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kp¯m³_t¯cnbnse
Kh. kÀhP\ shmt¡jWÂ lbÀsk¡³Udn
kvIqfnse ]¯p hbkpImcnbmb IpªphnZymÀ°n
jlve sjdn³ IvfmÊpapdnbn ]m¼p ISntbä
acn¨ hnjbw tIcfw henb sR«temsSbmWp tI«Xv.
hnZymÀYn\nbpsS acWw Ct¸mÄ tIcfamsI kPoh
NÀ¨bmhpIbmWv. C\nbpw HcmÄ¡pw C¯csamcp
Zpc\p`hw DWvSmIcptXsb¶mWv kIecpw {]mÀ°n¡p¶Xv.
C¯cpW¯n ]m¼pIfpambn _Ôs¸«
hnhc§fmWv ChnsS NÀ¨ sN¿p¶Xv.
DcKhÀK¯nÂs¸« ssIImepIfnÃm¯
PohnIfmWv ]m¼pIÄ. ]m¼pIsf t]Snkz]v\am¡p¶
hnjw {][m\ambpw Ahbv¡v Ccsb ]nSn¡m³ thWvSnbpÅXmWv.
cmhncp«pt¼mgpw NmäÂag Ignªv Cubmw]mäIÄ
s]mSnªp XpS§pt¼mgpw ]ga¡mÀ CgP´p¡sf
kq£n¡Wsa¶p ]dbpw.
KXnsI«m am{Xw
hnj{]tbmKw
a\pjy³ DÄs¸sSbpÅ i{Xp¡Äs¡Xntc
KXnsI«meÃmsX ]m¼pIÄ hnjw {]tbmKn¡mdnÃ.hnjw
hnhn[Xcw cmkhkvXp¡fpsS Hcp k¦oÀWan{inXamWv.
cIvXs¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnjw (Haemotoxin),
\mUohyqls¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnjw (Neurotoxin)
F¶nhbmWv {][m\ Xcw hnj§Ä. t]inIsf _m[n¡p¶
hnjw (Myotoxin), lrZbs¯
_m[n¡p¶ hnjw (Cardiotoxin)
XpS§nb C\w hnj§fpapWvSv. an¡ ]m¼pIfnepw
Chbn H¶ntesd Xcw hnj§Ä H¶n¨pImWmdpWvSv.
A]ISclnXamb ]m¼pISn
F¶m C´ybn ImWs¸Sp¶ \qdpIW¡n\v
]m¼pIfn hncense®mhp¶hbv¡p am{Xta
hnjapÅq F¶XmWv kXyw. aqÀJ³ (Spectacled
Cobra), shÅns¡«³ (Common
Indian Krait), AWen (Russell's
Viper), Npcp« aÞen (Sawscaled
Viper) F¶o \mepXcw hnj¸m¼pIfpsS ISnaqeamWv
C´ybn Gähpw IqSpX acW§Ä
\S¡p¶Xv. F¶mÂ, IWvSm Chsbt¸mse
Xs¶ tXm¶n¡p¶ Nne ]m¼pIÄ DWvSv.
Hät\m«¯n Chsb Xncn¨dnbm³ Aev]sa¦nepw
]Tn¡msX km[n¡nà F¶XmWp kXyw. AXpsImWvSp
Xs¶ FÃm ]m¼pISnbpw hnjw XoWvSnbpÅ
acWw F¶Xnt\mSp tNÀ¯p hmbn¡s¸tSWvSXÃ.
t]mfnheâv Bân kvt\¡v
sh\w F¶ acp¶v
hnj]m¼nsâ I®n\p ]ndInembmWv Xp¸Â{KÙn¡p
hyXnbm\w kw`hn¨ hnj{KÔn ØnXn sN¿p¶Xv.
hnjanÃm¯ ]m¼nsâ ISn, hnjanÃm¯
hnjk©nbpÅ hnj¸m¼nsâ ISn, ]m¼v
ISns¨¶ sXän²mcW tXm¶n¡p¶
apdnhv XpS§nb kmlNcy§fmWv ]m¼phnj¯n\p
NnInÕn¡p¶p F¶p ]dbp¶hcpsS s]mXphmb
]nSnhÅn. AhcpsS ASp¯pt]mbn Ifbp¶ aWn¡qdpIÄ
]et¸mgpw tcmKnbpsS Poh³ \ãs¸Sm³
t]mepw ImcWamImw. Cu ]m¼pIfpsS hnjw IpXncbnÂ
Ip¯nh¨v IpXncbpsS icoc¯n Cu hnj¯ns\XnscbpWvSmhp¶
Bânt_mUnIÄ cà¯nÂ\n¶p thÀXncns¨Sp¯p
ip²oIcn¨mWv ASV
(Anti Snake Venom) \nÀ½n¡p¶Xv.
