kp¯m³_t¯cnbnse Kh. kÀhP\ shmt¡jW lbÀsk¡³Udn kvIqfnse ]¯p hbkpImcnbmb IpªphnZymÀ°n jlve sjdn³ IvfmÊpapdnbn ]m¼p ISntbä acn¨ hnjbw tIcfw henb sR«temsSbmWp tI«Xv.
hnZymÀYn\nbpsS acWw Ct¸mÄ tIcfamsI kPoh NÀ¨bmhpIbmWv. C\nbpw HcmÄ¡pw C¯csamcp Zpc\p`hw DWvSmIcptXsb¶mWv kIecpw {]mÀ°n¡p¶Xv. C¯cpW¯n ]m¼pIfpambn _Ôs¸« hnhc§fmWv ChnsS NÀ¨ sN¿p¶Xv.
DcKhÀK¯nÂs¸« ssIImepIfnÃm¯ PohnIfmWv ]m¼pIÄ. ]m¼pIsf t]Snkz]v\am¡p¶ hnjw {][m\ambpw Ahbv¡v Ccsb ]nSn¡m³ thWvSnbpÅXmWv. cmhncp«pt¼mgpw NmäÂag Ignªv Cubmw]mäIÄ s]mSnªp XpS§pt¼mgpw ]ga¡mÀ CgP´p¡sf kq£n¡Wsa¶p ]dbpw.
KXnsI«m am{Xw
hnj{]tbmKw
a\pjy³ DÄs¸sSbpÅ i{Xp¡Äs¡Xntc KXnsI«meÃmsX ]m¼pIÄ hnjw {]tbmKn¡mdnÃ.hnjw hnhn[Xcw cmkhkvXp¡fpsS Hcp k¦oÀWan{inXamWv. cIvXs¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnjw (Haemotoxin), \mUohyqls¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnjw (Neurotoxin) F¶nhbmWv {][m\ Xcw hnj§Ä. t]inIsf _m[n¡p¶ hnjw (Myotoxin), lrZbs¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnjw (Cardiotoxin) XpS§nb C\w hnj§fpapWvSv. an¡ ]m¼pIfnepw Chbn H¶ntesd Xcw hnj§Ä H¶n¨pImWmdpWvSv.
A]ISclnXamb ]m¼pISn
F¶m C´ybn ImWs¸Sp¶ \qdpIW¡n\v ]m¼pIfn hncense®mhp¶hbv¡p am{Xta hnjapÅq F¶XmWv kXyw. aqÀJ³ (Spectacled Cobra), shÅns¡«³ (Common Indian Krait), AWen (Russell's Viper), Npcp« aÞen (Sawscaled Viper) F¶o \mepXcw hnj¸m¼pIfpsS ISnaqeamWv C´ybn Gähpw IqSpX acW§Ä \S¡p¶Xv. F¶mÂ, IWvSm Chsbt¸mse Xs¶ tXm¶n¡p¶ Nne ]m¼pIÄ DWvSv. Hät\m«¯n Chsb Xncn¨dnbm³ Aev]sa¦nepw ]Tn¡msX km[n¡nà F¶XmWp kXyw. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ FÃm ]m¼pISnbpw hnjw XoWvSnbpÅ acWw F¶Xnt\mSp tNÀ¯p hmbn¡s¸tSWvSXÃ.
t]mfnheâv Bân kvt\¡v sh\w F¶ acp¶v
hnj]m¼nsâ I®n\p ]ndInembmWv Xp¸Â{KÙn¡p hyXnbm\w kw`hn¨ hnj{KÔn ØnXn sN¿p¶Xv. hnjanÃm¯ ]m¼nsâ ISn, hnjanÃm¯ hnjk©nbpÅ hnj¸m¼nsâ ISn, ]m¼v ISns¨¶ sXän²mcW tXm¶n¡p¶ apdnhv XpS§nb kmlNcy§fmWv ]m¼phnj¯n\p NnInÕn¡p¶p F¶p ]dbp¶hcpsS s]mXphmb ]nSnhÅn. AhcpsS ASp¯pt]mbn Ifbp¶ aWn¡qdpIÄ ]et¸mgpw tcmKnbpsS Poh³ \ãs¸Sm³ t]mepw ImcWamImw. Cu ]m¼pIfpsS hnjw IpXncbn Ip¯nh¨v IpXncbpsS icoc¯n Cu hnj¯ns\XnscbpWvSmhp¶ Bânt_mUnIÄ cà¯nÂ\n¶p thÀXncns¨Sp¯p ip²oIcn¨mWv ASV (Anti Snake Venom) \nÀ½n¡p¶Xv. aqÀJ³, iwJphcb³, AWen, Npcp« aÞen F¶o \mep ]m¼pIfpsS hnj¯ns\Xntc {]hÀ¯n¡psa¶Xn\m t]mfnheâv Bân kvt\¡v sh\w F¶mWv Cu acp¶ns\ hnfn¡p¶Xv.
