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P\kwJybpsS
IWs¡Sp¯m temI¯nse Gähpw henb P\m[n]XycmPyamWv
C´y. 1947þÂ \ap¡v kzmX{´yw In«n.
DSs\Xs¶ hnhn[ {]hniyIfnÂ\n¶p XncsªSp¡s¸«
AwK§Ä DÄs¸Sp¶ Hcp `cWLS\m\nÀamWk`
(Constituent Assembly)
{]hÀ¯\w XpS§pIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp kzX{´
]cam[nImc P\m[n]Xy dn¸»n¡n\v A\ptbmPyamb
]pXnb `cWLS\ X¿mdm¡pIbmbncp¶p Cu k`bpsS
ZuXyw. tUm. cmtP{µ{]kmZmbncp¶p Cu k`bpsS A[y£Øm\¯ncp¶v
k`m\S]SnIÄ \nb{´n¨Xv. tUm. Awt_ZvIÀ
Bbncp¶p {Um^vänwKv I½nänbpsS sNbÀam³.
\nbahnZKv[cmbncp¶ AwK§fpw {][m\a{´n PhlÀemÂ
s\{lp, sU]yq«n {][m\a{´n kÀ±mÀ
]t«Â XpS§nbhcpw Hmtcm `cWLS\m hyhØbpsSbpw
CgIodnbpÅ NÀ¨bn kPohambn ]s¦Sp¯p.
Ahkm\w 1949 \hw_À 23þ\v ]pXnb `cWLS\ k` ]mkm¡nsbSp¯p.
1950 P\phcn 26þmw XobXn \nehnÂh¶ Cu `cWLS\
\½psS P\m[n]Xy ]cam[nImc dn¸»n¡nsâ
ASnØm\inebmbn¯ocpIbpw sNbvXp.
Cu `cWLS\bv¡p {]tNmZ\mßIamb Hcp apJhpcbpWvSv
þ Preamble: ""\½Ä C´ybnse
P\§Ä, C´ysb Hcp ]cam[nImc tkmjyenÌv
aX\nct]£ P\m[n]Xy dn¸»n¡mbn
cq]Iev]\ sN¿p¶Xn\pw \½psS cmPy¯nse
FÃm ]uc·mÀ¡pw kmaqlnIhpw km¼¯nIhpw
cmjv{Sobhpamb \oXn, BibmhnjvIcWw, hnizmkw, `àn,
Bcm[\ F¶nhbv¡pÅ kzmX{´yw, Øm\am\§Ä,
Ahkc§Ä F¶nhbnepÅ kaXzw Ch Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\pw
hyànbpsS kzmX{´yhpw cmjv{S¯nsâ
sFIyhpw AJWvUXbpw Dd¸phcp¯p¶ kmtlmZcyw
FÃmhcnepw hfÀ¯p¶Xn\pw ZrV\nÝbw
sNbvXpsImWvSv \½psS `cWLS\m \nÀ½mWk`bnÂh¨v
1949 \hw_À 26þmw Cu `cWLS\sb AwKoIcn¡pIbpw
AXv \nbaam¡pIbpw \ap¡mbn¯s¶ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶p.'' XnI¨pw BthiIcamb
e£y§Ä! FÃmhÀ¡pw auenImhImi§Ä.
Cu auenImhImi§fpsS [zwk\¯ns\Xncmbn tImSXnbnse¯n
Ah \S¸m¡nsbSp¡m³ \ap¡v AhImiw
Xcp¶ `cWLS\. \nba¯nsâ ap³]nÂ
XpeyX, AhkckaXzw apXembh. CjvSapÅ aX¯nÂ
hnizkn¡m\pw aXmNmc§Ä ]men¡m\pw
aXw {]Ncn¸n¡m\papÅ AhImiw. NqjW¯ns\XnscbpÅ
kwc£Ww, kmwkvImcnIhpw hnZym`ymk]chpamb AhImi§Ä,
aXw, hÀKw, PmXn, enwKw, P\n¨ Øew ChbpsS
ASnØm\¯n BÀ¡pw hnthN\w
A\p`hnt¡WvSnhcnÃ. Hcp ]ucs\bpw s]mXp
CS§fpw tdmUpIfpw D]tbmKn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶v
XSbm³ ]mSnÃ. ]t£, ]«nIPmXn, ]«nIhÀK¡mÀ¡pw
aäp ]n¶m¡ kapZmb¡mÀ¡pw
{]tXyI B\pIqey§Ä \ÂIm\pÅ hyhØIfpw
CtXmsSm¸apWvSv. XoWvSepw sXmSoepw \ntcm[n¡p¶
Imcyhpw C¡q«¯nepWvSv. A`n{]mbkzmX{´yw,
GXp Øe¯pw Pohn¡m\pw sXmgn sN¿m\papÅ
kzmX{´yw apXembhbpw auenImhImi§fnÂs]Spw.
