|
{^m³knkv
amÀ]m¸ C¡gnª sk]vXw_À 30þmw
XobXn, hnip² Ptdmansâ Xncp\mÄ Zn\¯nÂ,
]pds¸Sphn¨ At]dqbn¯v CÃokv (Aperuit
Illis) þ "Ah³ AhÀ¡mbn
Xpd¶p' F¶ tam¯p t{]m{]nbmbneqsS (kz´w
XmXv]cy¯m amÀ]m¸mamÀ \S¯p¶
Blzm\§fmWv tam¯p t{]m{]nb) k`mkaqlt¯mSv Blzm\w
sNbvX Hcp ImcyamWv FÃmhÀjhpw ss__nÄ RmbÀ
BNcn¡Ww F¶Xv. amÀ]m¸ AXn\mbn \nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶Xv
e¯o³ Bcm[\{Ia¯nse km[mcW BgvNIfnse aq¶mw
RmbdmgvNbmWv. AXv km[mcWambn P\phcn cWvSmw BgvN AYhm aq¶mw
BgvNbnemWp hcp¶Xv. At]dqbn¯v CÃokv F¶
t]cv amÀ]m¸ kzoIcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv eq¡mbpsS
kphntijw 24þmw A[ymbw 45þmw hN\w þ "hnip²
enJnX§Ä {Kln¡m³ X¡hn[w Ah³
AhcpsS a\ÊpIsf Xpd¶p' þ ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbmWv.
]m¸ FgpXp¶p: \ap¡v hnip² ss__nfnt\mSv
hfsc ASp¯ _Ôw DWvSmIWw. AsænÂ
\½psS lrZb§Ä XWp¯Xpw ASªXpw hnhn[
Xe§fnepÅ AÔXIfm XIÀ¡s¸«XpamIpw.
AhnSps¯ hm¡pIÄ tIÄ¡pIbpw \½psS
a\Ênsâbpw lrZb¯nsâbpw IhmS§Ä
Xpd¡pIbpw sNbvXm AhnSp¶v \½psS PohnX¯nÂ
{]thin¡pIbpw \t½msSm¯v F¶pw hkn¡pIbpw
sN¿pw.
tIcf It¯men¡mk` sIkn_nknbpsS Blzm\{]Imcw 1979 apXÂ
ss__nÄhmchpw ss__nÄ Rmbdpw BNcn¨pt]mcp¶pWvSv.
FÃmhÀjhpw {Inkvakv Ignªphcp¶ RmbdmWv
C{]Imcw BNcn¡p¶Xv. ssZhhN\hmb\bpw ]T\hpw hfÀ¯pIbpw
ss__nf[njvTnX B[ymßnIX cq]s¸Sp¯pIbpamWv e£yw
h¨ncn¡p¶Xv. GXm\pw hÀj§fmbn tIcfIt¯men¡mk`m
Unkw_À amkw ssZhhN\]mcmbWamkambn BNcn¨pt]mcp¶papWvSv.
ssZhhN\w amwkw [cn¨v a\pjy\mbn AhXcn¨Xnsâ HmÀ½
BNcn¡p¶ Unkw_Àamkw ssZhhN\]mcmbWamkambn
BNcn¡p¶p F¶Xv Gähpw AÀ°]qÀWamWv
F¶v k` ImWp¶p.
blqZÀ X§fpsS ]mc¼cya\pkcn¨v tXmd e`n¨Xnsâ
HmÀ½ hfsc BtLmjambmWv sImWvSmSp¶Xv. inavltXmd
F¶ t]cn Hcp DÕhwXs¶ sImWvSmSp¶pWvSv.
A¶p cm{Xnbn Dd§msX tXmd hmbn¨psImWvSv
PmKcWw A\pjvTn¡pI F¶XmWv CXnsâ {][m\ IÀaw.
ss{IkvXhhnizmknIsf kw_Ôn¨v Cu hN\PmKcWw \St¯WvS
AhkcamWv awKfhmÀ¯¡mew. AXpsImWvSmWv Unkw_À
amks¯ ssZhhN\]mcmbWamkambn BNcn¡p¶Xv.
\½psS A\pZn\PohnX¯n ssZhhN\hmb\ hnhn[ Xe¯nÂ
\S¯s¸Smhp¶XmWv:
1. enäÀPn¡Â hmb\ AYhm Bcm[\{Iahmb\.