AeÀPn¡p km[yX
AeÀPn DWvSmhm³ km[yX DWvSv F¶XmWv Cu acp¶nsâ {][m\ \yq\X. AXn\m AeÀPn DWvSmbm NnInÕn¡m\pÅ kuIcy§Ä IqSn Bip]{XnIfnepWvSmhWw. AeÀPn DWvSmhm³ km[yX DsWvS¦nepw BhiyapÅ tcmKnIÄ¡v acp¶p \ÂIpI Xs¶ thWw. kzoIcnt¡WvS NnInÕm kuIcy§Ä thWsa¶p am{Xw. tIcf¯nse FÃm kÀ¡mÀ saUn¡Â tImtfPpIfnepw {][m\ kÀ¡mÀþkzImcy Bip]{XnIfnepw Cu acp¶v e`yamWv.
]m¼pISntbäm ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbWsa¶ptWvSm?
C´ybn e`yamb ]m¼n³hnj¯ns\Xncmb NnInÕ (ASV), {][m\s¸« \mep ]m¼pIfpsS hnj¯ns\Xncmbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶XmWv (Polyvalent). AXpsImWvSpXs¶ hnj_m[ Gsä¶v Dd¸psWvS¦nÂ, ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnªmepw Csænepw NnInÕ IrXyambncn¡pw. ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbp¶Xnep]cn, ISntbä BfpsS imcocnIe£W§Ä t\m¡nbmWv tUmÎÀ NnInÕ \nÀWbn¡p¶Xv. ASV tUmkv \nÝbn¡p¶Xpw C§s\bmWv. am{XaÃ, ]nSn¨psImWvSp hcp¶Xv ISn¨ ]m¼ns\¯s¶ BIWsa¶panÃ.
]m¼pISntbämÂ
DS³ sNt¿WvSXv:
]m¼v ISn¨mÂ, Xncn¨pISn¨m hnjand§pw Fs¶ms¡ tI«n«pWvSv. CsXmcp Xamibmbn am{Xta IcpXm\mhq. Xncn¨p ISn¡m³ ]m¼ns\ Xncªp t]mbm cWvSmasXmcp ISnIqSn hm§n¡mw F¶Xn Ihnªp bmsXmcp {]tbmP\hpw CÃ. C¯cw kmlk§Ä¡v apXncmXncn¡pI. `bapWvSmIpI kzm`mhnIw am{XamWv. ]t£, ]cn{`ahpw HmSn c£s¸Sm\pÅ {iahpw icoc¯nse càNw{IaWw thK¯nem¡pIbpw lrZbw, hr¡, Xet¨mÀ F¶nhnS§fn hnjw s]s«¶v F¯pIbpw sN¿pw. Häbv¡msW¦nÂ, ISntbä `mKw lrZb¯ns\¡mÄ Xmsg Bbncn¡m³ {i²n¡pI. hnjw {][m\ Ahbh§fn F¯p¶Xv sshIn¡m³ CXp hgn km[n¡pw. Ignbp¶{X thKw t^mWneqsStbm atäm klmbw A`yÀ°n¡pI.