aqÀJ³, iwJphcb³, AWen, Npcp« aÞen
F¶o \mep ]m¼pIfpsS hnj¯ns\Xntc {]hÀ¯n¡psa¶Xn\mÂ
t]mfnheâv Bân kvt\¡v sh\w F¶mWv Cu
acp¶ns\ hnfn¡p¶Xv.
AeÀPn¡p km[yX
AeÀPn DWvSmhm³ km[yX DWvSv F¶XmWv Cu
acp¶nsâ {][m\ \yq\X. AXn\m AeÀPn
DWvSmbm NnInÕn¡m\pÅ kuIcy§Ä
IqSn Bip]{XnIfnepWvSmhWw. AeÀPn DWvSmhm³ km[yX
DsWvS¦nepw BhiyapÅ tcmKnIÄ¡v acp¶p
\ÂIpI Xs¶ thWw. kzoIcnt¡WvS NnInÕm
kuIcy§Ä thWsa¶p am{Xw. tIcf¯nse FÃm
kÀ¡mÀ saUn¡Â tImtfPpIfnepw
{][m\ kÀ¡mÀþkzImcy Bip]{XnIfnepw
Cu acp¶v e`yamWv.
]m¼pISntbäm ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbWsa¶ptWvSm?
C´ybn e`yamb ]m¼n³hnj¯ns\Xncmb
NnInÕ (ASV),
{][m\s¸« \mep ]m¼pIfpsS hnj¯ns\Xncmbn
{]hÀ¯n¡p¶XmWv (Polyvalent).
AXpsImWvSpXs¶ hnj_m[ Gsä¶v Dd¸psWvS¦nÂ,
]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnªmepw Csænepw
NnInÕ IrXyambncn¡pw. ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbp¶Xnep]cn,
ISntbä BfpsS imcocnIe£W§Ä t\m¡nbmWv
tUmÎÀ NnInÕ \nÀWbn¡p¶Xv.
ASV tUmkv \nÝbn¡p¶Xpw C§s\bmWv. am{XaÃ,
]nSn¨psImWvSp hcp¶Xv ISn¨ ]m¼ns\¯s¶
BIWsa¶panÃ.
]m¼pISntbämÂ
DS³ sNt¿WvSXv:
]m¼v ISn¨mÂ, Xncn¨pISn¨m hnjand§pw
Fs¶ms¡ tI«n«pWvSv. CsXmcp Xamibmbn
am{Xta IcpXm\mhq. Xncn¨p ISn¡m³ ]m¼ns\
Xncªp t]mbm cWvSmasXmcp ISnIqSn hm§n¡mw
F¶Xn Ihnªp bmsXmcp {]tbmP\hpw CÃ.
C¯cw kmlk§Ä¡v apXncmXncn¡pI. `bapWvSmIpI
kzm`mhnIw am{XamWv. ]t£, ]cn{`ahpw HmSn c£s¸Sm\pÅ
{iahpw icoc¯nse càNw{IaWw thK¯nem¡pIbpw
lrZbw, hr¡, Xet¨mÀ F¶nhnS§fnÂ
hnjw s]s«¶v F¯pIbpw sN¿pw. Häbv¡msW¦nÂ,
ISntbä `mKw lrZb¯ns\¡mÄ Xmsg Bbncn¡m³
{i²n¡pI. hnjw {][m\ Ahbh§fn F¯p¶Xv
sshIn¡m³ CXp hgn km[n¡pw. Ignbp¶{X thKw
t^mWneqsStbm atäm klmbw A`yÀ°n¡pI.
