P\kwJybpsS IWs¡Sp¯m temI¯nse Gähpw henb P\m[n]XycmPyamWv C´y. 1947þ \ap¡v kzmX{´yw In«n. DSs\Xs¶ hnhn[ {]hniyIfnÂ\n¶p XncsªSp¡s¸« AwK§Ä DÄs¸Sp¶ Hcp `cWLS\m\nÀamWk` (Constituent Assembly) {]hÀ¯\w XpS§pIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp kzX{´ ]cam[nImc P\m[n]Xy dn¸»n¡n\v A\ptbmPyamb ]pXnb `cWLS\ X¿mdm¡pIbmbncp¶p Cu k`bpsS ZuXyw. tUm. cmtP{µ{]kmZmbncp¶p Cu k`bpsS A[y£Øm\¯ncp¶v k`m\S]SnIÄ \nb{´n¨Xv. tUm. Awt_ZvIÀ Bbncp¶p {Um^vänwKv I½nänbpsS sNbÀam³. \nbahnZKv[cmbncp¶ AwK§fpw {][m\a{´n PhlÀem s\{lp, sU]yq«n {][m\a{´n kÀ±mÀ ]t«Â XpS§nbhcpw Hmtcm `cWLS\m hyhØbpsSbpw CgIodnbpÅ NÀ¨bn kPohambn ]s¦Sp¯p. Ahkm\w 1949 \hw_À 23þ\v ]pXnb `cWLS\ k` ]mkm¡nsbSp¯p. 1950 P\phcn 26þmw XobXn \nehnÂh¶ Cu `cWLS\ \½psS P\m[n]Xy ]cam[nImc dn¸»n¡nsâ ASnØm\inebmbn¯ocpIbpw sNbvXp.
Cu `cWLS\bv¡p {]tNmZ\mßIamb Hcp apJhpcbpWvSv þ Preamble: ""\½Ä C´ybnse P\§Ä, C´ysb Hcp ]cam[nImc tkmjyenÌv aX\nct]£ P\m[n]Xy dn¸»n¡mbn cq]Iev]\ sN¿p¶Xn\pw \½psS cmPy¯nse FÃm ]uc·mÀ¡pw kmaqlnIhpw km¼¯nIhpw cmjv{Sobhpamb \oXn, BibmhnjvIcWw, hnizmkw, `àn, Bcm[\ F¶nhbv¡pÅ kzmX{´yw, Øm\am\§Ä, Ahkc§Ä F¶nhbnepÅ kaXzw Ch Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\pw hyànbpsS kzmX{´yhpw cmjv{S¯nsâ sFIyhpw AJWvUXbpw Dd¸phcp¯p¶ kmtlmZcyw FÃmhcnepw hfÀ¯p¶Xn\pw ZrV\nÝbw sNbvXpsImWvSv \½psS `cWLS\m \nÀ½mWk`bnÂh¨v 1949 \hw_À 26þmw Cu `cWLS\sb AwKoIcn¡pIbpw AXv \nbaam¡pIbpw \ap¡mbn¯s¶ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.'' XnI¨pw BthiIcamb e£y§Ä! FÃmhÀ¡pw auenImhImi§Ä. Cu auenImhImi§fpsS [zwk\¯ns\Xncmbn tImSXnbnse¯n Ah \S¸m¡nsbSp¡m³ \ap¡v AhImiw Xcp¶ `cWLS\. \nba¯nsâ ap³]n XpeyX, AhkckaXzw apXembh. CjvSapÅ aX¯n hnizkn¡m\pw aXmNmc§Ä ]men¡m\pw aXw {]Ncn¸n¡m\papÅ AhImiw. NqjW¯ns\XnscbpÅ kwc£Ww, kmwkvImcnIhpw hnZym`ymk]chpamb AhImi§Ä, aXw, hÀKw, PmXn, enwKw, P\n¨ Øew ChbpsS ASnØm\¯n BÀ¡pw hnthN\w A\p`hnt¡WvSnhcnÃ. Hcp ]ucs\bpw s]mXp CS§fpw tdmUpIfpw D]tbmKn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶v XSbm³ ]mSnÃ. ]t£, ]«nIPmXn, ]«nIhÀK¡mÀ¡pw aäp ]n¶m¡ kapZmb¡mÀ¡pw {]tXyI B\pIqey§Ä \ÂIm\pÅ hyhØIfpw CtXmsSm¸apWvSv. XoWvSepw sXmSoepw \ntcm[n¡p¶ Imcyhpw C¡q«¯nepWvSv. A`n{]mbkzmX{´yw, GXp Øe¯pw Pohn¡m\pw sXmgn sN¿m\papÅ kzmX{´yw apXembhbpw auenImhImi§fnÂs]Spw. hyànkzmX{´yw l\n¡m³ ]mSnÃ, \nba¯n hyhØ sNbvXncn¡p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä¡p hnt[bambn«ÃmsX Bscbpw XShnem¡pIbpw kzmX{´yw \ntj[n¡pIbpw sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ. 6 apX 14 hbÊphscbpÅ Ip«nIÄ¡v \à hnZym`ymkw e`n¡m\pÅ Ahkchpw auenImhImi§fn s]Sp¯nbn«pWvSv.
