NqSv, k½À±w, {]Imiw XpS§nbhbpsS klmb¯m tbmPn¸n¡mhp¶hbpw hnLSn¸n¡mhp¶hbpamb cmkhkvXp¡fpWvSv. F¶m ChbpsS klmb¯m am{Xw \S¸mIm¯ tbmP\þhntbmP\ {]{InbIÄ ckX{´¯n ImWmw. C¯cw {]{InbIsf XzcnXs¸Sp¯p¶hbmWv cmkXzcIw, F³sskapIÄ XpS§nbh. DZmlcWwþ \ne¡Se F®tbmSv ssl{UP³ tNÀ¶v h\kv]Xn(UmÂUm) DWvSmIp¶Xn\v \n¡Â XcnIÄ cmkXzcIamIpt¼mÄ, ss\{SPt\mSv ssl{UP³ tNÀ¶v AtamWnbm DWvSmIp¶Xn\v Ccp¼ps]mSn cmkXzcIambn D]Icn¡p¶p.
NqSpam{Xap]tbmKn¨pWvSmIp¶ Hcp {]{InbbmWv ]©kmc emb\n _\UnIväv emb\nbpambn {]hÀ¯n¨pWvSmIp¶ \ndw amäw. aq{X¯n ]©kmcbptWvSmsb¶dnbm³ 5anÃn enäÀ _\UnIvSv emb\nbn F«p XpÅn aq{Xsamgn¨p Hcp ]co£W\mfnbnseSp¯v Xnfbv¡p¶ shůn\I¯v A©pan\n«v h¨m aXnbmIpw. aq{X¯nse ]©kmcbpsS tXmX\pkcn¨v ]¨, CfwNph¸v, Nph¸v F¶o \ndt`Z§Ä emb\n¡pWvSmIpw. emb\nbnepÅ tIm¸À kÄt^än ¥qt¡mkv ]©kmc {]hÀ¯n¡pt¼mgpWvSmIp¶ Ip{]kv HmIvsskUnsâ Afh\pkcn¨mWv \ndt`Z§fpWvSmIp¶Xv. ]¨ {]tal¯nsâ XpS¡hpw Nph¸v tcmK aqÀÑbpw ImWn¡p¶p. C¶o {]tbmK¯n\p]Icw cmkXzcI§tfmsSm¸w ^nÂäÀ t]¸än ]Xn¨ cmkhkvXp¡fn DWvSmIp¶ \ndt`Z§Ä t\m¡n aq{X¯nse ]©kmcbpsS AfshSp¡mw. cmkXzcI§Ä ¥qt¡mkv HmIvkntUkv, s]tdmIvkntUkv XpS§nbhbpw cmkhkvXp¡Ä ¥qt¡mkpambn {]hÀ¯n¨v \ndw amäw Xcp¶ Aao\pIfpambncn¡pw. Cu t]¸dpIÄ aq{X¯n ap¡nbmeXnepÅ ]©kmcbpsS Afhv tcJs¸Sp¯m\mIpw.
NqSpsImWvSpWvSmIp¶ {]{Inb ImWm³ ssl{UPs\ HmIvknP\n I¯n¨m PeapWvSmIp¶Xp ImWmw. km[mcW A´co£Xm]¯n Cu hmXI§Ä H¶n¨m ssl{UP³ s]tdmIvsskUpWvSmIpw.
2H2 + O2 Š2H2O (1)
H2 + O2 ŠH2O2 (2)
kqcy{]Imi¯n ssl{UP\pw t¢mdn\pw H¶n¨v sslt{Um t¢mdn¡mknUpWvSmIpw.
H2 + Cl2 Š2HCl (3)
F¶m ssl{UPs\ ss\{SPt\mSp tNÀ¡m³ NqSpw, aÀ±hpw cmkXzcIhpw thWvSnhcpw. ImcWw ss\{SP\nepÅ Bä§sf thÀs]Sp¯pI kpKaaÃ. 500 Un{Kn skânt{KUne[nIw Dujvamhpw 450 e[nIw aS§v A´co£ aÀ±hpw \¶mbn s]mSns¨Sp¯ Ccp¼ps]mSnbpw IqSnbmte ss\{SPt\mSv ssl{UP³ tNÀ¶v AtamWnb DWvSmIqsh¶v tl_À F¶ {^©p imkv{XÚ³ IWvSp]nSn¨p. Cu IWvSp]nSn¯w AtamWnbw kÄt^sä¶ cmkhf¯n\pw lcnXhn¹h¯n\pw hgn sXfn¨p.
