mT§Ä
a\Ênem¡pIbpw ]n¶oSv samss_eneqsS¯s¶
CXn\hkcsamcp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv C¶s¯
Iuamcw.''
P\kwJym{]iv\w P\s¸cp¸w am{Xw t\m¡n ]cnlmcw
ImtWWvSXÃ. ]e LSI§fpw CXnÂs¸Spw.
kmaqlnIhpw km¼¯nIhpw [mÀ½nIhpamb
hi§sfÃmw ]cnKWn¨pthWw CXn\p ]cnlmcw ImWm³.
cWvSmwh¯n¡m³ Iu¬kn \ÂIp¶
amÀ¤\nÀt±iw FÃmhcpsSbpw
{i² Bhiys¸Sp¶XmWv. ""temIP\kwJymhÀ²\sb,
Ipdª]£w Nne cmPy§fnse¦nepapÅ
P\s¸cp¸s¯ bpàamb GXp amÀ¤w
Ahew_n¨pw cmjv{Sm[nImcnIfpsS GXphn[ CSs]SÂ aqehpw
XSbWsa¶p ]dbp¶hÀ [mcmfapWvSv. AXn\mÂ
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Pm{KXbmbncn¡Wsa¶v Cu kq\ltZmkv Hmtcmcp¯scbpw
DZvt_m[n¸n¡p¶p. hnhmlw sN¿m\pw a¡sf
P\n¸n¡m\papÅ a\pjysâ AhImiw A[o\s¸Sp¯mhp¶XÃ.
AXn\m F{X a¡Ä thWsa¶pÅ Imcyw
amXm]nXm¡fpsS icnbmb Un{Knsb B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv.
AXns\ bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw cmjv{Sm[nImcnIfpsS \nÀ®b¯n\p
hn«psImSp¡phm³ \nhr¯nbnÃ. amXm]nXm¡·mcpsS
Cu Xocpam\¯n\v icnbmb cq]hXvIcWw kn²n¨ Hcp a\:km£n
ap³Iq«n BhiyamWv. AXn\m ssZh{]amW§sf
am\n¡p¶Xpw, Imes¯bpw ]cntXmhØIsfbpw
IW¡nseSp¡p¶Xpw XnI¨pw a\ptjymNnXhpamb
Hcp NpaXemt_m[s¯ hfÀ¯nsbSp¡m\pÅ
amÀ¤w FÃmhÀ¡pw Xpd¶psImSp¡pIsb¶Xv
kp{][m\amb Hcp kwKXnbmWv. Db˦ hnZym`ymk\nehmchpw
kmaqlnIhyhØIfpw kÀtÆm]cn aXin£Wtam
Ipdª]£w ka{Kamb km·mÀ¤nI]cnioe\tam
kn²n¨ncnt¡WvSXpw CXn\mhiyamWv. IqSmsX a¡fpsS
F®w {Ias¸Sp¯m³ Z¼XnIÄ¡p
klmbIambn«pÅ amÀ¤§Ä IWvSp]nSn¡p¶XnÂ
DWvSmbn«pÅ imkv{Xob]ptcmKXnsb¡pdn¨pw
hnthI]qÀÆamb Adnhv a\pjyÀ¡p \ÂIWw.
]t£ ChbpsS kpc£nXXzw \¶mbn sXfnªncn¡pIbpw
k·mÀ¤{Iat¯mSv Ahbv¡pÅ
s]mcp¯w kv]jvSambncn¡pIbpw thWw.'' |
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