`cWLS\bpsS \memw `mK¯v Directive Principles of State Policy sb¸än hnhcn¡p¶p. auenImhImi§sft¸mseXs¶ ]uc·mcpsS auenIamb ISaIsf¸änbpw \½psS `cWLS\ ]cmaÀin¡p¶pWvSv.
XpSÀ¶pÅ `mK§fn \½psS `cWLS\ kÀ¡mcnsâ hn`mK§fmb \nÀhlWw (Executive), ]mÀesaâv (\nba\nÀamWw), PpUojydn (\oXn\ymb tImSXnIÄ) Ch aq¶nsâbpw kzX{´amb {]hÀ¯\w Dd¸phcp¯m\pÅ hyhØIÄ DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p. IqSmsX, kÀ¡mcnsâ IW¡pIÄ ]cntim[n¡m³ NpaXes¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶ I¬t{SmfÀ Bâv HmUnäÀ P\d Hm^v C´y XpS§nb `cWLS\m]ZhnIsf¸änbpÅ ]cmaÀi§Ä. FIvknIyq«ohnsâbpw \nbak`IfpsSbpw tImSXnIfpsSbpw AhImi§sf¸änbpw hniZamb hyhØIÄ. ]©mb¯v, ap\nkn¸menän XpS§nb Xt±ikzbw`cWØm]\§fpsS Imcyhpw `cWLS\ hniZambn ssIImcyw sN¿p¶p. kÀ¡mcnsâ DtZymK§fnte¡v tbmKyXbpÅhsc \njv]£amb hn[¯n XncsªSp¡m\pÅ ]»nIv kÀhokv I½oj³ (]n.Fkv.kn), XncsªSp¸pIÄ \njv]£ambpw IrXykab¯pw \nbam[njvTnXambn \S¯m\pÅ ZuXyw Gev]n¨psImSp¯ncn¡p¶ Ce£³ I½oj³ XpS§nbhbpsS {]hÀ¯\w {IaoIcn¡m\pÅ hyhØIÄ. `cWLS\bpsS A\p_Ôambn tNÀ¯n«pÅ sjUyqfpIfn hnhn[ kwØm\§fpsS hnhc§fpw `cWLS\m]ZhnIfnepÅ hyànIÄ¡p \ÂIm\pÅ {]Xn^es¯¸änbpÅ hyhØIfpw, tI{µhpw kwØm\§fpw X½n A[nImcw ]¦nSm\pÅ hyhØIÄ, bqWnb³ enÌv (tI{µ¯n\pam{Xw \nba\nÀamWw \S¯m³ Ignbp¶ hnjb§Ä), tÌäv enÌv (kwØm\w \nba\nÀamWw \St¯WvS hnjb§Ä), I¬Idâv enÌv (cWvSpIq«À¡pw \nba\nÀamWw \S¯mw) þ ChsbÃmw sjUyqfpIfnepWvSv.