N2 + 3H2 Š2NH3 (AtamWnb) (4)
~H¶mIm³ hnk½Xn¨psImWvSv hmXI§fmbmepw tNcm¯ ss\{SP³, ssl{UP³ X·m{XIfn H¶n¨ncn¡p¶ AWpI§sf thÀs]Sp¯m³ Ccp¼ps]mSnsb¶ cmkXzcIw Hcp kq{X¸Wn sN¿p¶p. ss\{SP³ X·m{Xbnse Ccp AWpI§sfbpw Ccp¼ps]mSn _eambn ]nS¨Iän D]cnXe¯n LSn¸n¡p¶p. AXpt]mse ssl{UP³ X·m{Xsbbpw s]m«n¨v Ccp¼ps]mSn D]cnXe¯n LSn¸n¡p¶p. C¯c¯n thÀs]«p \n¡p¶ ss\{SP\pw ssl{UP\pw aÀ±hpw NqSpwsImWvSv sR§nbacp¶p. X£Ww Hcp ss\{SPs\ aq¶p ssl{UP³ h«an«v ]nSnIqSn AtamWnb (NH3) DWvSmIp¶p. CXmWv sl_À IWvSp]nSn¨ AtamWnbw DXv]mZ\w. ChnsS Ccp¼p s]mSn a[yhÀ¯nbmbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. C¯c¯n UmÂUm DXv]mZ\¯n \n¡Â XcnIÄ ssl{UP³ X·m{Xsb s]m«n¨v \ne¡Sesb®bnse A]qcnX I®nbn ssl{UPs\ Ibänhn«v Ir{Xna sh®bpWvSm¡p¶p.
CH = CH + H2 Š CH2 CH2 (5)
F® Ir{Xna sh®
ChnsS \ap¡v ]Tn¡m\pÅ aqeyw cmkXzcI§fptSXmWv. hg¡Sn¨p \n¡p¶ amXm]nXm¡sf a¡Ä¡pw, A[ym]Isc hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pw cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«nIsf P\§Ä¡pw ]nSn¨pamän kvt\l¯nsâ a{´tamXn, tbmPn¸v ]ptcmKXnbnte¡pw hntbmPn¸v At[mKXnbnte¡pw \bn¡psa¶v [cn¸n¡phm³ IgnhmÀÖn¡p¶XmIWw hnZym`ymkw. amXm]nXm¡Ä ho«nepw, A[ym]IÀ hnZym`ymkcwK¯pw cmjv{Sob¡mÀ `cWcwK¯pw `cWþ{]Xn]£t`ZanÃmsX H¶mbmte \mSp \¶mIq. {]tXyIn¨v `oIcXsb¶ ]pXnb bp²apd \SamSpt¼mÄ HmÀ¡pI: \mSmsI Häs¡«mbn {]hÀ¯n¡Ww.
ASp¯Ime¯v \mw IWvS Hcp kw`hw Xs¶sbSp¡mw. C´ybpsS BWhIcmdn\v Atacn¡³ tIm¬{Kknsâ ]n´pW In«m³ C´y³ {]hmkn kwLS\IÄ cwK¯nd§n. AhÀ¡p kzm[o\apÅ aWvUe§fnse P\{]Xn\n[nIsf AhÀ ^WvSp \ÂInbpw AÃmsXbpw kz]£¯m¡n Imcyw km[n¨psh¶mWv hmÀ¯. hg¡Sn¨v C´ys¡Xntc \n¶ dn¸»n¡pIsfbpw sUtam{ImäpIsfbpw C´y³ cmkXzcI§Ä Iq«ns¡«nb Nn{XamWv Sn.hnbn sXfnªph¶Xv. HmÀ¯m Akm[yambXhÀ cmkXzcI§sft¸mse \S¯nsbSp¯p.