hyànkzmX{´yw l\n¡m³ ]mSnÃ,
\nba¯n hyhØ sNbvXncn¡p¶
\S]Sn{Ia§Ä¡p hnt[bambn«ÃmsX
Bscbpw XShnem¡pIbpw kzmX{´yw \ntj[n¡pIbpw
sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ. 6 apXÂ 14 hbÊphscbpÅ
Ip«nIÄ¡v \à hnZym`ymkw e`n¡m\pÅ
Ahkchpw auenImhImi§fn s]Sp¯nbn«pWvSv.
`cWLS\bpsS \memw `mK¯v Directive
Principles of State Policy sb¸än hnhcn¡p¶p.
auenImhImi§sft¸mseXs¶ ]uc·mcpsS
auenIamb ISaIsf¸änbpw \½psS `cWLS\
]cmaÀin¡p¶pWvSv.
XpSÀ¶pÅ `mK§fn \½psS
`cWLS\ kÀ¡mcnsâ hn`mK§fmb \nÀhlWw
(Executive),
]mÀesaâv (\nba\nÀamWw), PpUojydn
(\oXn\ymb tImSXnIÄ) Ch aq¶nsâbpw kzX{´amb
{]hÀ¯\w Dd¸phcp¯m\pÅ hyhØIÄ
DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p. IqSmsX,
kÀ¡mcnsâ IW¡pIÄ ]cntim[n¡m³
NpaXes¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶ I¬t{SmfÀ
Bâv HmUnäÀ P\d Hm^v C´y XpS§nb
`cWLS\m]ZhnIsf¸änbpÅ ]cmaÀi§Ä.
FIvknIyq«ohnsâbpw \nbak`IfpsSbpw tImSXnIfpsSbpw
AhImi§sf¸änbpw hniZamb hyhØIÄ.
]©mb¯v, ap\nkn¸menän XpS§nb
Xt±ikzbw`cWØm]\§fpsS Imcyhpw `cWLS\
hniZambn ssIImcyw sN¿p¶p. kÀ¡mcnsâ
DtZymK§fnte¡v tbmKyXbpÅhsc \njv]£amb
hn[¯n XncsªSp¡m\pÅ ]»nIv
kÀhokv I½oj³ (]n.Fkv.kn), XncsªSp¸pIÄ
\njv]£ambpw IrXykab¯pw \nbam[njvTnXambn
\S¯m\pÅ ZuXyw Gev]n¨psImSp¯ncn¡p¶
Ce£³ I½oj³ XpS§nbhbpsS {]hÀ¯\w
{IaoIcn¡m\pÅ hyhØIÄ. `cWLS\bpsS
A\p_Ôambn tNÀ¯n«pÅ sjUyqfpIfnÂ
hnhn[ kwØm\§fpsS hnhc§fpw `cWLS\m]ZhnIfnepÅ
hyànIÄ¡p \ÂIm\pÅ {]Xn^es¯¸änbpÅ
hyhØIfpw, tI{µhpw kwØm\§fpw
X½n A[nImcw ]¦nSm\pÅ hyhØIÄ,
bqWnb³ enÌv (tI{µ¯n\pam{Xw \nba\nÀamWw
\S¯m³ Ignbp¶ hnjb§Ä), tÌäv
enÌv (kwØm\w \nba\nÀamWw \St¯WvS
hnjb§Ä), I¬Idâv enÌv (cWvSpIq«À¡pw
\nba\nÀamWw \S¯mw) þ ChsbÃmw
sjUyqfpIfnepWvSv.
`cWLS\bn \à Imcy§Ä FgpXnhbv¡p¶XpsImWvSmbnÃ,
Ah kXykÔambpw IrXyambpw \S¸nem¡m³
A[nImcØm\¯pÅhÀ X¿mdmIWw.