`cWLS\bn \à Imcy§Ä FgpXnhbv¡p¶XpsImWvSmbnÃ, Ah kXykÔambpw IrXyambpw \S¸nem¡m³ A[nImcØm\¯pÅhÀ X¿mdmIWw. \nbaa\pkcn¨v Imcy§Ä \S¡Ww. AXn\v Gähpw {][m\w FIvknIyq«ohv, PpUojydn, \nba\nÀamW k`IÄ F¶o hn`mK§Ä kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡m\pÅ kmlNcyw DWvSm¡pI F¶XmWv. DZmlcWambn, tImSXnIÄ¡v kÀ¡mcnsâ Xe¸¯pÅ cmjv{Sobt\Xm¡fpsS CSs]SepIfnÃmsX kzX{´ambn Xocpam\§sfSp¡m\pÅ AhImiw thWw. No^v Ce£³ I½ojWÀ, I¬t{SmfÀ Bâv HmUnäÀ P\dÂ, dnkÀhv _m¦v KhÀWÀ, bqWnb³ ]»nIv kÀhokv I½oj³ XpS§nb ]ZhnIfpw Øm]\§fpw kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡Ww. thWvSs¸«hsc XncpIn¡bäm\pÅ CS§fmbn Chsb `cWm[nImcnIÄ IcpXm³ ]mSnÃ. At¸mÄ am{Xta `cWLS\ \ÂInbncn¡p¶ AhImi§Ä P\§Ä¡p e`yam¡m³ Ignbq.
\½psS `cWLS\ 1951þ \nehn h¶v BZyIme¯v `cWw \S¯nbncp¶Xv {][m\a{´n PhlÀem s\lvdphpw Iq«cpambncp¶tÃm. AXnhninjvSamb {]IS\amWv AhÀ ImgvNh¨Xv. bmsXmcphn[¯nepw HcnSs]Sepw \S¯msX PpUojydnsbbpw Ce£³ I½ojs\bpw aäp `cWLS\mØm]\§sfbpw kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡m³ s\lvdp A\phZn¨p. A¡me¯v kp{]kn² ImÀ«qWnÌv BÀ.sI. e£vaW³ hc¨ Hcp Nn{Xw HmÀ½ hcp¶p. Hcp HmÀ¡kv{Sbn FÃm hmtZym]IcW§fpw hmbn¨psImWvSncp¶Xv s\lvdpXs¶bmbncp¶p. ImÀ«qWnÌv kqNn¸n¨Xpt]mse `cWw apgph³ s\lvdphnsâ \nb{´W¯n Bbncp¶psh¦nepw bmsXmcp AhnlnX CSs]Sepw \S¯msX FÃm `cWLS\mØm]\§sfbpw kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡m³ A\phZn¨ B {]hÀ¯\ssienbmbncp¶p \½psS `cWLS\sb {]mtbmKnIXe¯n \ap¡v BkzZn¡m³ Ahkcw Hcp¡nbXv.
]t£, C¶s¯ ØnXn CXmtWm? Cu Ignª Znhkw AÀ[cm{Xnbn Act§dnb almcmjv{Sbnse cmjv{Sob\mSIw, Ignª XncsªSp¸pIme¯v ]£]mX]camb coXnbn ]e Xocpam\§fpsaSp¯v hnaÀi\¯n\v hnt[bamb \½psS Ce£³ I½ojsâ {]hÀ¯\w, hnhmZ{]iv\§fn kp{]ow tImSXn CubSp¯Ime¯v \ÂInb hn[n\ymb§fpsS \njv]£XbnÃmbva XpS§nb ]e ZuÀ`mKyIcamb DZmlcW§fpw Ct¸mÄ \½psS ap¼nepWvSv. Ch \½psS `cWLS\bpsS `mhnsb¸än \½n Ipds¨m¶paà Bi¦bpWvSm¡p¶Xv. Eternal vigilance is the price of freedom Fs¶mcp sNmÃpWvSv. \mw Pm{KX ]men¡pI. `cWLS\mhyhØIfn shÅw tNÀ¡mt\m `cWLS\mØm]\§fpsSta AhnlnXamb kzm[o\w sNep¯mt\m `cW¯nepÅhÀ {ian¡pt¼mÄ \mw AXniàambn CSs]SpI Xs¶ thWw. \nbam\pkrXamb FÃm amÀ¤§fpw D]tbmKn¨v FXnÀ¡pI. 70þmw hmÀjnIw BtLmjn¡p¶ Cu Ahkc¯n \½psS `cWLS\ \ap¡p \ÂInbncn¡p¶ AhImi§sf¸än P\§sf t_m[h¡cn¡m\pw hyhØIfn shÅw tNÀ¡m³ {ian¨m FXnÀ¯v tXmev]n¡m\pw \ap¡p Ignbs«.