sI«pt¼mÄ {i²n¡pI
XpWn sImWvSv apdp¡ns¡«p¶Xv s]mXpsh
ImWs¸Sp¶ coXn BsW¦nepw, Cu sI«v AanXambn
apdpIp¶Xp hgn ISntbä `mKt¯¡pÅ càtbm«w
XSbs¸SpIbpw B `mKw D]tbmKiq\yambn amdpIbpw sN¿m\pÅ
km[yXbpWvSv. C\n AYhm sI«p¶psh¦nÂ,
Hcp hnc Ibdm\pÅ Abhv DWvSmbncn¡Ww. ssIImepIfnemWv
ISn GäsX¦n AWnªncn¡p¶ hm¨v,
B`cW§Ä XpS§nbh DucnamäpI. ]n¶oSv
\oÀho¡w h¶m Ch CdpIn _p²nap«pWvSmhm³
km[yXbpWvSv. apdnhn \n¶p cà{]hmlapsWvS¦nÂ
apdnhv hr¯nbpÅ XpWn sImWvSv sI«mw.
samss_en ISn¨ ]m¼nsâ
Nn{XsaSp¡mw
]m¼ns\ ]nSn¡mt\m ]m¼nsâ t^mt«m
]nSn¡mt\m {ian¨p kabw IftbWvSXnÃ. ap³]p
kqNn¸n¨Xpt]mse ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbp¶Xpw
NnInÕbpw X½n henb _ÔanÃ.
tcmKn¡mhiyamb NnInÕ F{Xbpw s]s«¶p
sImSp¡pI F¶Xp Xs¶bmWv Gähpw {][m\w. kpc£nXamb
AIe¯n \n¶v samss_en Nn{XsaSp¡m³
km[n¡psa¦nÂ, ]m¼v hnjapÅXmtWm
AÃtbm F¶dnbm³ NnInÕn¡p¶
tUmÎsd klmbnt¨¡pw. CXn\p km[n¨nsænepw
hntcm[anÃ.
sN¿cpXm¯ Imcy§Ä:
Aimkv{Xobamb NnInÕIÄ¡mbn Ifbp¶ hnetbdnb
aWn¡qdpIÄ tcmKnsb ZpcnX¯nÂ\n¶p
Zpc´¯nte¡p XÅnbnt«¡mw.
hnj¡Ãv sh¡pI, ]¨acp¶p Ign¨p
t\cw IfbpI XpS§nbhsbm¶pwXs¶ hnjw cà¯nÂ
IeÀ¶ AhØbn KpWw sN¿nÃ.
tcmKnsb c£n¡m\pÅ hnes¸« kabw
Cu hgn¡p \ãs¸SpIbpw sN¿pw. aZy]n¡pItbm,
]pI hen¡pItbm Blmcw Ign¡pItbm ]mSnÃ. aZyhpw
]pIbnebnse \nt¡m«n³ F¶ hkvXphpw cà¡pgepIsf
hnIkn¸n¨p hnjw hfsc s]s«¶p cà¯nÂ
Iecm³ ImcWamIpw. Nne `£yhkvXp¡fnse LSI§Ä
(DZmlcW¯n\v Nmbbnepw Im¸nbnepw AS§nbncn¡p¶
I^o³) CtXt]mse {]hÀ¯n¡pw. HmÀ¡pI,
]m¼pISntbä ]ncnapdp¡w Ipdbv¡m³
D]tbmKnt¡WvS hkvXp¡fà Chsbm¶pw.
t\cw IfbmsX NnInÕ t\SpI F¶XmWv Gähpw AXymhiyw.
cà\ãw ^ew
GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ acp¶pItfm CeItfm h¨psI«mt\m
Ign¡mt\m ]mSnÃ. apdnhv F{Xbpw s]s«¶v
sshZy{i²bn s]Sm\pÅ hgn t\m¡pIbmWp
thWvSXv. hnjw XoWvSnb apdnhn AWp_m[bv¡pÅ
km[yX IqSnbpWvSm¡p¶ ØnXn DWvSmIcpXv.
am{XaÃ, ISntbä `mK¯v apdnhpWvSm¡n
càw Hgp¡n¡fbm³ {ian¡cpXv. càs¯
_m[n¡p¶ hnjapÅ ]m¼pISn F¡p¶Xv
càw I« ]nSn¡m\pÅ tijn \ãs¸Sp¯pw.