BZnak`bn am{Xaà A¨SnhnZy IsWvS¯p¶
Imewhscbpw hnizmknIÄ¡v ssZhhN\w e`n¨ncp¶Xv
Bcm[\{Ia¯nse hmb\bneqsSbmbncp¶p. A¡me¯v
ss__nfnsâ ssIsbgp¯p{]XnIÄ X¿mdm¡nbncp¶Xv
Bcm[\bv¡v D]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\pthWvSnbmbncp¶p.
enäÀPnbnse hmb\Ifmbncp¶p hnizmknIÄ¡v
ssZhhN\w A\p`hn¡m\pÅ GI Ahkcw. AXpw an¡hmdpw
{]mNo\`mjIfn hmbn¡pIbpw tlmanenIfmbn ({]kwKambn)
AXnsâ `mjm´cw \S¯pIbpambncp¶p ]Xnhv.
C¶pw Bcm[\{Ia¯nse hN\hmb\ hfsc {][m\s¸«XmWv.
enäÀPn¡Â hmb\ Bcm[\{IahÕc¯nÂ
[ym\n¡p¶ hnhn[ aninlmkw`h§tfmSp _Ôs¸Sp¯nbmWv.
2. XpSÀhmb\: ssZhhN\hmb\bpsS cWvSmasXmcp {Iaw hnip²ss__nÄ
XpSÀ¨bmbn hmbn¡pI F¶XmWv. {]mNo\ kn\tKmKpIfnepw
BZnak`bnepw hnip²{KÙw XpSÀ¨bmbn ]ckyambn
hmbn¡p¶ coXnbpWvSmbncp¶p. C¶pw hnip²{KÙ¯nsâ
BZywapX Ahkm\whsc XpSÀ¨bmbn hmbn¡p¶
coXn hfsc km[mcWamWv. hnip²{KÙs¯ AXnsâ
ka{KXbn Adnbp¶Xn\pw c£mIcNcn{Xhpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯n
hnip²{KÙw a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\pw C{]ImcapÅ
XpSÀhmb\IÄ klmbn¡pw.
ssZhhN\]mcmbWamkt¯mS\p_Ôn¨v ss__nÄ Hcmhr¯n
XpSÀ¨bmbn hmbn¡p¶ hyànIfpw BZy´w
hmbn¡s¸Sp¶ Øe§fpw C¶p [mcmfambpWvSv.
GItZiw \qdpaWn¡qdpIÄ sImWvSv hnip² ss__nÄ
]qÀWambpw Hcmhr¯n hmbn¡mhp¶XmWv. 8760
aWn¡qdpIfpÅ BWvSph«¯n \qdpaWn¡qdpIÄ
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯n ss__nÄ XpSÀhmb\bmbn \S¯phm³
\ap¡p km[n¡p¶XmWv. HcpZnhkw 20þ25 an\näp
hmbn¨m km[yamIpw.
3. [ym\mßIhmb\ AYhm {]mÀY\m]qÀhIamb hmb\:
hnip²{KÙ¯nsâ GsX¦nepw `mKw {]mÀ°\bv¡pw
[ym\¯n\pambn FSp¯phmbn¡p¶ coXnbmWnXv.
{]mÀ°\m]qÀhw hnip² {KÙw hmbn¨p
[ym\n¨v AXnt\mSp kwkmcn¨v Bßob A`nhr²n¡pthWvSn
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶p. s]mXphn seIvkntbm Znho\
F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p. ChnsS Aev]t\cs¯ {]mÀ°\tbmsS
ssZhhN\hmb\ Bcw`n¡p¶p. ssZhhN\`mKw H¶p cWvSp
{]mhiyw im´ambn a\kncp¯nhmbn¡p¶p. D¨¯nepw
\ni_vZambpw hmbn¡p¶p. AXnse hN\§sf¡pdn¨v
[ym\n¡pIbpw a\Ên ]Xnbp¶ hN\§Ä
BhÀ¯n¨p]dbpIbpw XpSÀ¶pw {]mÀ°n¡pIbpw
hmbn¨v [ym\n¨ hN\`mK¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ
{]hr¯nXe¯nte¡p Xocpam\§Ä FSp¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶p. hyàn]cambpw {Kq¸mbpw C{]ImcapÅ
ssZhhN\hmb \S¯mhp¶XmWv. BßobhfÀ¨bv¡v
Gähpw klmbIamb ssZhN\]mcmbWcoXnbmWnXv.