sI«pt¼mÄ {i²n¡pI
XpWn sImWvSv apdp¡ns¡«p¶Xv s]mXpsh ImWs¸Sp¶ coXn BsW¦nepw, Cu sI«v AanXambn apdpIp¶Xp hgn ISntbä `mKt¯¡pÅ càtbm«w XSbs¸SpIbpw B `mKw D]tbmKiq\yambn amdpIbpw sN¿m\pÅ km[yXbpWvSv. C\n AYhm sI«p¶psh¦nÂ, Hcp hnc Ibdm\pÅ Abhv DWvSmbncn¡Ww. ssIImepIfnemWv ISn GäsX¦n AWnªncn¡p¶ hm¨v, B`cW§Ä XpS§nbh DucnamäpI. ]n¶oSv \oÀho¡w h¶m Ch CdpIn _p²nap«pWvSmhm³ km[yXbpWvSv. apdnhn \n¶p cà{]hmlapsWvS¦n apdnhv hr¯nbpÅ XpWn sImWvSv sI«mw.
samss_en ISn¨ ]m¼nsâ Nn{XsaSp¡mw
]m¼ns\ ]nSn¡mt\m ]m¼nsâ t^mt«m ]nSn¡mt\m {ian¨p kabw IftbWvSXnÃ. ap³]p kqNn¸n¨Xpt]mse ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbp¶Xpw NnInÕbpw X½n henb _ÔanÃ. tcmKn¡mhiyamb NnInÕ F{Xbpw s]s«¶p sImSp¡pI F¶Xp Xs¶bmWv Gähpw {][m\w. kpc£nXamb AIe¯n \n¶v samss_en Nn{XsaSp¡m³ km[n¡psa¦nÂ, ]m¼v hnjapÅXmtWm AÃtbm F¶dnbm³ NnInÕn¡p¶ tUmÎsd klmbnt¨¡pw. CXn\p km[n¨nsænepw hntcm[anÃ.
sN¿cpXm¯ Imcy§Ä:
Aimkv{Xobamb NnInÕIÄ¡mbn Ifbp¶ hnetbdnb aWn¡qdpIÄ tcmKnsb ZpcnX¯nÂ\n¶p Zpc´¯nte¡p XÅnbnt«¡mw. hnj¡Ãv sh¡pI, ]¨acp¶p Ign¨p t\cw IfbpI XpS§nbhsbm¶pwXs¶ hnjw cà¯n IeÀ¶ AhØbn KpWw sN¿nÃ. tcmKnsb c£n¡m\pÅ hnes¸« kabw Cu hgn¡p \ãs¸SpIbpw sN¿pw. aZy]n¡pItbm, ]pI hen¡pItbm Blmcw Ign¡pItbm ]mSnÃ. aZyhpw ]pIbnebnse \nt¡m«n³ F¶ hkvXphpw cà¡pgepIsf hnIkn¸n¨p hnjw hfsc s]s«¶p cà¯n Iecm³ ImcWamIpw. Nne `£yhkvXp¡fnse LSI§Ä (DZmlcW¯n\v Nmbbnepw Im¸nbnepw AS§nbncn¡p¶ I^o³) CtXt]mse {]hÀ¯n¡pw. HmÀ¡pI, ]m¼pISntbä ]ncnapdp¡w Ipdbv¡m³ D]tbmKnt¡WvS hkvXp¡fà Chsbm¶pw. t\cw IfbmsX NnInÕ t\SpI F¶XmWv Gähpw AXymhiyw.