`oaamb cà\ãambncn¡pw ^ew. apdnhnÂ
\n¶p càw hmbsImWvSp hens¨Sp¯v Xp¸n¡fbm³
{ian¡cpXv. hnjw hens¨Sp¡p¶ hyàn¡v
hnj_m[ G¡mw. apdnhn sFkv D]tbmKn¡m³
]mSnà / Xo sImWvSv s]mÅteev]n¡m³
]mSnÃ. Chsbm¶pw Xs¶ hnj_m[sb XSbnÃ.
tZmj^ew am{Xta DWvSm¡pIbpÅq
NnInÕ
]m¼pISnbpsS NnInÕ {][m\ambpw ASV Xs¶bmWv.
hnjmwiw icoc¯n DtWvSm F¶pd¸v hcp¯m\pw
ASV D]tbmKnt¡WvSXptWvSm
F¶dnbp¶Xn\pambn NnInÕ¡v apt¶mSnbmbn
Nne ]cntim[\IÄ \S¯pw. icoc¯nÂ\n¶p
]pds¯Sp¯ 10 anÃnenäÀ càw
Hcp ¥mkv sSÌv Syq_n h¨v AXv I«
]nSn¡p¶Xp \nco£n¡p¶Xv hfsc {][m\s¸«
Hcp ]cntim[\bmWv. càw I« ]nSn¡m\pÅ
tijn \ãs¸Sp¶Xv A]ISIcamWv. IqSmsX aq{X¯nÂ
cà¯nsâ Awiw, hr¡bpsS {]hÀ¯\w
\nco£n¡p¶
RFT XpS§n tcmKnbpsS e£W§Ä A\pkcn¨v
hyXykvX ]cntim[\IÄ sN¿pw. I¬t]mf `mcw Xq§n
ASªp t]mIpI XpS§nbh ISn¨ ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbm³
t]mepw DXIp¶ e£WamWv. AWenhnj_m[bv¡v Nnet¸mÄ
Ubmenknkv thWvSn ht¶¡mw. IrXykab¯v NnInÕ
t\SpI F¶Xp Xs¶bmWv Gähpw {][m\w.
hnjw cà¯n IeÀ¶m tcmKn
acn¡p¶Xv
cmPsh¼me, aqÀJ³, iwJphcb³ F¶nhbpsS
hnjw a\pjy\mUoaÞes¯ (Neurotoxic)
_m[n¡p¶p. AWenbpsS hnjw càaÞes¯bmWv
(Haemotoxic) _m[n¡p¶Xv. \mUoaÞes¯
_m[n¡p¶ hnj_m[tbäm ImgvN a§Â,
izmkXSÊw, BamibthZ\ F¶nh DWvSmIp¶p. càaÞes¯
_m[n¡p¶ hnj_m[ aqew ISntbä `mK¯v \ocpw
XeId¡hpw DWvSmIp¶p. IqSmsX tcmaIq]§fneqsS
càw s]mSnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
]¨ne acp¶v sImSp¯pÅ
NnInk
tIcf¯n BsI 101 Xcw ]m¼pIÄ BWpÅXv.
AXn¯s¶ a\pjyPoh\v A]ISIcamb coXnbnÂ
hnjapÅ 10 ]m¼pIÄ am{Xw. AXn As©®w
ISÂ]m¼pIÄ BWv. AXmbXv, Icbn ImWp¶
95 Xcw ]m¼pIfn 5 Xc¯n\p am{Xta a\pjysâ
Poh³ A]lcn¡m³ IgnhpÅq F¶À°w.
a\pjyPoh\v A]ISIcamb hnj¸m¼pIfpsS FÃm
ISnIfpw acWImcWw BhpIbpanÃ. Cc ]nSn¨Xn\ptijapÅ
ISnIfnepw ]ÃpIÄ Bg¯n Cd§m¯
ISnIfnepw a\pjyicoc¯nte¡v acWImcWamImhp¶ AfhnÂ
hnjw {]thin¡Ww F¶nÃ. Cu cWvSp km[yXIfpamWv
]et¸mgpw hymP NnInÕIÀ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv.
km[mcW a\pjy³ AXv hnizkn¨pt]mIpw. IÃv icoc¯nÂ
h¨mtem, ]¨neIÄ ]ngnsªmgn¨mtem Cu ]m¼pIfpsS
hnj¯n\p acp¶mhnà F¶p Npcp¡w. |
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