4. hymJym\¯n\pthWvSnbpÅ hmb\ (FIvsksPän¡Â):
FIvsksPknkv F¶p ]dªm ]pds¯Sp¡pI
F¶mWv AÀ°w. ssZhhN\w FgpXs¸«Xnsâ
AÀ°w, e£yw F¶nh IsWvS¯n ]Tn¡p¶Xn\pthWvSnbpÅ
hmb\bmWnXv. hnip² {KÙ¯nsâ IÀ¯mhv
Htc kabw ssZhmcq]nbpw am\pjnI{KÙImc\pambncn¡p¶XpsImWvSv
hnip²{KÙ¯nsâ bYmÀ° AÀ°w
IsWvS¯p¶Xn\v ]cnip²mcq]nbpsS klmbw {]mÀ°n¡pIbpw
am\pjnIamb kmlNcy§fpw IgnhpIfpw D]tbmKn¨v hnip²
ss__nÄ ]Tn¡pIbpw thWw. ssZhhN\w FgpXs¸«
Imew, Ncn{X]Ým¯ew, Øew, AhnSs¯ kwkvImcw,
FgpXnb `mj, kmlnXyssien, Fgp¯pImcsâ ssZhimkv{X
e£yw FÃmw a\knemt¡WvSnbncn¡p¶p.
hnip² eq¡m Çolm kphntijsagpXnbXns\¡pdn¨p
]dbp¶Xv FÃm¡mcy§fpw kq£vaambn
]cntim[n¨Xn\ptijw {Iaambn FgpXp¶p (eq¡m 1,3)
F¶mWv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ssZhhN\w AXnsâ bYmÀ°
AÀ°¯n hymJym\n¡Wsa¦nÂ
ssZhmcq]ntbmSp tNÀ¶p \n¡pIbpw kq£vaambpw
{Iaambpw ]Tn¡pIbpw sNt¿WvSnbncn¡p¶p.
AXpsImWvSv ssZhN\w hmbn¡p¶Xns\m¸w ssZhhN\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ
aäp ]T\§fpw hmbnt¡WvSnbncn¡p¶p.
ss__nÄIaâdnIfpw, ss__nfnsâ Ncn{XþkwkvImcþ`mjm
]Ým¯e§Ä hnhcn¡p¶ ]pkvXI§fpw
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mw. C{]ImcapÅ klmbI{KÙ§tfmsS
ss__nÄ hmbn¡p¶XmWv hymJym\¯n\pthWvSnbpÅ
hmb\.
5. {]kwK¯n\pw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xn\papÅ
hmb\: hnip²{KÙw AXnsâ icnbmb AÀ°¯nÂ
]Tn¸n¡pIbpw {]kwKn¡pIbpamWv ChnsS e£ywhbv¡p¶Xv.
CXv bmYmÀ°yamIp¶Xv apIfn ]dª \mep
hmb\Ifpw AXnsâ {]m[m\yt¯msS \S¯pI F¶XmWv.
Asæn hymJym\¯nepw ]Tn¸n¡enepw
sXäp]ämw. ImcWw hnip² ss__nÄ Bbnc¯ne[nIw
hÀj§ÄsImWvSv \mev]Xne[nIw {KÙImc·mcnÂ
\n¶v hyXykvX`mjIfn hnhn[ cmPy§fn FgpXs¸«
73 ]pkvXI§fpsS kamlmcamWv. F¦nepw AXnsâ
{]Xn]mZyhnjbw H¶p am{Xw: ssZhþa\pjy_Ôw, a\pjyNcn{X¯nepÅ
ssZhnICSs]SÂ AXmbXv a\pjysâ c£mIcNcn{Xw.
ImcWw, Ncn{X¯neqsS a\pjyIpes¯ \bn¡p¶
ssZhmcq]nbmWv CXnsâ GI {KÙIÀ¯mhv.
AXmbXv, {]tNmZnX{KÙIÀ¯mhv. AXn\mÂ
ssZhmcq]ntbmSp tNÀ¶pw a\pjysâ kÀKiàn
D]tbmKn¨pw ss__nÄ hmbn¡Ww, ]Tn¡Ww. hnip²
ss__nÄ cq]w sImWvSXv C{kmtb P\Xbnepw (]gb\nbaw)
k`bnepambXpsImWvSv (]pXnb\nbaw) C{kmtbÂP\XbpsSbpw
k`bpsSbpw hymJym\Ncn{Xt¯mSp tNÀ¶pthWw hnip²{KÙw
hmbn¡m\pw ]Tn¡m\pw hymJym\n¡m\pw.
(teJI³ ]mem cq]X ss__nÄ A¸kvtXmteäv UbdIvSdmWv)
|
|