cà\ãw ^ew
GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ acp¶pItfm CeItfm h¨psI«mt\m Ign¡mt\m ]mSnÃ. apdnhv F{Xbpw s]s«¶v sshZy{i²bn s]Sm\pÅ hgn t\m¡pIbmWp thWvSXv. hnjw XoWvSnb apdnhn AWp_m[bv¡pÅ km[yX IqSnbpWvSm¡p¶ ØnXn DWvSmIcpXv. am{XaÃ, ISntbä `mK¯v apdnhpWvSm¡n càw Hgp¡n¡fbm³ {ian¡cpXv. càs¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnjapÅ ]m¼pISn F¡p¶Xv càw I« ]nSn¡m\pÅ tijn \ãs¸Sp¯pw. `oaamb cà\ãambncn¡pw ^ew. apdnhn \n¶p càw hmbsImWvSp hens¨Sp¯v Xp¸n¡fbm³ {ian¡cpXv. hnjw hens¨Sp¡p¶ hyàn¡v hnj_m[ G¡mw. apdnhn sFkv D]tbmKn¡m³ ]mSnà / Xo sImWvSv s]mÅteev]n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Chsbm¶pw Xs¶ hnj_m[sb XSbnÃ. tZmj^ew am{Xta DWvSm¡pIbpÅq
NnInÕ
]m¼pISnbpsS NnInÕ {][m\ambpw ASV Xs¶bmWv. hnjmwiw icoc¯n DtWvSm F¶pd¸v hcp¯m\pw ASV D]tbmKnt¡WvSXptWvSm F¶dnbp¶Xn\pambn NnInÕ¡v apt¶mSnbmbn Nne ]cntim[\IÄ \S¯pw. icoc¯nÂ\n¶p ]pds¯Sp¯ 10 anÃnenäÀ càw Hcp ¥mkv sSÌv Syq_n h¨v AXv I« ]nSn¡p¶Xp \nco£n¡p¶Xv hfsc {][m\s¸« Hcp ]cntim[\bmWv. càw I« ]nSn¡m\pÅ tijn \ãs¸Sp¶Xv A]ISIcamWv. IqSmsX aq{X¯n cà¯nsâ Awiw, hr¡bpsS {]hÀ¯\w \nco£n¡p¶ RFT XpS§n tcmKnbpsS e£W§Ä A\pkcn¨v hyXykvX ]cntim[\IÄ sN¿pw. I¬t]mf `mcw Xq§n ASªp t]mIpI XpS§nbh ISn¨ ]m¼ns\ Xncn¨dnbm³ t]mepw DXIp¶ e£WamWv. AWenhnj_m[bv¡v Nnet¸mÄ Ubmenknkv thWvSn ht¶¡mw. IrXykab¯v NnInÕ t\SpI F¶Xp Xs¶bmWv Gähpw {][m\w.
hnjw cà¯n IeÀ¶m tcmKn acn¡p¶Xv
cmPsh¼me, aqÀJ³, iwJphcb³ F¶nhbpsS hnjw a\pjy\mUoaÞes¯ (Neurotoxic) _m[n¡p¶p. AWenbpsS hnjw càaÞes¯bmWv (Haemotoxic) _m[n¡p¶Xv. \mUoaÞes¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnj_m[tbäm ImgvN a§Â, izmkXSÊw, BamibthZ\ F¶nh DWvSmIp¶p. càaÞes¯ _m[n¡p¶ hnj_m[ aqew ISntbä `mK¯v \ocpw XeId¡hpw DWvSmIp¶p. IqSmsX tcmaIq]§fneqsS càw s]mSnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
]¨ne acp¶v sImSp¯pÅ NnInk
tIcf¯n BsI 101 Xcw ]m¼pIÄ BWpÅXv. AXn¯s¶ a\pjyPoh\v A]ISIcamb coXnbn hnjapÅ 10 ]m¼pIÄ am{Xw. AXn As©®w ISÂ]m¼pIÄ BWv. AXmbXv, Icbn ImWp¶ 95 Xcw ]m¼pIfn 5 Xc¯n\p am{Xta a\pjysâ Poh³ A]lcn¡m³ IgnhpÅq F¶À°w. a\pjyPoh\v A]ISIcamb hnj¸m¼pIfpsS FÃm ISnIfpw acWImcWw BhpIbpanÃ. Cc ]nSn¨Xn\ptijapÅ ISnIfnepw ]ÃpIÄ Bg¯n Cd§m¯ ISnIfnepw a\pjyicoc¯nte¡v acWImcWamImhp¶ Afhn hnjw {]thin¡Ww F¶nÃ. Cu cWvSp km[yXIfpamWv ]et¸mgpw hymP NnInÕIÀ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. km[mcW a\pjy³ AXv hnizkn¨pt]mIpw. IÃv icoc¯n h¨mtem, ]¨neIÄ ]ngnsªmgn¨mtem Cu ]m¼pIfpsS hnj¯n\p acp¶mhnà F¶p Npcp¡w.