\nbaa\pkcn¨v Imcy§Ä \S¡Ww. AXn\v
Gähpw {][m\w FIvknIyq«ohv, PpUojydn, \nba\nÀamW
k`IÄ F¶o hn`mK§Ä kzX{´ambn
{]hÀ¯n¡m\pÅ kmlNcyw DWvSm¡pI
F¶XmWv. DZmlcWambn, tImSXnIÄ¡v kÀ¡mcnsâ
Xe¸¯pÅ cmjv{Sobt\Xm¡fpsS CSs]SepIfnÃmsX
kzX{´ambn Xocpam\§sfSp¡m\pÅ
AhImiw thWw. No^v Ce£³ I½ojWÀ,
I¬t{SmfÀ Bâv HmUnäÀ P\dÂ,
dnkÀhv _m¦v KhÀWÀ, bqWnb³
]»nIv kÀhokv I½oj³ XpS§nb
]ZhnIfpw Øm]\§fpw kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡Ww.
thWvSs¸«hsc XncpIn¡bäm\pÅ
CS§fmbn Chsb `cWm[nImcnIÄ IcpXm³ ]mSnÃ.
At¸mÄ am{Xta `cWLS\ \ÂInbncn¡p¶
AhImi§Ä P\§Ä¡p e`yam¡m³
Ignbq.
\½psS `cWLS\ 1951þ \nehn h¶v
BZyIme¯v `cWw \S¯nbncp¶Xv {][m\a{´n
PhlÀem s\lvdphpw Iq«cpambncp¶tÃm.
AXnhninjvSamb {]IS\amWv AhÀ ImgvNh¨Xv.
bmsXmcphn[¯nepw HcnSs]Sepw \S¯msX PpUojydnsbbpw
Ce£³ I½ojs\bpw aäp `cWLS\mØm]\§sfbpw
kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡m³ s\lvdp
A\phZn¨p. A¡me¯v kp{]kn² ImÀ«qWnÌv
BÀ.sI. e£vaW³ hc¨ Hcp Nn{Xw HmÀ½
hcp¶p. Hcp HmÀ¡kv{Sbn FÃm
hmtZym]IcW§fpw hmbn¨psImWvSncp¶Xv
s\lvdpXs¶bmbncp¶p. ImÀ«qWnÌv
kqNn¸n¨Xpt]mse `cWw apgph³ s\lvdphnsâ
\nb{´W¯n Bbncp¶psh¦nepw
bmsXmcp AhnlnX CSs]Sepw \S¯msX FÃm `cWLS\mØm]\§sfbpw
kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡m³ A\phZn¨
B {]hÀ¯\ssienbmbncp¶p \½psS
`cWLS\sb {]mtbmKnIXe¯n \ap¡v BkzZn¡m³
Ahkcw Hcp¡nbXv.
]t£, C¶s¯ ØnXn CXmtWm? Cu Ignª
Znhkw AÀ[cm{Xnbn Act§dnb almcmjv{Sbnse
cmjv{Sob\mSIw, Ignª XncsªSp¸pIme¯v ]£]mX]camb
coXnbn ]e Xocpam\§fpsaSp¯v hnaÀi\¯n\v
hnt[bamb \½psS Ce£³ I½ojsâ
{]hÀ¯\w, hnhmZ{]iv\§fn kp{]ow tImSXn
CubSp¯Ime¯v \ÂInb hn[n\ymb§fpsS \njv]£XbnÃmbva
XpS§nb ]e ZuÀ`mKyIcamb DZmlcW§fpw Ct¸mÄ
\½psS ap¼nepWvSv. Ch \½psS `cWLS\bpsS
`mhnsb¸än \½n Ipds¨m¶paÃ
Bi¦bpWvSm¡p¶Xv. Eternal
vigilance is the price of freedom Fs¶mcp sNmÃpWvSv.
\mw Pm{KX ]men¡pI. `cWLS\mhyhØIfn shÅw
tNÀ¡mt\m `cWLS\mØm]\§fpsStaÂ
AhnlnXamb kzm[o\w sNep¯mt\m `cW¯nepÅhÀ
{ian¡pt¼mÄ \mw AXniàambn CSs]SpI
Xs¶ thWw. \nbam\pkrXamb FÃm amÀ¤§fpw
D]tbmKn¨v FXnÀ¡pI. 70þmw hmÀjnIw
BtLmjn¡p¶ Cu Ahkc¯n \½psS `cWLS\
\ap¡p \ÂInbncn¡p¶ AhImi§sf¸än
P\§sf t_m[h¡cn¡m\pw hyhØIfnÂ
shÅw tNÀ¡m³ {ian¨m FXnÀ¯v
tXmev]n¡m\pw \ap¡p Ignbs«. |
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